SymbianResearchReport 1. Introduction 2. Platform 2.1. Hardware 2.2. OperatingSystem(s) 2.3. NetwerkConnectivity 2.4. Security 2.5. FuturePossibilities 3. SoftwareDevelopment 3.1.

DevelopmentRequirements 3.2. IDEandTools 3.3. ProgrammingLanguage(s) 4. OverallEvaluation 4.1. Advantages 4.2. Limitations 4.3. Conclusion

1. Introduction Researchintroduction OurgoalistoresearchSymbianascompleteaswepossiblycaninacertainamountoftimeandby doing so we will cover certain points. In our research we will have a brief summary of Symbians background.Wewillhavethedevelopmentbehindthisinnovativeoperatingsystem,hiscapabilities, security, performance and so on in mind. We will research the leading OS in the smart mobile devicemarket;wewillpresentacompleteresearchaboutthefuturepossibilities,theexpectations anddevelopment,alwayshavingtheotheroperativesystemscompetinginthesamemarketandthe negativerepercussionsthatSymbianOSisalreadyfacing. Oneofourfirstpointsofinterestwillbetheplatformitself.Wewillresearchpointslikehardware, operating systems, connectivity, security, performance and eventually future possibilities. We will learnmoreaboutthehardwaresupportandhowtheconnectivityisalsotheessentialdefinitionof IP. Next software development itself will be approached in our research. The development requirements,theIDEandToolsandtheprogramminglanguagearethekeypointshere. AsweallshouldknowthenativelanguageoftheSymbianOSisC++,therefor,ourresearchwillpass throughtheprogramminglanguagesthatcanbeusedonSymbian. Eventuallywewillhavetheoverallevaluation,theadvantagesandlimitationswillbeoneofthelast pointswewillneedtotalkabout,suchasthefactthatSymbianOSisnotopensourcesoftwareyet, although Nokia has decided to put its hardearned into the open source movement. Although Symbianhasquiteanamountofdisadvantagesandlimitationscomparedtootheroperatingsystems, italsohasalotofadvantagestoo,itsstillthemostpopularplatformsmartphone,itstillhasthebest smartphonefeaturesandalargeglobaldevelopmentcommunity. Symbiansintroduction ThesmartphoneoperatingsystemSymbianOSisproducedbythesoftwaredeveloperandlicensing company Symbian Ltd. Symbian Ltd was established in June 1998 and has its headquarters in Southwark,UK,andthecurrentCEOisNigelClifford. SymbianwaspreviouslyownedbyNokia,Ericsson,SonyEricsson,PanasonicandSamsung,onthe 24thofJune2008howeverNokiaannounceditwouldacquireSymbianLtd.Now,onthisday,Nokiais theoneandonlyownerofSymbian. SymbianOSoffersahighlevelofintegrationwithcommunicationandpersonalinformation management(PIM)functionality.Asasmarthphoneoperatingsystem,Symbian,canprovidemany applicationsandservicessuchas;navigation,games,musicplayback,associatedlibraries,etc. SymbianwasdesignedformobiledevicesfromitsearliestincarnationasEPOC32inthePsionSeries 5.

2. Platform 2.1. Hardware BasicallythesoftwarerequiredtodevelopforSymbiancanberunonanycomputer,buttogive somerequirementsandnumbershereisasummary: MinimumHardwareRequirements: CPU:1.2GHzprocessor,x86architecture Monitor:1024x768pixelscreen,16bitcolor Memory:512MB Harddrive:200MBoffreediskspace RecommendedHardware CPU:2GHzprocessor,x86architecture Monitor:1280x1024pixelscreenorbetter,32bitcolor. Memory:1024MBofRam Harddrive:200MBoffreediskpluscapacityforatleastoneSymbianOSSDK. Telephonehardwarerequirements: NoteverytelephonecansupportSymbian.IfyouwanttodeployoruseSymbianonatelephone youwillneedtobuyaSymbianabledevice.EverySymbianabledevicealsohasitsownSDK.New SDKsarealsofrequentlydevelopedtogoalongwithevenmorerecenttelephones. 2.2. OperatingSystem(s) WhatisneededtodevelopanapplicationforSymbian?MostpcstodayaresuitableforSymbian developmentyoujustneedenoughmemoryandWindowsNT,2000orXP.AvoidWindowsVista fornow,theARMtoolchainisnotyetcompatiblewithit. 2.3. NetwerkConnectivity SincethedevelopmentofdifferentSymbianOS,manyevolutionsonthelevelofconnectivity appeared. 1)EpocRelease5: Itswiththisversionthatthefirstmajorevolutionappeared.Itsin2000thatthenextgeneration PDAsappearedincludingaBluetoothsuccessorcodenamedConanwereusingER5u(wherethe 'u'inthenamereferstothefactthatitsupportedUnicode. Example: 2)SymbianOS6.0and6.1(alsocalledER6): Itsin2002thatthisversionwasdeveloped.Inthisversion,Bluetoothwasaddedforexchanging dataovershortdistancesfromfixedandmobiledevices,creatingpersonalareanetworks(PANs).

