Daily Practice Problems (DPP): Fluid Mechanics

Problem 1. If pressure at h alf the depth of a lake is equal to 2/3 pressure at the bottom of the lake then what is the depth
of the lake
(a) 10 m (b) 20 m (c) 60 m (d) 30 m
h
Solution : (b) Pressure at bottom of the lake = P0  hg and pressure ay half the depth of a lake  P0  g
2
1 2 1 1 2P0 2  10 5
According to given condition P0  hg  (P0  hg)  P0  hg  h    20m .
2 3 3 6 g 10 3  10
Problem 2. Two bodies are in equilibrium when suspended in water from the arms of a balance. The mass of one body is
36 g and its density is 9 g / cm3. If the mass of the other is 48 g, its density in g / cm3 is
4 3
(a) (b) (c) 3 (d) 5
3 2
m
Solution : (c) Apparent weight  V (   )g  (   )g

where m  mass of the body,   density of the body and   density of water
If two bodies are in equilibrium then their apparent weight must be equal.
m1 m2 36 48
 (1   )g  ( 2   )g  (9  1)  ( 2  1)g . By solving we get  2  3 .
1 2 9 2
Problem 3. An inverted bell lying at the bottom of a lake 47.6 m deep has 50 cm3 of air trapped in it. The bell is brought
to the surface of the lake. The volume of the trapped air will be (atmospheric pressure = 70 cm of Hg and
density of Hg = 13.6 g/cm3)
(a) 350 cm3 (b) 300 cm3 (c) 250 cm3 (d) 22 cm3
1
Solution : (b) According to Boyle's law, pressure and volume are inversely proportional to each other i.e. P 
V
P2V2
 P1V1  P2V2

 (P0  h w g)V1  P0 V2 
h
 h w g 
 V2  1  V1
 P0  (P1 V1)

 47.6  10 2  1  1000 
 V2   1  V1 [As P2  P0  70 cm of Hg  70  13.6  1000 ]
 70  13.6  1000 


 V2  (1  5)50 cm 3  300 cm 3 .

Problem 4. A U-tube in which the cross-sectional area of the limb on the left is one quarter, the limb on the right contains
mercury (density 13.6 g/cm3). The level of mercury in the narrow limb is at a distance of 36 cm from the upper
end of the tube. What will be the rise in the level of mercury in Water
the right limb if the left limb is filled to the top
with water
(a) 1.2 cm (b) 2.35 cm
Mercury
(c) 0.56 cm (d) 0.8 cm
Solution : (c) If the rise of level in the right limb be x cm. the fall of level of mercury in left limb be 4x cm because the area of
cross section of right limb 4 times as that of left limb.
 Level of water in left limb is (36 + 4x) cm.
Now equating pressure at interface of mercury
and water (at A' B') x
A B A B
4x
(36  4 x)  1  g  5 x  13.6  g A' B'

By solving we get x = 0.56 cm.

Problem 5. A uniformly tapering vessel is filled with a liquid of density 900 kg/m3. The force that acts on the base of the
vessel due to the liquid is (g  10 ms 2 ) Area = 10–3m2

(a) 3.6 N
(b) 7.2 N 0.4 m

(c) 9.0 N
Area=2 × 10–3m2
(d) 14.4 N

Solution : (b) Force acting on the base F  P  A  hdgA  0.4  900  10  2  103  7.2 N

Problem 6. A tank 5 m high is half filled with water and then is filled to the top with oil of density 0.85 g/cm3. The pressure
at the bottom of the tank, due to these liquids is
(a) 1.85 g/cm2 (b) 89.25 g/cm2 (c) 462.5 g/cm2 (d) 500 g/cm2
g g g
Solution : (c) Pressure at the bottom P  (h1d1  h2d2 ) 2
 [250  1  250  0.85]  250 [1.85] 2
 462.5
cm cm cm 2

Problem 7. A siphon in use is demonstrated in the following figure. The density of the liquid flowing in siphon is 1.5
gm/cc. The pressure difference between the point P and S will be
Q R
5
(a) 10 N/m
10 cm

(b) 2 × 105 N/m P 20 cm

S
(c) Zero
(d) Infinity
Solution : (c) As the both points are at the surface of liquid and these points are in the open atmosphere. So both point
possess similar pressure and equal to 1 atm. Hence the pressure difference will be zero.

