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Study Pack 1

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23 views4 pages

Study Pack 1

Uploaded by

NADEESHA FERNANDO
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mathematics

Form 3 – 1st Term


Unit 1 – Understanding Number
Study pack – 01

 Sets of numbers

Let’s identify the different sets of numbers.

Type of number Description Notation


 Natural numbers Counting numbers.
N
 Integers Negative and positive whole numbers including zero.
Z
 Rational Counting numbers, integers and numbers which can be written
numbers as fractions.

Integers are included in rational numbers. Q


Example-: 5 can be written as

 Irrational Numbers which cannot be written as fractions.


numbers
Irrational numbers include square roots of numbers that are not
perfect squares themselves, and as we find in the case of π,
irrational numbers are decimals that go on and on forever, and
never repeat any pattern.

Recurring decimals are not irrational numbers because they can


always be written as fractions. For example, 0.666 666 666 66…
= and 0.285 714 285 714285 714… = .

 Real numbers Natural numbers, integers, rational numbers and irrational


numbers. R

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Example-:
From the list given below, select:
a) the natural numbers
b) the integers
c) the rational numbers
d) the irrational numbers
e) the real numbers

2 , √3 , , -99 , 2 , -4 , π , 0.3 , 0 , 2005


000

natural numbers 2 , 2005

integers 2 , -99 , 0 , 2005

rational numbers 2 , , -99 , 2 , - , 0.3 , 0 , 2005

irrational numbers √ , π

real numbers 2 , √ , , -99 , 2 , - , π , 0.3 , 0 , 2005

 Prime numbers

 Numbers which have only two factors.


 Natural numbers those are only divisible by themselves and by one.
 One is not counted as a prime number.
 Two is the only even prime number.
Examples-: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, …

 Factors

 Natural numbers that can be multiplied together to make the number.


Example-: 3 4 = 12 and therefore 3 and 4 are factors of 12

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 Multiples

 Obtained by multiplying the number by other natural numbers.


Example-: multiples of 12 are 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, …

Note

factors product

3 4 = 12

Product of factors

 Prime factors

 Prime numbers in the list of factors of a number.


Example-: Factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12

Prime factors of 12 are 2 and 3.

Let’s have a look at some examples.

1) Write 200 as a product of its prime factors.

2 200
2 100
2 50
5 25
5 5
1
200 =

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2)

2.1) List all the factors of 18.

{1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18}

2.2) List the prime factors of 18.

{2, 3}

2.3) Write 18 as a product of its prime factors.

2 18
3 9
3 3
1
18 =

2.4) List three multiples of 18.

18 ( )

72 ( )

126 ( )

Evaluation
 Exercise 1.1 in page 5

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