GOVT OF KARNATAKA

PROJECT REPORT ON “AUTOMATIC STREET LIGHT USING ARDUINO”

Submitted in the partial fulfillment of requirements for the award of “Diploma in ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING “
Submitted By:

S.NO REGISTER NUMBER STUDENTNAME ROLE

1 498EC22054 PATNAM.LAKSHMI NARASIMHA DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT

&DOCUMENTATION

COHORT OWNER
Mr.Shiva Kumar.M, BE, M.tech
Lecturer, Dept of ECE.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

BGS POLYTECHNIC [498]
BGS (SJCIT) Campus, Chikkballapura-5621012024-2025
||JAISRIGURUDEV||
SRIADICHUNCHANAGIRISHIKSHANTRUST®
 BGS POLYTECHNIC [498]
BGS (SJCIT) Campus, Chikkballapura-5621012024-2025
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is certified that this project report entitled “AUTOMATIC STREET LIGHT USING ARDUINO” is submitted
by "PATNAM.LAKSHMI NARASIMHA (498EC22054),”
In partial fulfillment for the award of “Diploma in Electronics and communication Engineering “of the
Department of Technical Education, Bangalore, Karnataka during the year 2024-2025. The project has been
approved as it satisfied academic requirement in respect of the project work on current topic prescribed
for the Diploma in Electronics and Communication Engineering.

……………….............. ………………………… ---------------------------

Signature of Cohort Owner Signature of HOD Signature of Principal
Mr. .Shiva Kumar, BE, M.tech Mr. NAGABHUSHAN A.M B.E, Y.R MANJUNATH BE, M.tech
Lecturer , Dept of ECE, HOD Dept of ECE, Principal
BGSP Chikkaballapur, BGSP, Chikkaballapur BGSP, Chikkaballapur

Name of the Examiner Signature with date:

1)…………………………….. 1)……………………………

2)…………………………….. 2)……………………………
 STUDENTDECLARATION
We are here by declaring that
 The project work is our original work; this project work has not been submitted for the award of any
degree or examination at any other university/college/institute.
 This project work does not contain other persons ‘data, pictures, graphs or other information, unless
specifically acknowledged as being sourced from other persons.
 This project work does not contain other persons’ writing, unless specifically acknowledged being
sourced from other researchers where other written sources have been quoted, then:
 Their words have been rewritten but the general information attributed to them has been referenced;
 Where their exact word shave been used, there writing has been placed inside quotation marks, and
referenced.
 This project work does not contain text, graphics or tables copied and pasted from the internet, unless
specifically acknowledged, and the source being detailed in the thesis and in the reference’s sections.

STUDENTNAME REGISTERNUMBER SIGNATURE

PATNAM.LAKSHMI NARASIMHA 498EC22054
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Every project begins with an idea and materializes with concrete efforts. In the beginning, we would like to
thank the almighty God and Parents who gave us the strength and capability to work on this project and
complete it successfully. I sincerely thank B.G.S POLYTECHNIC, Chikkaballapur for providing me with this
opportunitytoimprovemyknowledgebygivinganopportunitytogivethisproject.
I thank our principal Prof. Mr. Y.R.MANJUNATH BE, M.tech for providing a congenial working atmosphere.
We extend our sincere gratitude to Mr. NAGABHUSHAN A.M, B.E, Head of the Department, Electronics and
Communication Engineering, for his consistent guidance during the course of the project work.
We are extremely grateful to our project guide Mr. Shiva Kumar. M. B.E, M.tech, Department of Electronics
and Communication Engineering for the guidance and encouragement.
 5