Problem 8. The height of a mercury barometer is 75 cm at sea level and 50 cm at the top of a hill. Ratio of density of
mercury to that of air is 104. The height of the hill is
(a) 250 m (b) 2.5 km (c) 1.25 km (d) 750 m
Solution : (b) Difference of pressure between sea level and the top of hill
P  (h1  h2)  Hg  g  (75  50)  102  Hg  g ......(i)

and pressure difference due to h meter of air P = h   air  g ......(ii)

By equating (i) and (ii) we get h  air  g  (75  50)  102  Hg  g

  Hg 
 h  25  10 2    25  102  104  2500 m  Height of the hill = 2.5 km.

 air 
Problem 9. A homogeneous solid cylinder of length L (L  H / 2) . Cross-sectional area A / 5 is immersed such that it floats
with its axis vertical at the liquid-liquid interface with length L / 4 in the denser liquid as shown in the fig. The
lower density liquid is open to atmosphere having pressure P0 . Then density D of solid is given by [IIT-JEE1995]

5 4
(a) d (b) d
4 5
d d
(c) Ad (d) H/2 3L/4
5 L
H/2 2d

Solution : (a) Weight of cylinder = upthrust due to both liquids

A 3   A L A  ALd g D d 5
V  D  g   . L   d  g   .   2d  g   .L  D.g    D  d
5 4  5 4 5  4 5 4 4

Problem 10. Density of ice is  and that of water is  . What will be the decrease in volume when a mass M of ice melts

M   1 1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) M    (d)   
  M    M   

M M M M 1 1
Solution : (c) Volume of ice  , volume of water   Change in volume    M   
     
Problem 11. Equal masses of water and a liquid of density 2 are mixed together, then the mixture has a density of
(a) 2/3 (b) 4/3 (c) 3/2 (d) 3
Solution : (b) If two liquid of equal masses and different densities are mixed together then density of mixture
21  2 2 1 2 4
  
1   2 1 2 3

Problem 12. Two substances of densities 1 and  2 are mixed in equal volume and the relative density of mixture is 4.
When they are mixed in equal masses, the relative density of the mixture is 3. The values of  l and  2 are
(a) 1  6 and  2  2 (b) 1  3 and  2  5 (c) 1  12 and  2  4 (d) None of these
1   2
Solution : (a) When substances are mixed in equal volume then density   4  1   2  8 .......(i)
2
2 1  2
When substances are mixed in equal masses then density  3  2 1  2  3(1   2 ) .......(ii)
1   2
By solving (i) and (ii) we get  1  6 and  2  2 .

Problem 13. A body of density d1 is counterpoised by M g of weights of density d2 in air of density d. Then the true mass
of the body is

 d   d  M(1  d / d2 )
(a) M (b) M  1   (c) M  1   (d)
 d 2   d1  (1  d / d1 )

Solution : (d) Let M 0  mass of body in vacuum.

Apparent weight of the body in air = Apparent weight of standard weights in air
 Actual weight – upthrust due to displaced air = Actual weight – upthrust due to displaced air
  d
M 1  

M  M
M 0 g   0  dg  Mg    dg  M 0   d2  .
 d1   d2   d
1  d 
 1

Problem 14. A wooden block, with a coin placed on its top, floats in water as shown in fig. the distance l and h are shown
there. After some time the coin falls into the water. Then
Coin
(a)l decreases and h increases
(b) l increases and h decreases l
h
(c) Both l and h increase
(d) Both l and h decrease
Solution : (d) As the block moves up with the fall of coin, l decreases, similarly h will also decrease because when the coin is
in water, it displaces water equal to its own volume only.

Problem 15. A hemispherical bowl just floats without sinking in a liquid of density 1.2 × 10 3kg/m3. If outer diameter and
the density of the bowl are 1 m and 2 × 104 kg/m3 respectively, then the inner diameter of the bowl will be
(a) 0.94 m (b) 0.97 m (c) 0.98 m (d) 0.99 m

4  D   d 
3 3
Solution : (c) Weight of the bowl = mg = Vg         g
3  2   2  

where D is the outer diameter , d is the inner diameter and  is the density of bowl
3
4  D
Weight of the liquid displaced by the bowl  Vg     g
3 2
where  is the density of the liquid.

4  D   d    1 3  d 3 
3 3 3 3
4  D 1
For the flotation    g         g     1.2  103        2  104
3  2 3  2   2    2  2   2  

By solving we get d = 0.98 m.