Example:Nokia9210. 3)SymbianOS7.0and7.0s: ThisversionaddedEDGEsupportandIPV6. WhatistheEDGE?(EnhancedDataratesforGSMEvolution) Its a backwardcompatible digital mobile phone technology that allows improved data transmissionrates,asanextensionontopofstandardGSM.ItwasdeployedonGSMnetworks beginningin2003. WhatistheIPV6? IPV6isthenextgenerationInternetLayerprotocolforpacketswitchedinternetworksandthe internet.Itsin1998thattheIETF(theInternetEngineeringTaskForce)designatedIPV6asthe successortoversion4. WhatarethedifferenceswiththeIPV4? IPV6hasamuchlargeraddressspacethanIPV4. IPV6use128bitaddress,whereIPV4usesonly32bits. Thisexpansionprovidesflexibilityinallocatingaddressandroutingtrafficandeliminatesthe needforNAT(networkaddresstranslation). 4)SymbianOS8.0: InthisversionofSymbianOS,therearenomajorevolutions,hassharedsomeAPIstosupport 3G. 5)SymbianOS9.1: Thechangeforthisversionisthechangeofversion1.2fortheBluetoothhasversion2.0where thedifferenceistheintroductionofanEnhancedDataRate(EDR)forfasterdatatransfer.The nominalRateofEDRisabout3megabitspersecondalthoughthepracticaldatatransferrateis 2.1megabitspersecond. 6)SymbianOS9.3: Itson12July2006thattheWIFI802.11andtheHSDPA(HighSpeedDownlinkPacketAccess) appearonSymbianOS. WhatisHSDPA? HSDPA is a 3G (third generation) mobile telephony communication protocol in the high speed Packet access (HSPA) family, which allows networks based on Universal Mobile telecommunications System (UMTS) to have higher data transfer speeds and capacity current HSDPAdeploymentssupportdownlinkspeedsof1.8,3.6,7.2and14.4Mbit/s. 7)SymbianOs9.5:

ThislastversionincludesnativesupportformobiledigitaltelevisionbroadcastsinDVBHand ISDBTformatsandalsolocationservices. 2.4. Security Symbianplatformsecuritymodel TheSymbiansecuritymodelcanbebrokendownintothreemainmodules: 1. Trustedcomputingbase(TCB) Thetrustedcomputingbaseholdsacollectionofsoftwarepackageswhichareusedto upholdandenforcethelattertwomodules.TheTCBconsistsofthekernel,thefilesystem andthesoftwareinstaller. 2. DataCaging Afeaturecalleddatacagingisintroducedtoprotectexecutablesanddatafilesofthe applications.Directoriesforapplicationsareprotectedbythefilesysteminawaythatonly theprocesseswiththeoriginalapplicationsecureidentifier(SID)cangetaccesstothem. Bycagingprocesses,sothattheycanonlyaccessspecificpartsofthefilesystemallofthe usersprivatedatacanbekeptsafeandseparatedfromtheapplicationsprocesses. Allinformationandapplicationresources,regardlesswhethertheyarepublicorprivate shouldbeprotectedfromunauthorizedaccessbydatacagingprotecteddirectoriesandthus limitingaccessrights. 3. Capabilities Capabilitiesdefinewhattheapplicationcanandcannotdo.Theserightsaredefinedon applicationinstallationandtheycannotbealteredlateron.Inawaythecapabilitymodelis usedtoexpresshowtrustworthyanapplicationis.Throughanotherpointofviewitalso limitstheapplicationspermissions. Ifaprocesswantstoaccomplishsometasksitneedssomecapabilitiesinordertobeableto runthetaskinquestion.Torunthesetasks,theapplicationalsorequirespermissionswhich aredefinedbytheapplicationssignature. Capabilitiescanbesplitintofourgroups: Opentoall MostoftheAPIsfallintothiscategoryabout60%.Thiscategorycontainsthemostbasic servicestobuildapplicationswhichdonotintroducesecurityissues. Grantedbytheuseratinstallationtime Thesearecapabilitiesthattheusercanchoosetograntatinstallationtime.During installationtimethesearealsoknownasblanketpermissionsandduringruntimetheyare knownassingleshotpermissions.

GrantedthroughSymbiansigned IndustrywideandcommonlyusedtestingandcertificationprogramforSymbianC++ applications. Grantedbythemanufacturer ThisiseffectivelythedevicesTrustedComputingBasethatprotectsthemostsensitive services.