Contents
AUTOMATIC STREET LIGHT USING ARDUINO .................................................................................................................... 7
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................................................................... 7
INRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................................... 7
OBJECTIVE .......................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Key Features: ......................................................................................................................................................................8
1. Light-dependent operation ........................................................................................................................................ 8
2. Energy Efficiency ........................................................................................................................................................ 8
3. Arduino-based control ............................................................................................................................................... 8
4. Real-time Monitoring and Control ............................................................................................................................. 8
5. Low Maintenance .......................................................................................................................................................8
6. Cost-effective ............................................................................................................................................................. 8
7. Scalability and Flexibility ............................................................................................................................................ 8
8. Environment-friendly ................................................................................................................................................. 8
COMPONENTS OF AUTOMATIC STREET LIGHT USING ARDUINO ...................................................................................... 9
1. Arduino Board (e.g., Arduino UNO) ........................................................................................................................... 9
2. Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) or Photo resistor ..................................................................................................... 9
3. LED or High-Power Bulb (Light Source) ......................................................................................................................9
4. Relay Module (for High Voltage Control) ...................................................................................................................9
5. Resistors (for LDR circuit) ........................................................................................................................................... 9
6. Connecting Wires and Breadboard/PCB .................................................................................................................... 9
WORKING PRINCIPLE ........................................................................................................................................................10
LDR detects light intensity ........................................................................................................................................... 10
Arduino reads LDR values ............................................................................................................................................ 10
Decision-making by Arduino ........................................................................................................................................ 10
Relay module controls the street light .........................................................................................................................10
Circuit Diagram .................................................................................................................................................................10
 LDR and Resistor: .................................................................................................................................................. 10
 Relay Module: ....................................................................................................................................................... 10
 Power and Street light: ......................................................................................................................................... 10
ARDIUNO CODE : ..............................................................................................................................................................11
Explanation of the Code: ..................................................................................................................................................12
 Reading Light Intensity: .........................................................................................................................................12
 Threshold Comparison: ......................................................................................................................................... 12
 6

 Debugging with Serial Monitor: ............................................................................................................................ 12

Working Process ...............................................................................................................................................................12
 Day time: ............................................................................................................................................................... 12
 Night time: .............................................................................................................................................................12
BLOCK DIAGRAM ..............................................................................................................................................................13
EXPLANATION ...............................................................................................................................................................13
Power Supply ............................................................................................................................................................13
Arduino Board .......................................................................................................................................................... 13
Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) / Light Sensor ........................................................................................................ 13
Relay Module ........................................................................................................................................................... 13
Street Light (LED Bulb or Traditional Light) ..............................................................................................................13
Connections ..............................................................................................................................................................13
Optional Components .............................................................................................................................................. 14
APPLICATIONS OF AUTOMATIC STREET LIGHT USING ARDUINO .................................................................................... 14
1. Energy-Efficient Street Lighting ................................................................................................................................14
2. Traffic-Controlled Lighting ....................................................................................................................................... 14
3. Smart City Infrastructure ..........................................................................................................................................14
4. Security Lighting ....................................................................................................................................................... 14
5. Environmentally Adaptive Lighting .......................................................................................................................... 14
CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................................................... 15
REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................................................... 15
 7

AUTOMATIC STREET LIGHT USING ARDUINO

ABSTRACT
Automatic Street Light Control System is a simple yet powerful concept, which uses
transistor as a switch. By using this system manual works are 100% removed. It
automatically switches ON lights when the sunlight goes below the visible region of our
eyes. This is done by a sensor called Light Dependant Resistor (LDR) which senses the light
actually like our eyes. It automatically switches OFF lights whenever the sunlight comes,
visible to our eyes. By using this system energy consumption is also reduced because
nowadays the manually operated street lights are not switched off even the sunlight comes
and also switched on earlier before sunset. In this project, no need of manual operation like
ON time and OFF time setting. This project clearly demonstrates the working of transistor in
saturation region and cut-off region. The working of relay is also known.

INRODUCTION
Street lights are an important part of any developing society. They are present in all major
highways and in the suburban areas too. In present scenario, Lights are switched on in the
evening before the sun sets and they are switched off the next day morning after there is
sufficient light on the outside which leads to wastage of power. In order to conserve our
environment we need to save power.Lights should be switched on when there is absolute
darkness and switched off when not necessary.Smart Street lights play a very important role
in the world of economy as well as in daily life too. In this project work, due to automatic
control of streetlights power is saved to great extent.

OBJECTIVE
In the existing system, the street lights are manually Switched ON and OFF so we need man
power to maintain these activities.
We have proposed a system in which we don’t require man power for controlling the street
Lights.
Using smart street light we can save lot of energy. We can save loss of energy and also
reduce the human efforts.
It is a perfect solution for energy saving especially in Public lighting management
 8

Key Features:
1. Light-dependent operation

 LDR Sensor (Light Dependent Resistor) detects the ambient light.

 Street lights automatically turn on at dusk and off at dawn.

2. Energy Efficiency

 Ensures optimized energy usage by operating only during low light conditions.
 Can be integrated with LED streetlights, reducing electricity consumption.

3. Arduino-based control

 The Arduino micro-controller processes sensor input and switches the lights.
 Can be easily programmed for custom schedules or conditions.