Problem 16. In making an alloy, a substance of specific gravity s1 and mass m1 is mixed with another substance of specific
gravity s 2 and mass m 2 ; then the specific gravity of the alloy is

 m1 m 2 
  
 m  m2   s1 s 2  m1  m2  s1 s 2 
(a)  1  (b)  
 (c) (d)
 s1  s2   m1  m2   m1 m2 
  
m1  m 2
 s1 s 2 

Density of alloy Mass of alloy

Solution : (c) Specific gravity of alloy  
Density of water Volume of alloy  density of water

m1  m 2 m1  m2 m  m2  density of substance 
   1 As specific gravity of substance 
 m1 m 2  m1 m2 m1 m2  density of water 
    w  
 1 p 2  1 /  w 2 /  w s1 s2
Problem 17. A concrete sphere of radius R has a cavity of radius r which is packed with sawdust. The specific gravities of
concrete and sawdust are respectively 2.4 and 0.3 for this sphere to float with its entire volume submerged
under water. Ratio of mass of concrete to mass of sawdust will be
(a) 8 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) Zero
Solution : (b) Let specific gravities of concrete and saw dust are 1 and  2 respectively.
According to principle of floatation weight of whole sphere = upthrust on the sphere
4 4 4
 (R 3  r 3 )1g  r 3  2 g  R 3  1  g  R3 1  r 3 1  r 3  2  R3
3 3 3

R3 1  2 R3  r 3 1   2  1  1 (R3  r 3 )1  1   2  1
 R3 (1  1)  r 3 (1   2 )        
r3 1  1 r3 1  1 r 3 2  1  1   2

Mass of concrete  1  0.3  2.4

   4
Mass of saw dust  2.4  1  0.3

Problem 18. A vessel contains oil (density = 0.8 gm/cm3) over mercury (density = 13.6 gm/cm3). A homogeneous sphere
floats with half of its volume immersed in mercury and the other half in oil. The density of the material of the
sphere in gm/cm3 is
(a) 3.3 (b) 6.4 (c) 7.2 (d) 12.8
Solution : (c) As the sphere floats in the liquid. Therefore its weight will be equal to the upthrust force on it
4 3
Weight of sphere  R g ...... (i)
3
2 3 2 Oil
Upthrust due to oil and mercury  R   oil g  R 3 Hg g ......(ii)
3 3
Mercury
Equating (i) and (ii)
4 3 2 2
R g  R 3 0.8 g  R 3  13.6 g  2   0.8  13.6  14.4    7.2
3 3 3

Problem 19. A body floats in a liquid contained in a beaker. The whole system as shown falls freely under gravity. The
upthrust on the body due to the liquid is

(a) Zero
(b) Equal to the weight of the liquid displaced
(c) Equal to the weight of the body in air
(d) Equal to the weight of the immersed position of the body
Solution : (a) Upthrust  Vliquid(g  a) ; where, a = downward acceleration, V = volume of liquid displaced

But for free fall a = g  Upthrust = 0

Problem 20. A metallic block of density 5 gm cm–3 and having dimensions 5 cm × 5 cm × 5 cm is weighed in water. Its
apparent weight will be
(a) 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 gf (b) 4 × 4 × 4 × 4 gf (c) 5 × 4 × 4 × 4 gf (d) 4 × 5 × 5 × 5 gf
Solution : (d) Apparent weight  V (   )g  l  b  h  (5  1)  g  5  5  5  4  g Dyne or 4  5  5  5 gf.

Problem 21. A wooden block of volume 1000 cm3 is suspended from a spring balance. It weighs 12 N in air. It is suspended in
water such that half of the block is below the surface of water. The reading of the spring balance is
(a) 10 N (b) 9 N (c) 8 N (d) 7 N
Solution : (d) Reading of the spring balance = Apparent weight of the block = Actual weight – upthrust
 12  Ving  12  500  10 6  10 3  10  12  5  7 N.

Problem 22. An iceberg is floating in sea water. The density of ice is 0.92 gm/cm3 and that of sea water is 1.03g/cm3. What
percentage of the iceberg will be below the surface of water
 (a) 3% (b) 11% (c) 89% (d) 92%
Solution : (c) For the floatation of ice-berg, Weight of ice = upthrust due to displaced water

  0.92  Vin

Vg  Vin g  Vin   V    V  0.89V   0.89 or 89%.
   1.03  V

Problem 23. A cubical block is floating in a liquid with half of its volume immersed in the liquid. When the whole system
accelerates upwards with acceleration of g/3, the fraction of volume immersed in the liquid will be
1 3
(a) (b)
2 8 g
3
2 3
(c) (d)
3 4


Solution : (a) Fraction of volume immersed in the liquid Vin   V i.e. it depends upon the densities of the block and liquid.
 
So there will be no change in it if system moves upward or downward with constant velocity or some
acceleration.

Problem 24. A silver ingot weighing 2.1 kg is held by a string so as to be completely immersed in a liquid of relative density
0.8. The relative density of silver is 10.5. The tension in the string in kg-wt is
(a) 1.6 (b) 1.94 (c) 3.1 (d) 5.25
M    0.8 
Solution : (b) Apparent weight  V (   )g  (   )g  M 1   g  2.1 1   g  1.94 g Newton = 1.94 Kg-wt
    10.5 

Problem 25. A sample of metal weighs 210 gm in air, 180 gm in water and 120 gm in liquid. Then relative density (RD) of
1
(a) Metal is 3 (b) Metal is 7 (c) Liquid is 3 (d) Liquid is
3
Solution : (b, c) Let the density of metal is  and density of liquid is .