PublisherID PublisherIDsareissuedbyCertificateAuthorities(TrustCenterforSymbiansigned)andthecosts are200$/year. Sources:http://developer.symbian.com/wiki/display/pub/The+Complete+Guide+to+Symbian+Sig ned Secureidentifier(SID)andVendoridentifier(VID) SIDsandVIDsareemployedbyprocessestodetermineifanapplicationoraprocesscanaccess itsAPI. StartingfromSymbianOSv9.xeveryexecutableneedstohaveaSecureIdentifier(SID).TheSID conceptenablestheplatformsecuritytoprotectAPIs,limitaccesstoAPIsspecifictoapplications andtoprotectaccesstofilesystemareasonthephonethatareusedwhenupgradingcontent. Vendoridentifierisusedifyouwouldliketospecifytheoriginofanapplicationoranexecutable. VIDcanalsobeusedtobundlemodulessothatapplicationsfromthesamevendorcanusethe samemodules. Sources:http://developer.symbian.com/main/downloads/papers/plat_sec_tech_overview/platfo rm_security_a_technical_overview.pdf Signinganapplication Throughsigningatamperproofcertificateisintroducedtotheapplication.Thecertificate consistsofthefollowingdata:Applicationsorigin,definitionsforAPIaccess. Verysimpleandstraightforwardapplicationscanskipthesigningprocessalltogether. Tocircumventcapabilitychecks,thedevelopercanchoosetoasktheusertograntablanket permissionfortheapplicationduringinstallation.Alternativelythedevelopercanasktheuserfor asingleshotpermissionduringruntime.Forinstance,thesingleshotpermissionscouldbe usedtoaskfortheuserspermissiontosendamessage. SymbianSigned Thefollowingthreesigningoptionsarenowavailable: OpenSigned,DeveloperCertificatebasedsigning.Intendedfordevelopersfor personaluseandfortesting.ForOnlinesigningaPublisherIDisnotrequired.Open signedisrestrictedbyIMEI,soitcanonlybeinstalledononedevice.

ExpressSignedisafastandcosteffectivesolutionformostapplications.Downsideis thatitlimitstheapplicationscapabilitiesmorethanaCertificatesignature. DeveloperswhowishtoreleasecommercialsoftwareandownaPublisherIDcan submittheirapplicationswithoutindependenttesting.Thisoptionisgoodfor freewareandsharewareapplications. CertifiedSignedoffersabroaderaccesstocapabilitiesbutthecertificatealso requiresindependenttestingbyaSymbianaccreditedtesthouse.Thisoptionallows accesstoallbutthedevicemanufacturercapabilities.

Requirementsfordifferentsigningoptions: OpenSigned Online OpenSigned Offline ExpressSigned CertifiedSigned PublisherID Required NO YES YES YES Independent TestingRequired NO NO NO YES IMEI Restrictions YES YES NO NO ForCommercial Distribution? NO NO YES YES

SymbianSignedenablesapplicationstousethePlatformSecurityarchitectureanddistinguishes betweenUserSystemandRestrictedCapabilities.Thevarioussigningoptionsallowapplications torequestdifferentCapabilities:

UserCapabilitiesareavailablethroughallsigningoptions. AllSystemCapabilities,includingRestricted(asdefinedinthetablebelow),areavailable throughOpenSigned(withaPublisherID)andCertifiedSignedoptions. ExpressSigneddoesnotallowaccesstoRestrictedCapabilities(CommDD,DiskAdmin, NetworkControl,andMultimediaDD). SymbianSignedreferstothemostsensitiveCapabilities,specificallyAllFiles,DRM,and TCB,asDeviceManufacturerCapabilities.TheseareonlyavailablethroughtheOpen Signed(withaPublisherID)andCertifiedSignedoptionsandrequireDevice Manufacturerapproval. Description UserCapabilitiesaredesigned tobemeaningfultomobile phoneusers DependingonDevice Manufacturersecurity policies,usersmaybeableto grant blanketorsingleshot permissiontoapplications Availability AllSigningOptions

CapabilityType CapabilityName UserCapabilities LocalServices Location NetworkServices ReadUserData UserEnvironment WriteUserData

System Capabilities

Restricted Capabilities

PowerMgmt ProtServ ReadDeviceData SurroundingsDD SwEvent TrustedUI WriteDeviceData CommDD DiskAdmin NetworkControl MultimediaDD AllFiles DRM TCB

whichusetheseCapabilities SystemCapabilitiesthat protectsystemservices, devicesettings, andsomehardwarefeatures

AllSigningOptions

Device Manufacturer Capabilities

Restricted Capabilities that protect file system, communications, and multimedia device services TrustedComputingBaseand SystemCapabilitiesthat protectthemostsensitive systemservices

Open Signed (with Publisher ID) and Certified Signed options only RequireDevice Manufacturer approval

Sources:http://www.forum.nokia.com/document/Testing_and_Signing_Developers_Library/?co ntent=GUID5BF20EE930A141D2AE265787106BF0FB_GUIDE5BD595D366343E8B527 62137210DB34.html http://wiki.forum.nokia.com/index.php/Symbian_Platform_Security_Model http://developer.symbian.com/main/downloads/files/AGuideToSymbianSigned_Ed3_hires.pdf Removablemedia Inthecasethattheuserwishestoinstallaprogramtoaremovablemediaratherthanonthe phonesinternalmemory,someissuesneedtobetakenintoaccount.Oninstallationthesoftware installercomputesahash.Whenevertheprogramisexecutedthishashisrecalculatedand comparedtotheoriginalhashandifthereisamismatchtheprogramisdeniedexecution. FeatureMatrix FromthisfigureyoucanreferencedifferentsecurityfeaturesofferedbydifferentS60platforms andFeaturePacks(FPs).

