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Chapter 4

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11 views2 pages

Chapter 4

Uploaded by

Bhima Game
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 4

MANAGING INPUT OUTPUT OPERATIONS

Reading a Character:-

Reading a single character can be done by using the function getchar(). this
can also be done with scanf().
Syntax:
ch = getchar() ;

Input /Output Statements:-


To perform the basic i/o functions C provides the library of functions. This library
is called stdio.h
Ex:
scanf() , printf(), getchar(), getch(), putchar(), gets(), puts(), etc.

There are two types of I/O statements. They are,


 Formatted I/O Statement
 Unformatted I/O statement

1) Formatted I/O St:-


This enables the user to specify the type of the data & the way in
which it should be read in or written out.
Ex:-scanf(), printf()

2) Unformatted I/O St:-


This do not specify the type of data & the way it should read in or
written out.
Ex:- getchar(), gets(), putchar(), puts(), etc

Scanf():-
Syntax:
scanf(“Control String”,address_list);
where,
“control string” is a sequence of one or more character groups. Each
character group is a combination of % symbol and one of the conversion characters.
The control string specifies the type of the values which are to be supplied to the
variables.
“address list” are address of memory locations where the values of input variable
should be stored.
Character Group Meaning
%c read a single character
%d read a decimal integer
%f read a floating point value
%u read a unsigned value

Interger Input:-
Ex:- num =386;
scanf(“%3d”,&num) ;
where,
3 is the field widthof the input number.

Note:
No space or any other characters is used after te last character group.
Ex: scanf(“%d %d %d “,&p,&q,&r);
In this case ,the programmer has to input one char extra to end the input operation.

Similarly Formatted output:


Using printf()
printf(“%05d”,678);

0 0 6 7 8

gets() :-
syntax:
gets(string);

unformatted output:-
putchar(char_variable);
puts(string);

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