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Mark Scheme (Results)

Summer 2024

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

In Biology (4BI1) Paper 2BR
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Summer 2024
Question Paper Log Number P75819A
Publications Code 4BI1_2BR_2406_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2024
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General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must

mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the
last.
• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be
rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than
penalised for omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not
according to their perception of where the grade boundaries may
lie.
• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme
should be used appropriately.
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.
Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the
answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be
prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is not
worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the
principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may
be limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark
scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be
consulted.
• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has
replaced it with an alternative response.
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Question Answer Mark

Number
1(a) 1
• drowning / being washed overboard / sinking / storms /
(bad) weather / attacked / killed by sharks by predators /
eq (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
1(b) 3
An explanation that makes reference to three of the following
points:

1. only based on forecasts / model / not happened yet / can’t

predict future / 30 years is a long way off / not guaranteed /
eq (1)

2. other (scientists) have different view / only an opinion /

government policy may change / eq (1)

3. amount of sea farms may change / may not work / unproven

/ untested / eq (1)

4. peoples’ tastes may changes / diet / choices / demand for

fish may change / eq (1)

5. effect of climate change / sea temperature rising / levels

rising / global warming /eq (1)

6. effect of pollution / eq (1)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
1(c) 3
An explanation that makes reference to three of
the following points:

1. (fish) faeces / waste / uneaten food /eq (1)

2. nitrate / phosphate levels increase / eq (1)

3. leads to algal growth / eutrophication / (eq)

4. less oxygen (for respiration)/ oxygen used

(by bacteria) / eq (1)
allow pesticide /
5. chemicals / hormones /eq (1) insecticide/ fungicide
/ antibiotic
6. bacteria / decomposers / eq (1)
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Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
1(d)(i) A description that makes reference to two of the 2
following points:

1. pesticide / insecticide / fungicide / eq (1)

2. antibiotics / vaccinate fish / eq (1) ignore medicine /

drugs
3. selective breeding / GM fish / eq (1)

4. separating / isolating diseased fish / not species

removing sick / dead fish / eq (1)

5. low stocking density /eq (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
1(d)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to two of the 2
following points: need
method
1. pesticide / insecticide / fungicide/ antibiotic / and effect
kill other organisms / disrupt food chain /eq (1)
2. (pesticide / insecticide / fungicide / antibiotics )
can (bio)accumulate / eq (1)
3. (antibiotics) lead to antibiotic resistance / eq (1)
4. selective bred / GM organisms may escape and
interbreed / eq (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
1(e) An explanation that makes reference to two of the following 2
points:

1. deep water / greater volume / eq (1)

2. (so) dilution / reduces concentration / eq (1)
3. fast water flowing / eq (1)
4. (so) dispersed / carried away / eq (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
1(f) An answer that includes : 1

• further from shore / further ignore ref to

from land / isolated / longer weather
distance to travel / no
population nearby / need to use
boat to reach / take a long time
to get there / eq (1)
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Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
1(g) An answer that includes one of : Allow 1
converse
• is cheaper / use cheaper food (readily
available) / surplus food / crop waste /eq
(1)
• more efficient energy transfer / eq (1)
• will not eat each other / other fish / eq(1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
1(h) An explanation that makes reference to two of 2
the following points: allow converse

• less fuel / less transport of equipment

/supplies / workers / less food miles /
eq (1)

• less energy used / less electricity / less

machinery (in running / building) / eq
(1)

• less carbon dioxide released (from

burning the fossil fuel) / eq (1)
Total = 17 marks
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Question Answer Mark

Number
2(a) 1
The only correct answer is D homeostasis

A is not correct as it is not absorption

B is not correct as it is not diffusion

C is not correct as it is not egestion

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
2(b)(i) Calculation method not marking points 2

insensible loss = 0.4 + 0.5 = 0.9 allow 1 for 0.9

or ÷ 2.5
percentage = 0.9 ÷ total loss
allow full marks
(0.9 ÷ 2.5 ) × 100 for 36 with no
working
= 36% (2)