 Sources:http://www.forum.nokia.com/document/Testing_and_Signing_Developers_Library/?co ntent=GUID5BF20EE930A141D2AE265787106BF0FB_GUIDE5BD595D366343E8B527 62137210DB34.html 2.5. FuturePossibilities TheleadingmobileOS AccordingtoresearchfirmTheDiffusionGroup,Symbian'sstillmaintains theprominentpositionasthemostusedmobileOS,isstillthemostpopularsmartphone platform. FollowedbyLinuxandthenMicrosoft,Symbianhad51%marketshareofthemobileOSmarket attheendof2005,downfrom56%in2004,LinuxCameinsecondat23%,whichwasdoubleits 2004shareof11.3%.Microsoftcameinthirduppingits2004marketshareof12.6%to17%. SymbianOSisstilltheleadingfigureinthesmartphonesmarketandaccordingtoGartner Symbiansmarketshareisstillthemajoritywithatrendtodecline,GartnerblamesIphoneand Blackberry. Although,expectsSymbiantomaintainitsleadingandsaystheNokiaownedOSaccounted 47,1%ofthesectorstotalsalesin4Q08. Applecontinuestoredefinethedefinitionsofwhatamobilephoneoperatingsystemis.Symbian remainsbyfarthemostpopularOSonthemarket.

NewresearchfromGartnershowsthatforthefourthquarterof2008Symbianbased smartphonesaccountedfor47.1%ofthesectorstotalsales,with17.9mhandsetssold. BlackBerryowningRIMwasnextinlinewith19.5%followedbyMicrosoftWindowsMobileat 12.4%Appletrailedwitha10.7%marketshareandLinux8,4%. WhenthefactthatAppleisasingledevicevendorisconsidered,however,thenumbersbecome allthemoreimpressiveforAppleparticularlyconsideringthatthenumbersrepresenta111.6 percentyearonyearhike.Nokia,incontrast,suffereda21.6%annualdrop.

8,4% 19,5% Blackberry Windows Mobile 12,4% 47,1% 10,7% i Phone Symbian Linux

Symbianopensourcesoftwareplatform TheSymbianFoundationisanonprofitfoundation,thatcameintoexistencewhenNokia acquiredSymbianLtd.initsentirety,andwithotherpartnersannouncedonJune24,2008 byNokia,SonyEricsson,NTTDoCoMo,AT&T,LGElectronics,Samsung Electronics,STMicroelectronics,TexasInstrumentsandVodafone,tobeestablishedto"provide royaltyfreeopenplatformandaccelerateinnovation"withtheintenttouniteSymbian OS,S60,UIQandMOAP(S)tocreateoneopenmobilesoftwareplatform. NokiasbuyingtherestofSymbianthatitdoesntalreadyown,andwillthencreatetheSymbian Foundation,incollaborationwithanumberofothercompanies,andmakeSymbianroyaltyfree andopensource. Symbianwillbeavailableroyaltyfree.Anybodythatwantstouseitinhandsets,orhaveaccess tothecompletecode,willjusthavetojointheSymbianFoundationfor$1500ayear.That essentiallyerasesAndroidspriceadvantage,andcouldleadtoaraftofSymbianbaseddevices forthemidandlowtierfromOEMvendors. ThisshouldsignificantlyenhancetheabilityoftheSymbianplatformtosupportcustomUIs.It willbeakeyareaofcompetitionformobileOperativeSystems,andtheabilityformanufacturers tocreatetheirownUIenhancementswillbecrucial.

