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    Assignment Group 3

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    Mutomba Tichaona

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    Assignment Group 3

    Uploaded by

    Mutomba Tichaona
    4 views21 pages

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    4 views21 pages

    Assignment Group 3

    Uploaded by

    Mutomba Tichaona

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    To develop a robust Hadoop

    architecture for efficiently


    processing and analyzing large-
    scale datasets, it is essential to
    carefully select and justify the
    components of the Hadoop
    ecosystem based on their
    strengths and suitability for
    various phases of a data
    processing pipeline. This
    architecture should account for
    the complexity of data
    processing tasks and the need
    for real-time analytics.

    Overview of Hadoop
    Architecture
    Components
    Ÿ Hadoop Distributed File
    System (HDFS): HDFS is the
    scalable storage component of
    Hadoop, designed to handle
    large volumes of data across
    multiple nodes. It ensures fault
    tolerance by replicating data
    blocks
    across different nodes, which is
    crucial for data consistency and
    availability. HDFS is particularly
    well-suited for high-throughput
    access to large datasets, making
    it an ideal choice for data
    ingestion and storage.

    Ÿ Yet Another Resource


    Negotiator (YARN): YARN is
    responsible for resource
    management and job scheduling
    in Hadoop. It decouples resource
    management from data
    processing, allowing multiple
    data processing engines to run
    concurrently on the same cluster.
    By managing resources
    dynamically, YARN ensures
    efficient utilization of
    computational resources, which
    is essential for handling diverse
    workloads and enhancing overall
    system performance.
    Ÿ MapReduce: MapReduce is a
    programming model for batch
    processing large datasets. Its
    distributed nature allows it to
    process data in parallel, which is
    advantageous for handling
    extensive historical data
    analysis. MapReduce is
    particularly effective for jobs that
    require a sequential processing
    approach with clear input and
    output datasets, like ETL
    (Extract, Transform, Load) tasks.

    Ÿ Apache Spark: Spark offers an


    advanced data processing
    capability, built on in-memory
    computing, which significantly
    speeds up data analytics tasks
    compared to MapReduce. Its
    versatility supports batch
    processing, real-time streaming,
    machine learning, and graph
    processing. This makes it
    suitable for use cases requiring
    low-
    latency data processing and
    iterative algorithms, which are
    common in data analytics.

    Ÿ Apache Hive: Hive is a data


    warehousing solution that
    provides SQL-like query
    capabilities over large datasets
    stored in HDFS. It simplifies the
    querying of data and is optimized
    for batch processing. Hive’s
    support for complex queries
    enables analysts and data
    scientists to perform ad-hoc
    analysis without needing to write
    complex MapReduce programs.

    Ÿ Apache Pig: Pig is a high-level


    data flow language that simplifies
    the scripting of data processing
    workflows. It is suitable for
    transforming and processing
    large datasets where complex
    data
    manipulation is required. Pig
    scripts are translated into
    efficient MapReduce jobs,
    providing a flexible programming
    interface while maintaining the
    performance benefits of Hadoop.

    Data Pipeline Phases


    and Justifications
    Ÿ Data Ingestion:

    Ÿ HDFS is utilized for storing raw


    data from various sources (such
    as databases and streaming
    data). HDFS handles large files
    natively and supports high
    throughput, making it efficient for
    initial data storage.

    Ÿ Data Processing:
    Ÿ MapReduce: Suitable for batch-
    processing jobs, such as
    extracting useful information from
    large datasets or performing
    transformations that can be
    mapped to key-value pairs. Its
    scalability to handle large-scale
    data makes it a robust option.

    Ÿ Apache Spark: For jobs


    requiring fast, iterative
    processing or real-time analytics,
    Spark is the preferred choice.
    With its in-memory computation
    capabilities, it significantly
    decreases processing time,
    making it ideal for applications
    like real-time fraud detection and
    machine learning model training.
    Ÿ Data Querying and Analytics:

    Ÿ Apache Hive: Ideal for


    conducting
    complex analytical queries on
    large datasets, Hive allows users
    to perform SQL-like queries
    without deep programming
    knowledge. It is essential for
    business intelligence applications
    where ad-hoc queries are
    frequent.

    Ÿ Apache Pig: For scenarios


    where complex data
    transformations are needed, Pig
    is used. It allows data engineers
    to create processing workflows
    that can be easily modified and
    maintained, which is crucial for
    data quality and consistency.

    Ÿ Data Visualization and


    Reporting:

    Ÿ Once processed, data needs to


    be visualized or reported for
    business insights. Using tools
    like Apache Superset or
    integrating with BI tools
    like Tableau can enhance data
    accessibility for end-users.

    Ÿ Real-Time Processing:

    Ÿ For applications requiring real-


    time data ingestion and analysis
    (e.g., IoT sensor data),
    integrating Apache Kafka with
    Spark Streaming or Flink can
    facilitate streaming analytics.
    This aligns with the need for
    timely insights without waiting for
    batch processing jobs to
    complete.

    Trade-offs Between
    Batch and Streaming
    Processing
    Ÿ Batch Processing (with
    MapReduce and Hive):
    Ÿ Suitable for large volumes of
    historical and archived data.

    Ÿ Often incurs higher latency but


    processes data efficiently in
    larger groups.

    Ÿ Streaming Processing (with


    Spark Streaming):

    Ÿ Provides lower latency for real-


    time data analytics.

    Ÿ Recommended for applications


    that need immediate action
    based on incoming data.

    Importance of Data
    Quality and
    Consistency
    Ensuring high data quality and
    consistency is paramount
    throughout the data pipeline.
    This can be achieved through:

    Ÿ Data Validation: Implementing


    validation checks as data enters
    the HDFS.

    Ÿ Data Transformation: Utilizing


    Spark or Pig for data cleansing
    and normalization before
    processing.

    Ÿ Monitoring and Logging: Using


    tools like Apache Mesos or
    custom scripts to monitor
    processing jobs and ensure they
    meet the defined quality
    thresholds.

    In conclusion, by integrating
    HDFS, YARN, MapReduce,
    Spark, Hive, and Pig, the
    architecture harnesses the best
    of the
    Hadoop ecosystem to process
    and analyze large datasets
    effectively. This setup provides a
    balanced approach to managing
    batch and streaming data, while
    maintaining a focus on data
    quality and system scalability.

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