4. Real-time Monitoring and Control

 Possible to integrate sensors like PIR (Passive Infrared) to detect motion, turning
lights on only when needed (for additional energy savings).

5. Low Maintenance

 Automated operation minimizes manual intervention and labor.

 Alerts for malfunction detection can be implemented.

6. Cost-effective

 Uses low-cost sensors (LDR, Arduino boards) and simple circuitry.

 Saves on long-term energy and maintenance costs.

7. Scalability and Flexibility

 The system can be expanded to cover large areas.

 Flexible to integrate with solar panels or battery backup for off-grid applications.

8. Environment-friendly

 Encourages sustainable practices by reducing unnecessary power usage.

 Can be combined with smart city initiatives for further automation.
 9

COMPONENTS OF AUTOMATIC STREET LIGHT USING ARDUINO

1. Arduino Board (e.g., Arduino UNO)

 Function: Acts as the brain of the system, processing input from sensors and
controlling the streetlight (LED or relay).
 Recommended Model: Arduino UNO or Arduino Nano (depending on project size and
space).

2. Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) or Photo resistor

 Function: Detects ambient light levels. When it gets dark, the resistance increases,
triggering the Arduino to urn on the light.
 Role in Project: Helps in sensing whether it’s day or night.

3. LED or High-Power Bulb (Light Source)

 Function: Acts as the streetlight. In real implementations, high-power LED or CFLs are
used.
 Role in Project: Lights up when the system detects darkness.
 Optional: A relay module may be required for high-power lights.

4. Relay Module (for High Voltage Control)

 Function: Used to control high-voltage bulbs safely. The Arduino outputs a low-
voltage signal to trigger the relay, which turns on/off the high-voltage light.
 Role in Project: Interface between the Arduino and external AC-powered lights.

5. Resistors (for LDR circuit)

 Function: Balances the sensitivity of the LDR in the circuit by forming a voltage
divider.
 Typical Value: 10kΩ to 100kΩ (depending on the LDR).

6. Connecting Wires and Breadboard/PCB

 Function: Used to connect components in the prototype. A breadboard is helpful for

testing, and a PCB can be used for a permanent setup.
 10

WORKING PRINCIPLE
LDR detects light intensity

 During the day, the LDR senses high light intensity (more ambient light), resulting in low
resistance.
 During the night, the ambient light reduces, causing the LDR resistance to increase.

Arduino reads LDR values

 The LDR is connected to an analog input pin of the Arduino. As light levels change, the
Arduino reads the varying voltage levels from the LDR.

Decision-making by Arduino

 If the light intensity falls below a predefined threshold value, the Arduino turns ON the
streetlight.
 If the intensity is above the threshold, it turns the light OFF.

Relay module controls the street light

 The Arduino controls a relay module, which acts as a switch to control high-voltage
streetlights.
 When the relay is activated, the streetlight turns ON; otherwise, it remains OFF.

Circuit Diagram
 LDR and Resistor:
Connect the LDR and 10kΩ resistor in
series between 5V and GND. The junction
of the LDR and resistor goes to A0 (analog
input pin) of Arduino.

 Relay Module:
Connect the control pin of the relay
module to any digital pin of the Arduino
(e.g., D7).

 Power and Street light:

Use the NO (Normally Open) terminal of
the relay to connect the streetlight.
 11

ARDIUNO CODE :
const int LDR_PIN = A0; // LDR connected to A0

const int RELAY_PIN = 7; // Relay module connected to D7

int threshold = 500; // Adjust based on ambient conditions

void setup() {

pinMode(RELAY_PIN, OUTPUT); // Set relay pin as output

digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, LOW); // Initially turn OFF relay

Serial.begin(9600); // For debugging via Serial Monitor

void loop() {

int lightValue = analogRead(LDR_PIN); // Read LDR value

Serial.println(lightValue); // Print value for debugging

if (lightValue < threshold) {

digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, HIGH); // Turn ON streetlight

} else {

digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, LOW); // Turn OFF streetlight

delay(1000); // Wait 1 second before next reading

}
 12

Explanation of the Code:

 Reading Light Intensity:

The LDR's value is read using analogRead(). The range is 0 to 1023, where lower values
indicate darkness, and higher values indicate bright conditions.
 Threshold Comparison:
If the light value falls below the threshold (indicating darkness), the relay is activated to
turn on the streetlight. If it’s above the threshold, the relay is deactivated.
 Debugging with Serial Monitor:
The code prints the LDR value to the Serial Monitor, which helps in determining the
correct threshold value during setup.