Perhapsitssomethingthatcanchangeinfuturemakingiteasierforpeopletocreatecustom UIsontopofSymbian,ratherthanhavingtolicenseoneoftheexistingones. TheSymbianOShasessentiallybecomefree,andthisisasmartmoveonNokiaspartasitstands togainsignificantlyfromthefurtherspreadofSymbianandS60.Itsasignificantanswerto Android,andagoodresponsetotheiPhoneasitshouldallowforalotofinnovationintheUI. ThedevicemanufacturersintheSymbianFoundationwillinsteadlooktodifferentiateon hardwaredesign,softwarecustomizationandservicelayers.Nokiaisalreadyanticipatingthis withOviasareMicrosoftandGooglewiththeirrespectiveservicesuites.Otherhandset manufacturerswillbefollowingintheirfootsteps. HowevertheSymbianFoundationcanalsobeseenasaresponsetothevariousmobilesoftware platformgroupingssuchasLiMo*andtheOpenHandsetAlliance(Google'sAndroid).Bothof thesegroupingswereofferingopensource,royaltyfreesoftwareplatformstohandset manufacturers. Byofferingaroyaltyfreeandopensourceplatform,theSymbianFoundationnegatesthekey advantageofLiMoandAndroid.AndroidandLiMohadgainedalotofattentionandsome traction,butnowfacemoreofastruggletoestablishthemselvesagainsttheincumbentSymbian Foundation.

ImplicationstotheotherOS TheSymbianFoundationstirsupthefutureoftheopenmobileplatformspace.Itdoesseemfair to draw the conclusion that the Symbian Foundation puts the Symbian platform in a stronger positionandthiswillnegativelyaffecttheotherplayers.Howeverthelikelihoodisthatwewill stillseeaheterogeneousopensoftwareplatformenvironmentfortheforeseeablefuture. The OHA(Google) and the Symbian Foundation (Nokia) are very similar, both have one strong controllingcompanyandbothwillofferaroyaltyfreeandopensourcesoftwareplatform.

Google'sadvantagescomeinhavingayoungerplatform,adifferentbackgroundandnotbeing Nokia. The Symbian Foundation's advantage comes from being the incumbent with a proven platform and 100's of millions of device shipments, being backed by all of the biggest handset manufacturers. Google may not be too concerned if Android really fails to take off. There's always been a suggestionthatGoogle'smotivationwastoforceopennessinthemobilespaceinordertocreate an atmosphere in which it is easier to get Google supplied ads on to mobile handsets. In this senseGoogleultimatelywillnotmindiftheSymbianFoundationisthebigwinnerevenifthey wouldprefertoseehandsetsrunningAndroid. Apple is not really affected by the Symbian Foundation news given that it looks to control the hardware and software from end to end internally and is not seeking to license its software platform. However with Symbian, LiMo, the OHA or most likely a combination dominating the massmarketitisdifficulttoseehowApplewillexpandtobecomeasignificantoverallplayerin mobilespace. WindowsMobilewillstandaloneastheonlycurrentmajorplatformrequiringalicensefee.This willinevitablymakeitlessattractivetohandsetmanufacturers.Facingroyaltyfree,opensource competitorsisnotwhatMicrosoftwants.However,thefactthatMicrosoftcanprovideanendto end solution for enterprises remains unchanged and Microsoft still has deep pockets and can remainaplayerforaslongasitwantstobe. ThenewplatformcomingoutoftheSymbianFoundationin2009/2010isessentiallyanevolved combinationofthealreadyplannednextversionsofSymbianOSandS60. Notablythenewstructureandlicensingseemwellplacedtoattractnewmanufacturers(perhaps AsianODMs)andmoredeveloperstotheSymbianplatform. It will provide an excellent opportunity for both companies to do what they do best differentiatethroughdesign,servicesandapplications. Otherplayerswillnotbegreatlyimpacted. *LiMoFoundationisanindustryconsortiumdedicatedtocreatingthefirsttrulyopen,hardware independent, Linuxbased operating system for mobile devices. Backing from major industry leaders puts LiMo at the Heart of the Mobile Industry and makes LiMo the unifying force in MobileLinux.(http://www.limofoundation.org) Sources: http://www.aivanet.com/main.php?p=1&blog_search=Symbian+OS&c=4&s=blogentry_views+DE SC http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbian http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/Symbian.html http://dit.unitn.it/~aiellom/images/SymbianOS.pdf http://discussion.forum.nokia.com/forum/showthread.php?t=74695 http://www.allaboutsymbian.com/features/item/The_Symbian_Foundation_unwrapped.php http://mobhappy.com/blog1/2008/06/24/moreonthebigsymbiannews/

HANNUVERKASALO,EmpiricalObservationsontheemergenceofmobilemultimediaservices andapplicationsintheUSandEurop,HelsinkiUniversityofTechnology ERIKVANHIMBERGEN,Seminar23/03/09SymbianHistory RICARDOFLORES,Seminar19/03/09SmartphoneMarketTrend&Android 3. SoftwareDevelopment 3.1. DevelopmentRequirements TobegindevelopingsoftwareapplicationsforSymbianOSasoftwaredevelopmentkit(SDK)will beneeded.SDKsforSymbianOSsupportdevelopmentinbothC++andJava,butgenerallyC++ willbeusedfordevelopingfortheSymbianplatform. SDKs for Symbian OS are built based on a specific UI platform. These UI platforms provide a distinct UI and an associated set of system applications for such tasks as messaging, browsing, telephony,multimediaandcontact/calendarmanagement. TheSDKsaredividedindifferentUIplatforms: UIQ(formerlyknownasUserInterfaceQuartz) future:withtheestablishmentofSymbianFoundationUIQwillceasetoexist. S60(formerlyknownasSeries60UserInterface) MOAP(platformusedinJapanbyNTTDoCoMosFOMA)

