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Assignment 1

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18 views

Assignment 1

Plan

Uploaded by

chaudharybilalaslam0
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment # 01

Subject:
Application of ICT-Lab/ITC

Submitted To:

Shumaila Anwar

Submitted By:

Nida Asghar
(Sp24_BEN_010)

Date:
18-Sep, 2024

COMSATS University Islamabad


Vehari Campus
Topic: Generations Of Computer

1: First Generation (1940-1956)


Characteristics:

-Vacuum tubes (thermonic valves)

- Large size, heavy, and expensive

- Limited programming capabilities

- Used punched cards or magnetic drums for storage

Examples:

- ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)

- UNIVAC 1 (Universal Automatic Computer)

Diagram

Vacuum Tubes. Central Processing(Unit CPU)


Punched Cards Magnetic Drums

2: Second Generation (1956-1963)

Characteristics

-Transistors replaced vacuum tubes

- Smaller, faster, and more reliable

- Introduced assembly languages

- Used magnetic tapes for storage

Examples:

- IBM 7090

- TRADIC (Transistor Digital Computer)

Diagram:
Transistors. CPU

Magnetic Tapes. Assembly Language


3: Third Generation (1964-1971)*

Characteristics:

- Integrated circuits (ICs) replaced transistors

- Further miniaturization and increased performance

- Introduced high-level programming languages

- Used magnetic disks for storage

Examples:

- IBM 370

- PDP-8 (Programmed Data Processor)


Diagram:

Integrated. CPU

Magnetic Disks. Heigh level Programming:


4: Fourth Generation (1971-1980)

Characteristics:

- Microprocessors replaced ICs

- Personal computers emerged

- Introduced graphical user interfaces (GUIs)

- Used floppy disks and hard disks for storage

Examples:

- Apple II

- IBM PC
Diagram:

Microprocessor. CPU
Floppy Disks Graphic User Interface

5: Fifth Generation (1980-1990)

Characteristics:

- Artificial intelligence (AI) and expert systems

- Parallel processing and supercomputers

- Introduced relational databases

- Used CD-ROMs and DVDs for storage

Examples:

- Cray X-MP
- Sun Microsystems

Diagram:

Artificial Intelligence CD-ROMs/DVDs

Relational Databases
6: Sixth Generation (1990-Present)*

Characteristics:

- Internet and web technologies

- Mobile devices and cloud computing

- Introduced big data and analytics

- Used flash memory and solid-state drives (SSDs) for storage

Examples:

- Smartphones (e.g., iPhone, Android)

- Cloud computing platforms (e.g., AWS, Azure)

Diagram:

Internet/Web. Mobile Devices


Cloud Computing. Big Data/Analytics

Flash Memory /SSD

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