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Computer Networks - 7

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8 views6 pages

Computer Networks - 7

Uploaded by

samaptigun
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to

Transport Layer
What is Transport Layer?
The Transport Layer is the fourth layer of
the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection)
model and is responsible for ensuring
reliable and efficient data transfer
between two devices over a network. Its
primary goal is to provide communication
services directly to the application
processes running on different hosts.
Key Functions:-
Segmentation and Reassembly: Breaking data into smaller chunks for
transmission and reassembling them at the destination.
Flow Control: Ensuring that the sender does not overwhelm the receiver
with too much data at once.
Error Control: Detecting errors in the data transmission and requesting
retransmissions if necessary.
Connection Management: Establishing, maintaining, and terminating
connections between devices.

TCP vs. UDP:-


TCP is connection-oriented, ensuring reliable data transfer with error
correction and flow control, making it ideal for applications like web
browsing and file transfers.
UDP is connectionless, offering faster, but less reliable transmission.
It's great for real-time applications like video streaming or online
gaming, where speed is more critical than perfect accuracy.
Segmentation and Reassembly:-
The Transport Layer splits large messages into smaller segments
for efficient transmission. Each segment is sent independently
across the network, and upon reaching the destination, they are
reassembled in the correct order to recreate the original
message.
Flow Control:-
Flow control ensures that data flows smoothly between sender and
receiver. The Transport Layer uses mechanisms like sliding window
protocols to control the rate of data transmission, preventing the sender
from overwhelming the receiver’s buffer capacity.
Error Control:-
Error control ensures that data is received correctly. TCP uses error detection
techniques like checksums to verify data integrity. If errors are found, the
receiver requests a retransmission, ensuring reliable delivery.

TCP 3-Way Handshake:-


SYN: The client sends a synchronization request to the server.
SYN-ACK: The server responds with an acknowledgment.
ACK: The client sends a final acknowledgment, and the connection is established.
TCP Connection Termination:-
FIN: The client or server sends a termination request.
ACK: The other side acknowledges.
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