The most important thing you will need to know about developing software for a telephone usingtheSymbianplatformisforwhichtelephoneexactlyyouwilldevelopandthenonitsturn whichSDKyouactuallyneed,butgenerallytheS60SDKisusedfordevelopment. Hereashortoverviewoftheplatformsincludingversionsusedforspecifictelephones: UIQ UIQ3.1(SymbianOSv9.2) UIQ3.0(SymbianOSv9.1) UIQ2.1(SymbianOSv7.0) UIQ2.0(SymbianOSv7.0) S60 S603rdeditionFP2(SymbianOSv9.3) S603rdeditionFP1(SymbianOSv9.2) telephones NokiaN96,N78SamsungI8510innov8, L870 NokiaN95,N82,N77,SamsungSGH i450,SGHi550,SGHi520,SGHi560, G81,LGJOY NokiaE60,E61,E70;3250,N71,N80, N91,N92 NokiaN70,N90 Nokia6630,6680,6681,6682,Lenovo P930 telephones MotorolaMOTORIZRZ8 SonyEricssonM600,W960,P990 SonyEricssonP910,P900,Motorola A1000,FOMAM1000,ArimaU308 SonyEricssonP800,P802,Motorola A920,A925,BenQP30

S603rdedition(SymbianOSv9.1) S602ndeditionFP3(SymbianOSv8.1) S602ndeditionFP2(SymbianOS v8.0a)

S602ndeditionFP1(SymbianOS v7.0s) S602ndedition(SymbianOSv7.0s) S601stedition(SymbianOSv6.1)

Nokia3230,6670,7610,6620,6260, Panasonicx700,x800,SDHD720 Nokia6600 Nokia7650,Nokia3650,3600,3660, 3620,NGage(QD),SendoX,Siemens SX1

GUISpecifications: GUI Series60v1.x +SymbianOS6.1 Specificities Resolution=176x208 PhoneKeyboard Notouchscreen Resolution=176x208 PhoneKeyboard Notouchscreen Resolution=640x200 FullKeyboard Notouchscreen Resolution=208x320 OptionalKeyboard Touchscreen

Series60v2.0 +SymbianOS7.0s

Series80 +SymbianOS6.0

UIQv2.0 +SymbianOS7.0

Source: http://developer.symbian.com/main/tools_and_sdks/sdks/s60/index.jsp 3.2. IDEandTools Integrated Development Environment or also known as integrated design environment or integrateddebuggingenvironment. AnIDEisasoftwareapplicationthatallowsthecomputerprogrammertodevelopsoftwarefor certainplatform.AnIDEnormallyhasa:sourceeditor,compilerand/orinterpreteranddebugger. Sourceeditor:isbasicallyatexteditortocreateandeditsourcecodeofcomputerprograms. Compiler:isacomputerprogramthattranslatessourcecodewritteninacomputerlanguageinto anothercomputerlanguage.(Translatingfromhighleveltolowleverprogramminglanguage) Interpreter:acomputerprogramthatexecutesinstructionsinaprogramminglanguage Debugger:isaprogramthatisusedtotestanddebugtheprogramsyouwrite.

IDEs are there for the ease of the programmer, they make writing source code for your programseasier.OftentheseIDEscomewithabroadrangeoftoolstomakeiteveneasierand morecomfortabletowriteyourprograms. Even though the source code can be written in any IDE that supports C++ it is strongly recommendedtousetheprogramCarbideC++,whichisaneclipsebasedprogram.SymbianOS itselfrecommendsandsupportsCarbide. Other(possible)IDEs: CodeWarriorDevelopmentStudioforSymbianOS VisualC BoslandC++ Othercriticaltools: GCCforSymbian CanbeusedtocompileSymbianC++applications. SymbianCertificateManager AllowsyoutomanageyourcertificateswithinCarbide SymbianDevCertRequest EnablesyoutoobtainaSymbianDeveloperCertificate SymbianMakeSIS Allowsyoutoconvertyourc++programsinto.sispackages,whichsimplifythe installationonotherSymbianOSdevices. SymbianUnSIS Extractsthe.sispackages