If V is the volume of sample then according to problem

210  Vg ........(i)

180  V (  1)g ........(ii)

120  V (   )g ........(iii)

By solving (i), (ii) and (iii) we get   7 and   3 .

Problem 26. Two solids A and B float in water. It is observed that A floats with half its volume immersed and B floats with
2/3 of its volume immersed. Compare the densities of A and B
(a) 4 : 3 (b) 2 : 3 (c) 3 : 4 (d) 1 : 3
 A ( fin ) A 1 / 2 3
Solution : (c) If two different bodies A and B are floating in the same liquid then   
 B ( fin ) B 2 / 3 4

Problem 27. The fraction of a floating object of volume V0 and density d 0 above the surface of a liquid of density d will be
d0 dd0 d  d0 dd0
(a) (b) (c) (d)
d d  d0 d d  d0
d0
Solution : (c) For the floatation V0d0 g  Vin d g  Vin  V0
d
 d0  d  d0  Vout d  d0
 Vout  V0  Vin  V0  V0  V0    V  d .
d  d  0

Problem 28. A vessel with water is placed on a weighing pan and reads 600 g. Now a ball of 40 g and density 0.80 g/cc is
sunk into the water with a pin as shown in fig. keeping it sunk. The weighing pan will show a reading
(a) 600 g
(b) 550 g
(c) 650 g
(d) 632 g

Solution : (c) Upthrust on ball = weight of displaced water

m 40
 V  g     g   1  g  50 g Dyne or 50 gm
 0.8

As the ball is sunk into the water with a pin by applying downward force equal to upthrust on it.
So reading of weighing pan = weight of water + downward force against upthrust = 600 + 50 = 650 gm.

Some Conceptual Questions.

Que.1 Why a small iron needle sinks in water while a large iron ship floats
Ans. For floatation, the density of body must be lesser or equal to that of liquid. In case of iron needle, the density of needle,
i.e., iron is more than that of water, so it will sink. However, the density of a ship due to its large volume is lesser than
that of water, so it will float.
Que.2 A man is sitting in a boat which is floating in a pond. If the man drinks some water from the pond, what will
happen to the level of water in the pond
Ans. If the man drinks m g of water from the pond, the weight of (boat + man) system will increase by mg and so the system
will displace mg more water for floating. So due to removal of water from pond, the water level in pond will fall but
due to water displaced by the floating system the water level in the pond will rise and so the water removed from the
pond is equal to the water displaced by the system; the level of water in the pond will remain unchanged.

Que.3 A boy is carrying a fish in one hand and a bucket full of water in the other hand. He then places the fish in
the bucket thinking that in accordance with Archimedes' principle he is now carrying less weight as the
weight of the fish will reduce due to upthrust. Is he right
Ans. No, when he places the fish in water in the bucket, no doubt the weight of fish is reduced due to upthrust, but the weight
of (water + bucket) system is increased by the same amount, so that the total weight carried by him remains unchanged.

Que. 4 A bucket of water is suspended from a spring balance. Does the reading of balance change (a) when a piece
of stone suspended from a string is immersed in the water without touching the bucket? (b) when a piece of
iron or cork is put in the water in the bucket?
Ans. (a) Yes, the reading of the balance will increase but the increase in weight will be equal to the loss in weight of the
stone (Vg) and not the weight of stone (Vg) [ Vg as    ] .

(b) Yes, the reading of the balance will increase but the increase in weight will be equal to the weight of iron or cork piece.

Que. 5 Why a soft plastic bag weighs the same when empty or when filled with air at atmospheric pressure? Would
the weight be the same if measured in vacuum
Ans. If the weight of empty bag is W0 and the volume of bag is V, when the bag is filled with air of density  at NTP, its
weights will increase by Vg . Now when the bag filled with air is weighed in air, the thrust of air Vg will decrease its
weight; so W  W0  Vg  Vg  W0

i.e., the weight of the bag remains unchanged when it is filled with air at NTP and weighed in air. However if the bag is
weighed in vacuum will be W0 when empty and (W0  Vg) when filled with air (as there is no upthrust), i.e., in
vacuum an air-filled bag will weigh more than an empty bag.