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
2(b)(ii) Calculation method not marking points 2
per kg fluid input = 0.5 for 70 kg allow 1 mark for
÷ 70 or × 110
= 0.5÷ 70 = 0071 litre per kg

= 0.0071 × 110 = 0.78

allow any value between 0.77- 0.80(2) for 2 marks with

no working
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Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
2(b)(iii) An explanation that makes reference to four of 4
the following points:

1. more water lost / less water in body /eq

(1)

2. water / liquid lost in vomiting / faeces / less water

diarrhoea / eq (1) absorbed from
food
3. (more) sweating / eq (1)

4. concentration of blood increases / water

potential lowered / eq (1)

5. (more) ADH produced / secreted / eq (1)

6. by hypothalamus / pituitary (1)

7. permeability of collecting duct increases /

eq (1)

8. more water reabsorbed / less water lost in

urine / more concentrated urine / less
urine / eq (1)
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Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
2(c) 4
An answer that makes reference to four of the
following points:

In winter In summer

1. body mass lower / eq (1) higher in

summer

2. as fewer plants available / less food / more plants

hibernating / eq (1)

3. less sunlight / lower temp / less more sunlight

photosynthesis / eq (1)

4. (much) more water intake / eq (1) less water

intake

5. as more rainfall/ eq (1) less rainfall

6. less concentrated urine in winter / more more

urine / eq (1) concentrated

7. (so) more water lost in urine / eq (1) less water lost

8. Ref to data for urine 3× less concentrated urine x 3 more

in winter / water input 4 × higher in conc/ water
winter / eq (1) input 4 x lower

urine x 3 more
conc. in
summer scores
2 marks mp 8
and 6

Total = 13 marks
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Question Answer Mark

Number
3(a)(i) 1
The only correct answer is D T (is the pore of a sweat gland)

A is not correct as Q is not the pore of a sweat gland

B is not correct R is not the pore of a sweat gland

C is not correct S is not the pore of a sweat gland

Question Answer Mark

Number
3(a)(ii) 1
The only correct answer is B R (is the structure that carries blood)

A is not correct as P is not the structure that carries blood

C is not correct as S is not the structure that carries blood

D is not correct as T is not the structure that carries blood

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
3(a)(iii) A description that that makes reference to four of ignore shivering 4
the following points:

1. vasoconstriction (1)
reject capillaries
2. arterioles supplying capillaries near skin
surface constrict / blood vessels supplying skin arterioles
narrow /eq (1) constrict = mp 1
and mp 2

3. less blood (flows) to skin surface / eq (1) more away from

skin surface

4. (hair) erector muscle contract / hair stands up

eq (1)

5. traps air / insulates/ eq (1) not just less

heat loss
6. less heat loss by radiation / convection / unqualified
evaporation (of sweat) eq (1)
less evaporation
7. less sweating / eq (1) of sweat scores
mp 7 only
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Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
3(b) An answer that that makes reference to five of the 5
following points:

1. (mean) skin temperature is high(er) in young allow

/eq (1) converse

2. (mean) skin temperature is high(er) with heat

strain / eq (1)

3. mean sweating rate high(er) in young / eq (1)

4. mean sweating rate high(er) in moderate /

higher heat strain/ eq (1)

5. small(er) difference in sweating rate between

low and moderate strain in young / eq (1)

6. no information on sweat rate with no heat

strain / at rest / eq (1)

7. more sweat glands in young / each gland

produces more sweat in young / eq (1)

8. young can reduce (core) body temperature

faster / more / young less likely to overheat
/eq (1)

9. numbers very small / not repeated /

unreliable / no information on age / eq (1)

10.no information on BMI / fat layers / health /

diet / eq (1)

Total = 11 marks
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Question Answer additional guidance Mark

Number
4(a)(i) 1
• colour of indicator / carbon dioxide not gas exchange
concentration / eq (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
4(a)(ii) 1
• stops leaves / maggots falling in indicator / hold organisms in
place / separates organism from solution/ eq (1)