Sources: http://developer.symbian.com/main/tools_and_sdks/developer_tools/critical/carbide/index.jsp http://developer.symbian.com/main/tools_and_sdks/developer_tools/index.jsp 3.3. ProgrammingLanguage(s) SymbianOSoffersachoiceofprogramminglanguagestothedeveloper.SymbianOSiswrittenin C++ and this is therefore regarded as its primary programming language. There are multiple platforms based upon Symbian OS that provide an SDK for application developers wishing to target a Symbian OS device the main ones being UIQ and S60. Individual phone products, or families,oftenhaveSDKsorSDKextensionsdownloadablefromthemanufacturer'swebsitetoo. TheSDKscontaindocumentation,theheaderfilesandlibraryfilesrequiredtobuildSymbianOS software,andaWindowsbasedemulator("WINS").UpuntilSymbianOSversion8,theSDKsalso includedaversionoftheGCCcompiler(acrosscompiler)requiredtobuildsoftwaretoworkon thedevice. SymbianOS9usesanewABIandsorequiresanewcompilerachoiceofcompilersisavailable including a new version of GCC. In terms of SDKs, UIQ Technology now provides a simplified

frameworksothatthesingleUIQSDKformsthebasisfordevelopingonallUIQ3devices,suchas theSonyEricssonP990andSonyEricssonM600. Unfortunately, Symbian C++ programming has a steep learning curve, as Symbian requires the use of special techniques such as descriptors and the cleanup stack. This can make even relatively simple programs harder to implement than in other environments. Moreover, it is questionablewhetherSymbian'stechniquese.g.thememorymanagementparadigmareactually sobeneficial.Itispossiblethatthetechniques,developedforthemuchmorerestrictedmobile hardware of the 1990s, do cause unnecessary complexity in source code; programmers are required to concentrate on bugprone lowlevel routines instead of truly applicationspecific features. It seems difficult, however, to make a move towards a more highlevel and modern programmingparadigm. SymbianC++programmingiscommonlydonewithanIDE.ForpreviousversionsofSymbianOS, the commercial IDE CodeWarrior for Symbian OS was favoured. The CodeWarrior tools were replaced during 2006 by Carbide.c++, an Eclipsebased IDE developed by Nokia. Carbide.c++ is offeredin4differentversions:Express,Developer,Professional,andOEM,withincreasinglevels ofcapability.FullfeaturedsoftwarecanbecreatedandreleasedwiththeExpressedition,which is free. Features such as UI design, crash debugging etc. are available in the other charged for editions. Microsoft Visual Studio 2003 and 2005 are also supported through the Carbide.vs plugin. ExamplecodeinSymbianC++

Java Javais,inmostcases,themainlanguagetoconsiderasanalternativetoC++.SymbianOSv7.0 providesaMIDP(MobileInformationDeviceProfile)implementation.MIDPoffersasetofJava APIsthatarespecialisedforuseinmobilephones,forsuchthingsasuserinterfaces,persistence storage, networking, and applications. It runs in the context of the classes provided by the

ConnectedLimitedDeviceConfiguration(CLDC),andusestheKvirtualmachine(KVM),avirtual machinespeciallydesignedforsmallmobiledevices. Symbian OS support for installation and execution of MIDP programs (MIDlets) is described in JavaMIDPguide.PersonalJava1.1.1andJavaPhone,providedinSymbianOSv6.0,arenotpartof SymbianOSv7.0,thoughlicenseesmaysupplytheminsomev7.0basedproducts.

JavaScript JavaScript offers clientside processing within HTML pages, and is typically used for validating userinput,andofferingdynamicpagenavigation.TheDevelopmentKitincludestheenginefor theOperawebbrowser,whichsupportsJavaScript.IfOperaisrequiredbytheproduct,licensees willprovideasuitableUI.. Assembler For most purposes, C++ offers sufficiently high performance and enough lowlevel access to maketheuseofassemblerunnecessary.SymbianOSusesitoccasionallywhereperformanceis of the highest consideration, such as in the active scheduler (the main event handling and despatchloop). WMLScript WMLScript is the WAP scripting language, similiar in purpose to JavaScript, but used within a WAPBrowser.TheDevelopmentKitdoesnotincludeaWAPBrowser,andlicenseeswillprovide oneifrequiredbytheproduct.Untilalicenseemakesthisavailable,WAPdevelopmentcanbe carriedoutonaPC. C# C would not normally be considered for writing new Symbian OS programs, but may be a candidatewhenyouhaveexistingCcodetoporttoSymbianOS.Forthispurpose,SymbianOS includesanimplementation(withsomeomissions)oftheCStandardLibrary.