Que.6 Why does a uniform wooden stick or log float horizontally? If enough iron is added to one end, it will float
vertically; explain this also.
Ans. When a wooden stick is made to float vertically, its rotational equilibrium will be unstable as its meta-centre will be
lower than its CG and with a slight tilt it will rotate under
Th
the action of the couple formed by thrust and weight in Th
the direction of tilt, till it becomes horizontal. G G
However, due to loading at the bottom, the CG of the B
B M
W B
stick (or log) will be lowered and so may be lower than G G
the meta-centre. In this situation the equilibrium will be
W
stable and if the stick (or log) is tilted, it will come back
to its initial vertical position.
Que.7 A boat containing some pieces of material is floating in a pond. What will happen to the level of water in the
pond if on unloading the pieces in the pond, the piece (a) floats (b) sinks?
Ans. If M is the mass of boat and m of pieces in it, then initially as the system is floating M  m  VD W

M m
i.e., the system displaces water VD   ......(i)
W W
When the pieces are dropped in the pond, the boat will still float, so it displaces water M  V1 W ,

i.e, V1  (M /  W )
(a) Now if the unloaded pieces floats in the pond, the water displaced by them m  V2 W ,
i.e, V2  (m /  W )
So the total water displaced by the boat and the floating pieces
M m
V1  V2   .....(ii)
W W
Which is same as the water displaced by the floating system initially (eqn. 1); so the level of water in the pond will
remain unchanged.
(b) Now if the unloaded pieces sink the water displaced by them will be equal to their own volume, i.e,
m  m
V2  as   V 
  
and so in this situation the total volume of water displaced by boat and sinking pieces will be
 M m
V1  V2     .....(iii)
 W  
Now as the pieces are sinking    W , so this volume will be lesser than initial water displaced by the floating system (eq.
1); so the level of water in the pond will go down (or fall)
In this problem if the pieces (either sinking or floating) are unloaded on the ground, the water displaced after unloading,
V2  M /  W , will be lesser than before unloading. V  (M  m) /  W ; so the level of water in the pond will fall.
Problem 29. In which one of the following cases will the liquid flow in a pipe be most streamlined
(a) Liquid of high viscosity and high density flowing through a pipe of small radius
(b) Liquid of high viscosity and low density flowing through a pipe of small radius
(c) Liquid of low viscosity and low density flowing through a pipe of large radius
(d) Liquid of low viscosity and high density flowing through a pipe of large radius
r
Solution : (b) For streamline flow Reynold's number N R  should be less.

For less value of N R , radius and density should be small and viscosity should be high.

Problem 30. Two different liquids are flowing in two tubes of equal radius. The ratio of coefficients of viscosity of liquids is
52:49 and the ratio of their densities is 13:1, then the ratio of their critical velocities will be
(a) 4 : 49 (b) 49 : 4 (c) 2 : 7 (d) 7 : 2

 v   52 1 4
Solution : (a) Critical velocity v  N R  1  1  2    .
r v 2  2 1 49 13 49

Problem 31. Two water pipes of diameters 2 cm and 4 cm are connected with the main supply line. The velocity of flow of
water in the pipe of 2 cm diameter is
1
(a) 4 times that in the other pipe (b) times that in the other pipe
4
1
(c) 2 times that in the other pipe (d) times that in the other pipe
2
Solution : (a) d A  2 cm and d B  4 cm  rA  1 cm and rB  2 cm
2
vA a  (rB ) 2  2 
From equation of continuity av = constant   B      v A  4v B
vB a A  (r A ) 2  1 

Problem 32. An incompressible liquid flows through a horizontal tube as shown in the following fig. Then the velocity v of
the fluid is
v2 = 1.5 m/s
A

v1 = 3 m/s A

1.5 A
v

(a) 3.0 m/s (b) 1.5 m/s (c) 1.0 m/s (d) 2.25 m/s
Solution : (c) If the liquid is incompressible then mass of liquid entering through left end, should be equal to mass of liquid coming out
from the right end.
 M  m1  m2  Av1  Av2  1.5 A . v  A  3  A  1.5  1.5 A . v  v  1 m / s

Problem 33. Water enters through end A with speed v1 and leaves through end B with speed v2 of a cylindrical tube AB.
The tube is always completely filled with water. In case I tube is horizontal and in case II it is vertical with end
A upwards and in case III it is vertical with end B upwards. We have v1  v2 for

(a) Case I (b) Case II (c) Case III (d) Each case
Solution : (d) This happens in accordance with equation of continuity and this equation was derived on the principle of
conservation of mass and it is true in every case, either tube remain horizontal or vertical.
Problem 34. Water is moving with a speed of 5.18 ms–1 through a pipe with a cross-sectional area of 4.20 cm2. The water
gradually descends 9.66 m as the pipe increase in area to 7.60 cm2. The speed of flow at the lower level is
(a) 3.0 ms–1 (b) 5.7 ms–1 (c) 3.82 ms–1 (d) 2.86 ms–1
Solution : (d) a 1 v 1  a 2 v 2  4.20  5.18  7.60  v2  v2  2.86 m / s