Working Process
 Day time:

LDR detects sufficient light, and the Arduino keeps the relay in the LOW state. The
streetlight remains OFF.

 Night time:

When ambient light decreases, the LDR value drops below the threshold, and the Arduino
turns the relay ON, lighting up the streetlight.
 13

BLOCK DIAGRAM
EXPLANATION

Power Supply

 Provides the required power to

the Arduino and other
components.
 Converts AC mains to a
regulated DC voltage, usually
5V or 12V depending on the
setup.

Arduino Board

 Acts as the brain of the system,

controlling the street lights
based on sensor inputs.
 Runs the logic (code) to turn
the light ON or OFF based on
ambient light levels.

Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) / Light Sensor

 Detects the ambient light intensity.

 Sends an analog signal to the Arduino based on the light level (high value for dark,
low value for bright conditions).

Relay Module

 Works as a switch controlled by the Arduino to turn the street lights ON or OFF.
 The relay isolates the Arduino from the high-voltage street light system.

Street Light (LED Bulb or Traditional Light)

 The load to be controlled—can be an LED or other form of street light.

Connections

 Wires connect the power source, sensors, relay, and street light with the Arduino.
 14

Optional Components

 Motion Sensor (PIR Sensor): Detects motion and enhances efficiency by turning the
lights ON only when movement is detected.
 Real-Time Clock (RTC Module): Controls the street light based on time schedules
(day-night cycle).
 Monitoring System (Wi-Fi/Bluetooth Module): For remote monitoring or control via
a smartphone or computer.

APPLICATIONS OF AUTOMATIC STREET LIGHT USING ARDUINO

1. Energy-Efficient Street Lighting

 Operation: Lights turn on only when it’s dark or based on environmental lighting
conditions (LDR sensors).
 Benefit: Reduces energy consumption by eliminating unnecessary lighting during the
day.

2. Traffic-Controlled Lighting

 Operation: Motion sensors (like PIR or ultrasonic sensors) detect vehicle or

pedestrian movement, turning lights on only when needed.
 Application: Useful for highways or low-traffic roads to conserve energy.

3. Smart City Infrastructure

 Integration: Can be connected to IoT platforms for remote monitoring and

management.
 Benefit: Authorities can monitor light status, detect faults, and predict maintenance.

4. Security Lighting

 Operation: Automatically turns on at night to illuminate public spaces, preventing

crime.
 Application: Can be used in parks, public squares, or residential areas.

5. Environmentally Adaptive Lighting

 Operation: Sensors adjust brightness based on weather conditions (fog, heavy rain)
or ambient light levels.
 Benefit: Ensures proper illumination without wasting energy.
 15

CONCLUSION

The Automatic Street Light system using Arduino provides an efficient, cost-effective,
and eco-friendly solution for street lighting. The project demonstrates how technology can
be leveraged to automate lighting systems based on ambient light conditions. Below are
key conclusions from this project:

 Energy Efficiency:
The lights only turn on when necessary (during low light conditions) and remain off
during the day, significantly reducing energy consumption.
 Cost-Effective:
Automating the lighting system minimizes manual intervention and reduces electricity
bills by ensuring the lights are not unnecessarily left on.
 Environmental Impact:
Efficient energy use contributes to reducing the carbon footprint and aligns with
sustainable development goals.
 Scalability:
This system can be expanded for use in larger networks of streetlights by integrating
wireless communication modules or IoT platforms.
 Maintenance Reduction:
Automation reduces human errors and minimizes the need for manual monitoring,
lowering maintenance efforts and costs.
 Real-World Application:
The use of sensors like LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) ensures accurate detection of
light intensity, making it suitable for real-time street lighting needs.
 Future Improvements:
Additional features such as motion detection, dimming controls, or remote monitoring
through IoT platforms could further enhance the system’s performance and usability.

REFERENCES
1. D.A.Devi and A. Kumar,”Design and Implementation of CPLD based Solar Power Saving
System for Street Lights and Automatic Traffic Controller”, International Journal of
Scientific and Research Publications. (November2012)
2. Amul Shravan kumar Jalan,” A Survey on Automatic Street Lightning System on Indian
Streets Using Arduino”.IJIRSET (March 2017)
3. Aishwarya .N,Patil, AshwinTripathi ,S.A. Fanan, ”Intelligent Street-Light System using
Arduino UNO”,International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing(May2017)