Scribd
Upload
56 views7 pages

C++ Programming

Uploaded by

engineerhaile1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
56 views7 pages

C++ Programming

Uploaded by

engineerhaile1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

What is C++?

C++ is a cross-platform language that can be used to create high-performance


applications.

C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup, as an extension to the C language.

C++ gives programmers a high level of control over system resources and
memory.

The language was updated 5 major times in 2011, 2014, 2017, 2020, and 2023
to C++11, C++14, C++17, C++20, and C++23

Why Use C++


C++ is one of the world's most popular programming languages.

C++ can be found in today's operating systems, Graphical User Interfaces, and
embedded systems.

C++ is an object-oriented programming language which gives a clear structure


to programs and allows code to be reused, lowering development costs.

C++ is portable and can be used to develop applications that can be adapted to
multiple platforms.

C++ is fun and easy to learn!

As C++ is close to C, C# and Java, it makes it easy for programmers to switch to


C++ or vice versa.

Difference between C and C++


C++ was developed as an extension of C, and both languages have almost the
same syntax.

The main difference between C and C++ is that C++ support classes and
objects, while C does not.

C++ Get Started


To start using C++, you need two things:

 A text editor, like Notepad, to write C++ code


 A compiler, like GCC, to translate the C++ code into a language that the
computer will understand

There are many text editors and compilers to choose from. In this tutorial, we
will use an IDE (see below).

C++ Install IDE


An IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is used to edit AND compile the
code.

Popular IDE's include Code::Blocks, Eclipse, and Visual Studio. These are all free,
and they can be used to both edit and debug C++ code.

Note: Web-based IDE's can work as well, but functionality is limited.

We will use Code::Blocks in our tutorial, which we believe is a good place to


start.

You can find the latest version of Codeblocks at http://www.codeblocks.org/.


Download the mingw-setup.exe file, which will install the text editor with a
compiler.

C++ Quickstart
Let's create our first C++ file.

Open Codeblocks and go to File > New > Empty File.

Write the following C++ code and save the file as myfirstprogram.cpp (File >
Save File as):

My Frist Program
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
cout << "Hello World!";
return 0;
}

C++ Syntax
Let's break up the following code to understand it better:

Example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
cout << "Hello World!";
return 0;
}
Example explained

Line 1: #include <iostream> is a header file library that lets us work


with input and output objects, such as cout (used in line 5). Header files add
functionality to C++ programs.
Line 2: using namespace std means that we can use names for objects
and variables from the standard library.

Don't worry if you don't understand how #include <iostream> and using
namespace std works. Just think of it as something that (almost) always
appears in your program.

Line 3: A blank line. C++ ignores white space. But we use it to make the
code more readable.

Line 4: Another thing that always appear in a C++ program is int main().
This is called a function. Any code inside its curly brackets {} will be
executed.

Line 5: cout (pronounced "see-out") is an object used together with


the insertion operator (<<) to output/print text. In our example, it will output
"Hello World!".

Note: C++ is case-sensitive: "cout" and "Cout" has different meaning.

Note: Every C++ statement ends with a semicolon ;.

Note: The body of int main() could also been written as:
int main () { cout << "Hello World! "; return 0; }

Remember: The compiler ignores white spaces. However, multiple lines


makes the code more readable.

Line 6: return 0; ends the main function.

Line 7: Do not forget to add the closing curly bracket } to actually end the
main function.

Omitting Namespace
You might see some C++ programs that runs without the
standard namespace library. The using namespace
std line can be omitted and replaced with
the std keyword, followed by the :: operator for some
objects:

Example
#include <iostream>

int main() {
std::cout << "Hello World!";
return 0;
}

C++ Statements
A computer program is a list of "instructions" to be "executed"
by a computer.

In a programming language, these programming instructions are


called statements.

The following statement "instructs" the compiler to print the text


"Hello World" to the screen:

Example
cout << "Hello World!";

Many Statements
Most C++ programs contain many statements.

The statements are executed, one by one, in the same order as they are
written:
Example
cout << "Hello World!";
cout << "Have a good day!";
return 0;

Example explained

From the example above, we have three statements:

1. cout << "Hello World!";


2. cout << "Have a good day!";
3. return 0;

The first statement is executed first (print "Hello World!" to the screen).
Then the second statement is executed (print "Have a good day!" to the
screen).
And at last, the third statement is executed (end the C++ program
successfully).

C++ Output (Print Text)


The cout object, together with the << operator, is used to output values and print
text.

Just remember to surround the text with double quotes ( ""):


Example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
cout << "Hello World!";
return 0;
}

You might also like