Problem 35. The velocity of kerosene oil in a horizontal pipe is 5 m/s. If g  10m / s 2 then the velocity head of oil will be

(a) 1.25 m (b) 12.5 m (c) 0.125 m (d) 125 m

v2 (5)2
Solution : (a) Velocity head h    1.25 m
2g 2  10

Problem 36. In the following fig. is shown the flow of liquid through a horizontal pipe. Three tubes A, B and C are
connected to the pipe. The radii of the tubes A, B and C at the junction are respectively 2 cm, 1 cm and 2 cm.
It can be said that the
(a) Height of the liquid in the tube A is maximum
(b) Height of the liquid in the tubes A and B is the same
(c) Height of the liquid in all the three tubes is the same A C
B
(d) Height of the liquid in the tubes A and C is the same
Solution : (d) As cross-section areas of both the tubes A and C are same and tube is horizontal. Hence according to equation
of continuity v A  vC and therefore according to Bernoulli's theorem PA  PC i.e. height of liquid is same in
both the tubes A and C.

Problem 37. A liquid is kept in a cylindrical vessel which is being rotated about a vertical axis through the centre of the
circular base. If the radius of the vessel is r and angular velocity of rotation is  , then the difference in the
heights of the liquid at the centre of the vessel and the edge is
r r 2 2 2
(a) (b) (c) 2gr (d)
2g 2g 2gr 2
1 2 1
Solution : (b) From Bernoulli's theorem, PA  dvA  dghA  PB  dvB2  dghB
2 2

1 1 1
Here, hA  hB  PA  dv2A  PB  dvB2  PA  PB  d[vB2  v 2A ]
2 2 2 h
A r B
Now, v A  0, vB  r and PA  PB  hdg
1 2 2 r 2 2
 hdg  dr  or h 
2 2g
Problem 38. A manometer connected to a closed tap reads 3.5 × 105 N/m2. When the valve is opened, the reading of
manometer falls to 3.0 × 105 N/m2, then velocity of flow of water is
(a) 100 m/s (b) 10 m/s (c) 1 m/s (d) 10 10 m/s
P 1 2
Solution : (b) Bernoulli's theorem for unit mass of liquid  v  constant
 2

1 2 P1  P2
As the liquid starts flowing, it pressure energy decreases v 
2 
1 2 3.5  10 5  3  10 5 2 2  0.5  10 5
 v   v   v 2  100  v  10 m / s
2 10 3 10 3

Problem 39. Water flows through a frictionless duct with a cross-section varying as shown in fig. Pressure p at points along
the axis is represented by
 (a) P (b) P (c) P (d) P

x x x x

Solution : (a) When cross section of duct decreases the velocity of water increases and in accordance with Bernoulli's
theorem the pressure decreases at that place.
Problem 40. Air is streaming past a horizontal air plane wing such that its speed in 120 m/s over the upper surface and 90
m/s at the lower surface. If the density of air is 1.3 kg per metre3 and the wing is 10 m long and has an average
width of 2 m, then the difference of the pressure on the two sides of the wing of
(a) 4095.0 Pascal (b) 409.50 Pascal (c) 40.950 Pascal (d) 4.0950 Pascal
1 1
Solution : (a) From the Bernoulli's theorem P1  P2  (v 22  v12 )   1.3  [(120)2  (90)2 ]  4095 N / m 2 or Pascal
2 2

Problem 41. A large tank filled with water to a height ‘h’ is to be emptied through a small hole at the bottom. The ratio of
h h
times taken for the level of water to fall from h to and from to zero is
2 2
1 1
(a) 2 (b) (c) 2 1 (d)
2 2 1

Solution : (c) Time taken for the level to fall from H to H ' t
A
A0
2
g
 H H' 
h A 2  h
According to problem- the time taken for the level to fall from h to t1   h 
2 A0 g  2 

h A 2  h 
and similarly time taken for the level to fall from to zero t2    0
2 A0 g  2 
1
1
t1 2
   2  1.
t2 1
0
2

Problem 42. A cylinder of height 20 m is completely filled with water. The velocity of efflux of water (in m/s) through a
small hole on the side wall of the cylinder near its bottom is

(a) 10 (b) 20 (c) 25.5 (d) 5

Solution : (b) v  2gh  2  10  20  20 m / s

Problem 43. There is a hole in the bottom of tank having water. If total pressure at bottom is 3 atm (1 atm = 105N/m2) then
the velocity of water flowing from hole is

