International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology (IJIET)

http://dx.doi.org/10.21172/ijiet.102.07

Fire Fighting Robot

Dr. Niranjan Bhattacharyya1, Akshat Sharma2
1
Head of Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, BPIT, Rohini
2
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering. BPIT, Rohini

Abstract—A large number of fire accidents occur in world, be it natural or man-made. There are many possibilities a fire
can start in an industry or in any industry like cotton mills, fuel storage, etc. In worst case this can cause huge financial
loss, environmental damage, and also there is always the risk of life. Fire fighters have to divide their resources between
rescue and extinguishing fire. To counter this, we need a system that can be employed to fight alongside the fire fighters
making it easy to manage the resources. The goal here is to build a Fire Fighting Robot using embedded system. It is
designed to navigate autonomously and find and extinguish fire before it rages out of control. This project will help
generate interest in the field of robotics while working towards a practical and obtainable solution to save lives and
minimize the risk of property damage.
Keywords: Arduino Atmega328p, firefighting robot, LDR, temperature sensor.

I. INTRODUCTION
We live in the age of technology, yet in fire fighting techniques we have not even scratched the surface. In the event
of a fire breakout, human resources are exploited to simultaneously extinguish the fire as well as rescue which is
unsafe. In this project, we will build a robot using Arduino that could move towards the fire and pump out water to
extinguish the fire. The system can be divided into three different modules sensor module, Arduino module and the
appliance module. The project is summarized in different section, in the literature review section, the research and
motivation for the project is included. In the proposed system the block diagram and flowchart of the system is
given. In component details various components used in the system used are given, followed by conclusion and
references.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

Creativity and Innovative desire has always been curiosity of man; it is all because of this nature of man that we are
growing each and every day to more modern world. We are proud as the students of Electronics and Communication
as this field is striding to new innovations every day. The existence of electronics has not only reduced the labour
required to perform but also enhanced the efficiency of the device. The potential application of the multifunctional
firefighting system has been defined as a group that includes the chemical and oil industry, nuclear plants, military
storage facilities, as well as mine fields and dangerous substance transport. On taking a look at the work done in the
field of robotics, it was clear the we are close to developing a perfect fire fighting machine. There were some areas
where this robot was not living up to the expectations. So, in an attempt help the community this idea of making a
fire fighting robot came to be.

III. PROPOSED SYSTEM

3.1. Block Diagram
The main brain of this project is the Arduino, but in-order to sense fire we use the LDR’s and Temperature sensors.
These sensors ere used to detect the fire. When fire burns it emits a small amount of Infra-red light, this light is
received by the LDR on the sensor module. We will detect the direction of the fire we can use the motors to move
near the fire by driving motors through the L293D module. When near a fire we have to put it out using water.
Using a small container, we can carry water and a 5V pump is placed in the container and is placed on top of a servo
motor so that we can control the direction in which the water has to be sprayed.

Figure 1: Block Diagram

Volume 10 Issue 2 May 2018 042 ISSN: 2319-1058

 International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology (IJIET)
http://dx.doi.org/10.21172/ijiet.102.07

3.2. Flowchart
The following figure shows the total Architecture of the project in a complete Flowchart.
As we start the system the first step will be to initialize all the pins and sensors that are connected in the system.
The next step will be to scan for fire if yes it will move forward but it will keep scanning for fire until detected.
Once detected the system checks which sensor detected the fire.
The following table will show how the system will turn.

Table 1: Sensors and direction to move

LDR sensor Move
Right Sensor Right
Left Sensor Left
Centre Sensor Forward
As soon as the temperature sensor heats an interrupt is activated that will stop the system and pump motor will
activate to extinguish fire.
Again, the system starts moving and scans for the fire.

Figure 2: Flowchart of the system

Volume 10 Issue 2 May 2018 043 ISSN: 2319-1058

 International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology (IJIET)
http://dx.doi.org/10.21172/ijiet.102.07

IV. COMPONENT DETAILS

4.1. Sensor nodes
The main function of sensors is to detect the flame nearby. This is done by Light Dependent Resistors (LDR’s) and
Temperature Sensor.
The LDR is used for the detection of light, internally it has a resistance which is sensitive to light. Whenever light
falls on the LDR sensor, its resistance start decreasing and when it comes to dark then its resistance start increasing.
Using the value of resistance, one can easily detect whether there is fire or not.
The temperature sensor’s resistance depends upon temperature. When temperature changes, the resistance of the
sensor changes in a predictable way. Both the sensors work in tandem in detecting the fire. The output signals are
sent to the micro-controller, which is responsible for the operation of the system.

4.2. Appliance nodes

The appliance nodes contain motors, water pump and l293D motor driver. The Arduino is connected to the l293D
IC, which receives command (in form of signals). This IC is capable of driving two motors in clockwise or anti-
clockwise direction which makes turning the robot possible. The pump motor is connected to the Arduino. It pumps
out liquid to extinguish fire, we can use any kind of liquid solution in place of water. Two driving motors are also
connected to the system provides mobility to the system the two motors connect to motor driver in H- bridge. This
module has its own independent power supply of 9V to reduce system load.

V. CONCLUSION
This project presents the design and the implementation of a fire fighting robot that moves towards the fire and
pump out water to extinguish the fire. The project explained how to interface various components to Arduino. The
system can potentially be useful to accompany fire fighters and prevent an outbreak. A system capable of navigating
towards fire and then extinguishing it by pumping water was made. Study on different component and their
interfacing techniques were achieved.
VI. CONCLUSION
Fire fighting product has their end users in sectors such as defence, fire department, medicine, health monitoring etc.
Obstacle sensor could be used to prove better navigation through hurdles.
A memory can be used as to maintain logs of the fire incident.
The sensors have a limited field of detection, this can affect the capability of the system.
The wheels of the robot could be upgraded to make it suitable for all terrain.

VII. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am using this opportunity to express my gratitude to everyone who supported me throughout the course of this
project. I am thankful for their aspiring guidance, invaluably constructive criticism and friendly advice during the
project work. I express my warm thanks to my guide Dr. Niranjan Bhattacharyya for his support and guidance.
Without your guidance I would have never completed this project with such productivity and proficiency.

VIII. REFERENCES
[1] David J. Ahlgren Fire-Fighting Robots And First-Year Engineering Design: Trinity College Experience. 31st ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in
Education Conference S2E-6 October 10 - 13, 2001.
[2] Www.wikipedia.com, Firefighter robot, its benefits and its recent developments.
[3] U.Jyostna Sai Prasanna, M.V.D.Prasad Automatic Fire Sensing and Extinguishig Robot Embedded With GSM Modem.
[4] International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-2, Issue-4, April 2013.

Volume 10 Issue 2 May 2018 044 ISSN: 2319-1058