Advice on porting C programs is available on the Symbian Developer Network and in the ProfessionalSymbianProgrammingbook. OPL

OPLisaBASIClikelanguagethatwassuppliedonPsionPDAs.OPLisnotsupportedbySymbian OSv7.0. 4. OveralEvaluation 4.1. Advantages Symbianbelievesthatthemobilephonemarkethasfivekeycharacteristicsthatmakeitunique, andresultintheneedforaspecificallydesignedoperatingsystem: mobilephonesarebothsmallandmobile mobilephonesareubiquitoustheytargetamassmarketofconsumer,enterpriseand professionalusers mobilephonesareoccasionallyconnectedtheycanbeusedwhenconnectedtothe wirelessphonenetwork,locallytootherdevices,orontheirown manufacturersneedtodifferentiatetheirproductsinordertoinnovateandcompeteina fastevolvingmarket theplatformhastobeopentoenableindependenttechnologyandsoftwarevendorsto developthirdpartyapplications,technologiesandservices

ThereforeSymbianisdevelopedfromscratchmatchingthesecriteria. Symbian was developed on five premises, small mobile devices, mass market, intermittent wirelessconnectivity,diversityofproductsandanopenplatformforindependentsoftware developers.ThereforeSymbianisbestfittedfortheMobileMarket,andalsomakesSymbian different from Mobile software platforms, which are derived from desktop or server operatingsystems. Symbian is committed to open standards and is actively working with emerging standards, such as J2ME, Bluetooth, MMS, SyncML, IPv6 and WCDMA. As well as its own developer supportorganization,books,papersandcourses,Symbiandeliversaglobalnetworkofthird party competency and training centers the Symbian Competence Centers and Symbian Training Centers. These are specifically directed at enabling other organizations and developerstotakepartinthisneweconomy. Symbian has announced and implemented a strategy that will see Symbian OS running on many advanced open mobile phones. Products in the market show the diversity of mobile phonesthatcanbecreatedwithSymbianOS.Wecanlookforwardtoanevenwiderrangeof SymbianOSmobilephones. Constraints

GeneralAdvantages: 1

SymbianOSisthemarketleaderwithlargeinstalledbaseddevices.Ithasbeen growingveryfasttoo.

MoreandmorethirdpartyapplicationsaredevelopedforSymbianOS.Symbian claimstherearealreadymorethan4400applicationsforSymbianOS.

4.2. Limitations The symbian OS covers more features than any other OS, so featurewise theres not much missing.HoweverthereareplentyofissueswiththeSymbianplatformandmostofthemwillfall ontheshouldersofdevelopers. Steeplearningcurvefordevelopers Developers find it difficult to work with Symbian because of poor documentation, developmenttoolsandalsobecauseofamassivelibrarywiththousandsofclasses.Also, Symbian programming paradigms differ from conventional methods so that programmersmayfinditdifficulttounderstandandgetthehangofit. Developingingeneral WhenyoubegindevelopingforSymbian,youwillfirstneedtoknowspecificallythetype ofdevicethatyouregoingtobuildyourapplicationon.Yourdevicetypewilldetermine whichGUIyouwillneedtouse(S60,S80,UIQ...).Ofcourse,inadditiontoyourplatform, it is also good to keep in mind the limitations of individual devices as well as with mobiledevicesingeneral. Porting Porting between devices can be tricky. You need to take the OS version and device specificrestrictionsintoaccount.Forinstance,youcannotportanapplicationthatisbuilt fortheUIQPlatformdirectlytoanS60UIPlatformbecauseyoumightneedtotakethe touchscreendependenciesintoaccount.Youmightevenneedtotakesomeissuesinto consideration when porting between applications built for the same platforms but for differentdevices. Symbiansigned TheSymbianSignedintroducesmanyhinderingeffectsandsometimeswithoutproviding any more security. With Symbian signed it is not possible to install freeware applications, which has on some cases resulted to a workaround where developers are providing users with stepbystep instructions on how to register themselves as developersandsigntheapplicationbythemselves.ThiseffectivelyrenderstheSymbian

http://mobile.antonypranata.com/?p=9

Signed pretty much useless and it greatly hinders Symbian in perspective to its competitors. DependencyonNokia UntilSymbianOSbecomesopensource,whichiswhatitshappeningnow,Symbianwill besomewhatdependentonNokia

Sources: http://mrblog.org/2008/02/14/whysymbiansignedmustdie/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbian http://www.codeproject.com/KB/mobile/Symbian_OS_design_faults.aspx?print=true http://mobile.antonypranata.com/2005/12/19/whyissymbianosdevelopmentverydifficult/ 4.3. Conclusions Inmanufacturespointofview Symbianisastrongoperatingsystem,ifyoulookatthecurrentSymbiandevicesonthemarket we will see that Symbian has a pretty strong position as weve previously shown. The devices which run Symbian OS on it have proven to be during and Symbian on its own has proven his valueonthemarket. Symbianisoneoftheoldestandlonglastingoperatingsystemsonthemarketanditalwayshad itsmanufacturestobuilddevicesforit. Indeveloperspointofview Symbianbringsitslimitationswhenitcomestodevelopment.Asearlierexplainedyoullneeda differentSDKforeverydevice.YouwillalsohaveadifferentsetoftoolsineachSDKthiswill limittheportingofprogramsyourightforaSymbiansmartphone.Itwillworkonalldeviceswith thesameSDKbutonothersitwillgiveproblems. There for the conclusion is that if you would want to develop for Symbian you should be very awareofthefactthatyouwilldevelopwithgreatlimitations.