(a) 400 m / s (b) 600 m / s (c) 60 m / s (d) None of these

N
Solution : (b) Pressure at the bottom of tank P  hg  3  10 5 and velocity of water v  2gh
m2
 2P 2  3  10 5
v    600 m / s
 10 3

Problem 44. A large open tank has two holes in the wall. One is a square hole of side L at a depth y from the top and the
other is a circular hole of radius R at a depth 4y from the top. When the tank is completely filled with water the
quantities of water flowing out per second from both the holes are the same. Then R is equal to
L L
(a) 2 L (b) (c) L (d)
2 2

Solution : (b) Velocity of efflux when the hole is at depth h, v  2gh

Rate of flow of water from square hole Q1  a1v1 = L2 2gy

Rate of flow of water from circular hole Q 2  a 2v 2 = R 2 2g(4 y)

L
and according to problem Q1  Q2  L2 2gy  R 2 2g(4y)  R 
2

Problem 45. There is a hole of area A at the bottom of cylindrical vessel. Water is filled up to a height h and water flows out
in t second. If water is filled to a height 4h, it will flow out in time equal to
(a) t (b) 4t (c) 2 t (d) t/4

A 2H t H2 4h
Solution : (c) Time required to emptied the tank t   2    2  t 2  2t
A0 g t1 H1 h

1
Problem 46. A cylinder containing water up to a height of 25 cm has a hole of cross-section cm 2 in its bottom. It is
4
counterpoised in a balance. What is the initial change in the balancing weight when water begins to flow out
(a) Increase of 12.5 gm-wt
(b) Increase of 6.25 gm-wt
(c) Decrease of 12.5 gm-wt
25 cm
(d) Decrease of 6.25 gm-wt

Solution : (c) Let A = The area of cross section of the hole, v = Initial velocity of efflux, d = Density of water,
Initial volume of water flowing out per second = Av
Initial mass of water flowing out per second = Avd
Rate of change of momentum = Adv2  Initial downward force on the out flowing water = Adv2
So equal amount of reaction acts upwards on the cylinder.

 Initial upward reaction = Adv 2 [As v  2gh ]

1
 Initial decrease in weight  Ad (2gh)  2 Adgh  2     1  980  25  12.5 gm-wt.
4

Problem 47. A cylindrical tank has a hole of 1 cm2 in its bottom. If the water is allowed to flow into the tank from a tube
above it at the rate of 70 cm3/sec. then the maximum height up to which water can rise in the tank is

(a) 2.5 cm (b) 5 cm (c) 10 cm (d) 0.25 cm

Solution : (a) The height of water in the tank becomes maximum when the volume of water flowing into the tank per second
becomes equal to the volume flowing out per second.

Volume of water flowing out per second = Av  A 2gh

and volume of water flowing in per second  70 cm 3 / sec .

4900
 A 2 gh  70  1 2 gh  70  1 2  980  h  70  h   2.5 cm.
1960

Problem 48. A square plate of 0.1 m side moves parallel to a second plate with a velocity of 0.1 m/s, both plates being
immersed in water. If the viscous force is 0.002 N and the coefficient of viscosity is 0.01 poise, distance
between the plates in m is

(a) 0.1 (b) 0.05 (c) 0.005 (d) 0.0005

Solution : (d) A  (0.1)2  0.01m2 ,   0.01 Poise  0.001 decapoise (M.K.S. unit), dv = 0.1 m/s and F = 0.002 N

dv Adv 0.001  0.01  0.1

F  A  dx    0.0005m .
dx F 0.002

Problem 49. The diagram shows a cup of tea seen from above. The tea has been stirred and is now rotating without
turbulence. A graph showing the speed v with which the liquid is crossing points at a distance X from O along
a radius XO would look like

O X

V V V V
(a) (b) (c) (d)

X X X X
Solution : (d) When we move from the centre to the circumference the velocity of liquid goes on decreasing and finally
becomes zero

Problem 50. Spherical balls of radius 'r' are falling in a viscous fluid of viscosity '' with a velocity 'v'. The retarding viscous
force acting on the spherical ball is
(a) Inversely proportional to 'r' but directly proportional to velocity 'v'
(b) Directly proportional to both radius 'r' and velocity 'v'
(c) Inversely proportional to both radius 'r' and velocity 'v'
(d) Directly proportional to 'r' but inversely proportional to 'v'
Solution : (b) F  6  rv

Problem 51. A small sphere of mass m is dropped from a great height. After it has fallen 100 m, it has attained its terminal
velocity and continues to fall at that speed. The work done by air friction against the sphere during the first
100 m of fall is
 (a) Greater than the work done by air friction in the second 100 m
(b) Less than the work done by air friction in the second 100 m
(c) Equal to 100 mg
(d) Greater than 100 mg
Solution : (b) In the first 100 m body starts from rest and its velocity goes on increasing and after 100 m it acquire maximum
velocity (terminal velocity). Further, air friction i.e. viscous force which is proportional to velocity is low in the
beginning and maximum at v  vT .

