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IT in Business - Session 7

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8 views35 pages

IT in Business - Session 7

Uploaded by

Wanya Muammar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Course:

IT in
Business
Instructor:
Hafsa Naeem
Session 7

Database Management

Fundamental Data
Concepts

Database Structures &


Development
Technical Foundations of
Database Management

1. Data Management
2. Database
3. Data Warehouse
4. Database Management Systems
(DBMSs)
Technical Foundations of
Database Management

Data management is the


management of the flow of data Data
from creation and initial storage to Management
the time when the data become
obsolete and are deleted.
Technical Foundations of
Database Management

Databases are collections of Databases


data sets or records stored in a
systematic way.
Technical Foundations of
Database Management

Character Field Record File Database


Technical Foundations of
Database Management

Character Field Record File Database

Element in a Attribute of Collection Collection Collection


field the of Fields of Records of Files
elements Rows or Word File,
Columns Image File
DATABASE

A database is an integrated collection of logically related data


elements
The most basic logical data element is the character, which
consists of a single alphabetic, numeric, or other symbol.
The next higher level of data is the field, or data item. A field
consists of a grouping of related characters. Specifically, a
data field represents an attribute (a characteristic or quality) of
some entity (object, person, place, or event)
All of the fields used to capture, organize, and store the
attributes of an entity are grouped to form a record.
A group of related records is a data file (sometimes referred to
as a table or flat file).
Technical Foundations of
Database Management

Data warehouses integrate data from


multiple databases and data silos across
the organization, and organize them for Data
complex analysis knowledge discovery, Warehouse
and to support decision-making.
Technical Foundations of
Database Management

For example, data are extracted from a


database, processed to standardize their
format, and then loaded into data Data
warehouses at specific times, such as Warehouse
weekly. As such, data in data warehouses
are nonvolatile—and are ready for analysis.
Technical Foundations of
Database Management

Database management systems (DBMSs)


are software used to manage the additions,
updates, and deletions of data as
transactions occur, and to support data DBMS
queries and reporting. They are online
transaction-processing
(OLTP) systems.
DBMS Functions
TOP 5 DBMS

1. Oracle 12c Database


2. Microsoft SQL Server
3. IBM DB2
DBMS
4. SAP Sybase ASE
5. PostgreSQL
TOP 5 DBMS
1. Oracle 12c Database: Cloud-ready with multi-user
architecture and in-memory processing for rapid
provisioning.
2. Microsoft SQL Server: Ideal for Microsoft-centric
enterprises due to ease of use, availability, and Windows
integration.
3. IBM DB2: A versatile database widely used in data centers,
compatible with various platforms.
4. SAP Sybase ASE: A robust database with 25 years of
success, featuring advanced features like partition locking
and query optimization.
5. PostgreSQL: The go-to open-source database for online
applications, compatible with multiple operating systems.
Database Strructures

Heirarchial
Network
Relational
Multi dimensional
Object oriented
Database Structures

Hierarchical Structure
Relationships between records form a hierarchy or
treelike structure
One-to-many
Eg., Navigation file, site map of a website
Network Structure
Network model can access a data element by
following one of several paths because any data
element or record can be related to any number of
other data elements
Many-to-many
Database Structures

Relational Structure
All data elements within the database are viewed as
being stored in the form of simple two-dimensional
tables - realtions
The tables in a relational database are flat files that
have rows and columns
Object Oriented Structure
Handle complex types of data (graphics, pictures,
voice, and text) more easily than other database
structures
Factors That Determine the
Performance of a DBMS

1. Data latency
2. Ability to handle the volatility of the data
3. Query response time
4. Data consistency
5. Query predictability
6. Query processing capabilities
Types of Databases
Operational Databases
Support the business processes and operations of a
company
E.g. Customer Database, Human Resource Database
Online Transaction Processing (OLTP)
Distributed Databases
Replicates data across multiple servers
Data is stored across different physical locations
May be stored in multiple computers located in the
same physical location; or maybe dispersed over a
network of interconnected computers.
E.g. company branch data
SQL, MongoDB
Types of Databases

External Databases
Available for a fee from commercial online services
and with or without charge from many sources on the
World Wide Web
E.g. Search engines
Hyperlinked Databases
Consists of Hyperlinked pages of multimedia (text,
graphic and photographic images, video clips, audio
segments, and so on).
E.g. the set of interconnected multimedia pages on a
Web site
DATA MINING

Data mining is a major use of data


warehouse databases and the static
data they contain.

In data mining, the data in a data


warehouse are analyzed to reveal
hidden patterns and trends in
historical business activity
DATA MINING

Many companies use data mining to:

• Perform market-basket analysis to identify


new product bundles.
• Find root causes of quality or
manufacturing problems.
• Prevent customer attrition and acquire
new customers.
• Cross-sell to existing customers.
• Profile customers with more accuracy.
THANKS!

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