Question Answer additional guidance Mark

Number
4(a)(iii) 1
• volume of indicator / volume of allow mass / 5cm / conc
3

solution / time in tube / size of tube of indicator

/ eq (1) not amount of indicator

Question Answer Mark

Number
4(b) An explanation that that makes reference to four of the following 4
points:

1. tube C / tube D / maggots produce CO2 / CO2 increases (light

and dark) / eq (1)

2. by respiration / eq (1)

3. tube B / leaves produce CO2 in dark / CO2 increases / eq (1)

4. tube A / leaves absorb CO2 in the light / CO2 decreases/ eq (1)

5. for photosynthesis /eq (1)

6. tube E no change in CO2 / no gain or loss of CO2 / eq (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
4(c) An explanation that that makes reference to two of the following 2
points:

• carbon dioxide concentration is unchanged / CO2 released and

CO2 absorbed / eq (1)
• respiration and photosynthesis / eq (1)
Total = 9 marks
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Question Answer additional guidance Mark

Number
5(a)(i) Calculation method not marking points 2
global loss from Russia Brazil and Canada = allow 1 for
76.0 + 62.8 + 49.3 = 188.1 Mha (1% =) 4.47 to 4.49
Or for
in percentage = 42% (100%) = 447-449

therefore total global loss = 188.1 ÷ 42

1% = 4.48

total global loss = 448 Mha – 188.1 = 259.9

Mha

allow answer in range 258 to 260 (2)

Question Answer additional guidance Mark

Number
5(a)(ii) Calculation method not marking 2
points
allow 1 for ÷ 240 or ÷
loss from 2001 to 2021 = 62.8 Mha (20×12)

62.8 ÷ (20×12) or 1 for 0.26 / 0.262 /

0.2617 / 0.2616
0.262 recurring

= 2.62 × 10-1 (2)

allow 2.6 × 10-1 or 2.617
x 10-1 (2)

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
5(a)(iii) An explanation that’s makes reference to two of the 2
following :

• Russia has the most forest / larger area / bigger

country / most tree cover / has high biomass /
many trees / eq (1)

• has a big effect on total / makes up a large % of

the world / contributes more to total / world /
high proportion of the total trees / eq (1)

• so even a low percentage change is a large

amount / eq (1)
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Question Answer Mark

Number
5(b) A description that makes reference to four of the following points: 4

1. reduces biodiversity / loss of species / habitat loss / eq (1)

2. increases CO2 / less CO2 absorbed / eq (1)

3. less photosynthesis / eq (1)

4. reduced soil quality / less minerals returned to soil / less fertile

/ barren / leaching / eq (1)

5. soil erosion / washed away / eq (1)

6. flooding / eq (1)

7. disturbs water cycle / less transpiration / less rainfall / eq (1)

Total = 10 marks
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Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
6(a) An answer that makes reference the following 1

• gene is a section of DNA that codes for a single

polypeptide / protein and a genome includes all of require
the DNA / all of the genes in an organism /eq (1) both for 1
mark

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
6(b) An explanation that makes reference to four of 4
the following points:

1. DNA unzips / unwinds / eq (1)

2. mRNA / messenger RNA / eq (1)

3. mRNA copies code of DNA strand / DNA DNA acts as

code copied / sequence copied / code template for
carried by mRNA / eq (1) mRNA

4. in nucleus / leaves nucleus / eq (1)

5. mRNA goes to ribosome / eq (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
6(c) An explanation that makes reference to three of the following 3
points:

1. some sequences / codons / different codes / different

bases / may code for same amino acid /eq (1)

2. no change in protein / same protein / no change in

enzyme / same enzyme / eq (1)

3. may not affect bonding / (3D) shape / active site of

enzyme / still binds to substrate / eq (1)

4. allele may be recessive / not expressed / eq (1)

5. non-coding DNA / eq (1)

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Question Answer additional guidance Mark

Number
6(d) An answer that makes reference to the Examples seen 2
following points:

genes only
iris colour
• blood group / eye colour /
examples of single genes / eq (1)

genes and environment figure / body shape / hair

colour
• mass / height / skin colour /
behavioural traits / eq (1)

Total = 10 marks
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