Database Design and

Programming
Tahaluf Training Center 2021

Tahaluf Training Centre 05 Jul 2021

 Chapter 01

1 Overview of Database

2 Introduction of Oracle Database

3 Development Life Cycle SDLC

4 Overview of Database Design

5 Database Design Phases

Tahaluf Training Centre 05 Jul 2021

 Database Design Phases

Built-in data types

Oracle Database provides a collection of built in data types:

1. VARCHAR2(size [BYTE | CHAR]): Variable-length character string

having maximum length size characters or bytes.

Example:

CREATE TABLE Var2_Example (

VARCHAR2_byte VARCHAR2(1 BYTE),
VARCHAR2_char VARCHAR2(1 CHAR)
);

Tahaluf Training Centre 05 Jul 2021

 Database Design Phases

2. NVARCHAR2(size): Variable-length Unicode character string

having maximum length size characters.

Example:

CREATE TABLE Var2_SizeExample (

VAR2 VARCHAR2(100)
);

Tahaluf Training Centre 05 Jul 2021

 Database Design Phases

3. NUMBER [ (p [, s]) ]: Number having precision p and scale s. The

scale s can range from -84 to 127. The precision p can range from 1 to
38.

Example:

CREATE TABLE Number_Example (

NumberExample NUMBER(8,2)
);

Tahaluf Training Centre 05 Jul 2021

 Database Design Phases

4. FLOAT [(p)]: A subtype of the NUMBER data type having precision p.

A FLOAT value is represented internally as NUMBER.

Example:

CREATE TABLE Float_Example (

FloatExample FLOAT(5)
);

Tahaluf Training Centre 05 Jul 2021

 Database Design Phases

5. LONG: Character data of variable length up to 2 gigabytes, or 231 -1

bytes.

Example:

CREATE TABLE Long_Example (

LongExample LONG
);

Tahaluf Training Centre 05 Jul 2021

 Database Design Phases

6. DATE: Valid date range from January 1, 4712 BC, to December 31,
9999 AD.

Example:

CREATE TABLE Date_Example (

DateExample DATE
);

Tahaluf Training Centre 05 Jul 2021

 Database Design Phases

7. BINARY_FLOAT: 32-bit floating point number. This data type requires

4 bytes.

Example:

CREATE TABLE Binary_Example (

BinaryExample BINARY_FLOAT
);

Tahaluf Training Centre 05 Jul 2021

 Database Design Phases

8. BINARY_DOUBLE: 64-bit floating point number. This data type requires

8 bytes.

Example:

CREATE TABLE BinaryD_Example (

BinaryDExample BINARY_DOUBLE
);

Tahaluf Training Centre 05 Jul 2021

 Database Design Phases

9. TIMESTAMP [(fractional_seconds_precision)]: Year, month, and day

values of date, as well as hour, minute, and second values of time, where
fractional_seconds_precision is the number of digits in the fractional part
of the SECOND datetime field. Accepted values of
fractional_seconds_precision are 0 to 9.

Example:

CREATE TABLE TimeStamp_Example (

TimeStampExample TIMESTAMP
);

Tahaluf Training Centre 05 Jul 2021

 Database Design Phases

10. TIMESTAMP [(fractional_seconds_precision)] WITH LOCAL TIME

ZONE: All values of TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE, with the following
exceptions:
Data is normalized to the database time zone when it is stored in the
database.
Example:

CREATE TABLE TimeStampWithLocalZone_Example (

TimeStampWithLocalZoneExample TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL
TIME ZONE
);

Tahaluf Training Centre 05 Jul 2021

 Database Design Phases

11. RAW(size): Raw binary data of length size bytes.

Example:

CREATE TABLE RawExample (

RawExample RAW(10)
);

Tahaluf Training Centre 05 Jul 2021

 Database Design Phases

12. LONG RAW: Raw binary data of variable length up to 2 gigabytes.

Example:

CREATE TABLE LRawExample (

LRawExample LONG RAW

);

Tahaluf Training Centre 05 Jul 2021

 Database Design Phases

13. ROWID: Base 64 string representing the unique address of a row in its
table.

Example:

CREATE TABLE RowIdExample (

Row_Id ROWID,
Name VARCHAR(20)

);

Tahaluf Training Centre 05 Jul 2021

 Database Design Phases

14. UROWID [(size)]: Base 64 string representing the logical address of a

row of an index-organized table.

Example:

CREATE TABLE URowIdExample (

URow_Id ROWID,
Name VARCHAR(20)

);

Tahaluf Training Centre 05 Jul 2021

 Database Design Phases

15. CHAR [(size [BYTE | CHAR])]: Fixed-length character data of length

size bytes or characters.

Example:

CREATE TABLE CharExample (

Name CHAR(3 CHAR)
);

Tahaluf Training Centre 05 Jul 2021

 Database Design Phases

16. NCHAR[(size)]: Fixed-length character data of length size characters.

Example:

CREATE TABLE NCharExample (

Name NCHAR(3)
);

Tahaluf Training Centre 05 Jul 2021

 Database Design Phases

17. CLOB: A character large object containing single-byte or multibyte

characters.

Example:

CREATE TABLE ClobExample (

Name NCHAR(3),
Note CLOB
);

Tahaluf Training Centre 05 Jul 2021

 Database Design Phases

18. NCLOB: A character large object containing Unicode characters.

Example:

CREATE TABLE NClobExample (

Name NCHAR(3),
Note NCLOB
);

Tahaluf Training Centre 05 Jul 2021

 Database Design Phases

19. BLOB: A binary large object.

Example:

CREATE TABLE BlobExample (

Image BLOB
);

Tahaluf Training Centre 05 Jul 2021

 Database Design Phases

20. BFILE: Contains a locator to a large binary file stored outside the
database.

Example:

CREATE TABLE BfileExample (

Document BFILE
);

Tahaluf Training Centre 05 Jul 2021

 Database Design Phases

What is Schema Diagram?

Schema diagram contains attributes and entities.

It only display the database design and does not display the actual data of
the database.

Schema can be a single table or more than one table which is related.

Tahaluf Training Centre 05 Jul 2021

 Database Design Phases

Draw Schema Diagram

Example

Tahaluf Training Centre 05 Jul 2021

 Database Design Phases

Exercise

Draw Schema Diagram for the following scenario:

In a hospital System, there are many doctors and other employees work.
Doctors treat patients and provide them with care and medicines. There is
a room for every patient entering the hospital.

Tahaluf Training Centre 05 Jul 2021

 Database Design Phases

What is Class Diagram?

A class diagram used in modeling and designing software to describe

classes and relationships.

Class diagrams used to model a software in a high level of abstraction.

Tahaluf Training Centre 05 Jul 2021

 References

[1]. https://www.studytonight.com/dbms/overview-of-dbms.php
[2]. https://strolve.com/what-is-software-development-life-cycle-sdlc/
[3]. https://ecomputernotes.com/database-system/rdbms/phases-of-design-
methodology
[4]. https://www.oracle-dba-online.com/introduction_to_oracle.htm
[5]. https://www.oracletutorial.com/getting-started/what-is-oracle-database/
[6]. https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/SQLRF/sql_elements001.htm#SQLRF0021

Tahaluf Training Centre 05 Jul 2021