Hence work done against air friction in the first 100 m is less than the work done in next 100 m.

Problem 52. Two drops of the same radius are falling through air with a steady velocity of 5 cm per sec. If the two drops
coalesce, the terminal velocity would be

(a) 10 cm per sec (b) 2.5 cm per sec (c) 5  (4)1 / 3 cm per sec (d) 5  2 cm per sec

Solution : (c) If two drops of same radius r coalesce then radius of new drop is given by R
4 3 4 3 4 3
R  r  r  R 3  2r 3  R  21 / 3 r
3 3 3
If drop of radius r is falling in viscous medium then it acquire a critical velocity v and v  r 2
2 2
v2  R   21 / 3 r 
       v 2  2 2 / 3  v1  2 2 / 3  (5)  5  (4)1 / 3 m / s

v1  r   r 
Problem 53. A ball of radius r and density  falls freely under gravity through a distance h before entering water. Velocity of
ball does not change even on entering water. If viscosity of water is , the value of h is given by
2 21   
(a) r  g
9   
2 2   1
(b) r  g h
81   
2
2 4    1
(c) r   g
81   
2
2 4    1
(d) r   g
9   

Solution : (c) Velocity of ball when it strikes the water surface v  2gh ..........(i)

2 2   1
Terminal velocity of ball inside the water v  r g ..........(ii)
9 
2
2 r 2g 2 4    1
Equating (i) and (ii) we get 2gh  (  1)  h  r   g
9  81   

Problem 54. The rate of steady volume flow of water through a capillary tube of length 'l' and radius 'r' under a pressure
difference of P is V. This tube is connected with another tube of the same length but half the radius in series.
Then the rate of steady volume flow through them is (The pressure difference across the combination is P)
V V 16V 17V
(a) (b) (c) (d)
16 17 17 16

P 8l
Solution : (b) Rate of flow of liquid V  where liquid resistance R 
R r 4
 8l 8l
For another tube liquid resistance R'  4
 .16  16R
r r 4
 
 2
P P P V
For the series combination V New     .
R  R' R  16 R 17 R 17

Problem 55. A liquid is flowing in a horizontal uniform capillary tube under a constant pressure difference P. The value of
pressure for which the rate of flow of the liquid is doubled when the radius and length both are doubled is

3P P P
(a) P (b) (c) (d)
4 2 4
4 4
Pr 4 V 8l P V l r  1 1 P P
Solution : (d) From V   P  2  2  2   1   2  2      P2  1  .
8l r 4 P1 V1 l 1 r
 2 2
  4 4 4

Problem 56. Two capillary tubes of same radius r but of lengths l1 and l2 are fitted in parallel to the bottom of a vessel. The
pressure head is P. What should be the length of a single tube that can replace the two tubes so that the rate of
flow is same as before
1 1 l1l 2 1
(a) l 1  l 2 (b)  (c) (d)
l1 l2 l1  l 2 l1  l 2

1 1 1 r 4 r 4 r 4 1 1 1 l1l 2
Solution : (c) For parallel combination         l 
Reff R1 R2 8l 8l1 8l 2 l l1 l 2 l1  l 2

Problem 57. We have two (narrow) capillary tubes T1 and T2. Their lengths are l1 and l2 and radii of cross-section are r1 and
r2 respectively. The rate of flow of water under a pressure difference P through tube T1 is 8cm3/sec. If l1 = 2l2
and r1 =r2, what will be the rate of flow when the two tubes are connected in series and pressure difference
across the combination is same as before (= P)
(a) 4 cm3/sec (b) (16/3) cm3/sec (c) (8/17) cm3/sec (d) None of these

 Pr 4 8cm 3
Solution : (b) V 
8l sec

Pr 4 2 Pr 4 2 16 cm 3  l
For composite tube V1    8   l1  l  2l 2 or l 2  2 
 l  3 8l 3 3 sec  
8 l  
 2
Problem 58. A capillary tube is attached horizontally to a constant head arrangement. If the radius of the capillary tube is
increased by 10% then the rate of flow of liquid will change nearly by
(a) + 10% (b) + 46% (c) – 10% (d) – 40%
4 4
Pr 4 V r   110  4
Solution : (b) V  2   2   V2  V1    V1 (1.1)  1.4641V
8l V1  r1   100 
V V2  V1 1.4641V  V
   0.46 or 46% .
V V V

87-Rani Ka Bagh, Near F.C.I Amritsar

Mob.: 98156-22256
email: [email protected]