Healthcare System in India

HEALTH CARE SYSTEM IN
INDIA
OBJECTIVES
• Introduction
• Historical
• Structure
• Financing
• Interventional
• Preventive
• Resources
• Major health issues
• Disparities
INTRODUCTION
• Population of India is 140.76 crore.
• Land area is 2,973,192,059 square km.
• The largest ethnic group are Indo-Aryan and Dravidian.
• The major religion are Hindu, Muslim, Sikh and Christian.
• It has low literacy rate and has high infant mortality.
• India is a male-dominated society. Women are subservient to males.
HISTORICAL
• Indians practice what is called Ayurvedic medicine (Also called
Ayurveda) a traditional medicine utilizing the healing arts that
balances the use of herbal remedies and medical practices.
• Many rural and urban population rely on alternative treatments such
as Acupuncture, Ayurvedic and Unani medicine.
• Ayurvedic medicine is one of the oldest systems of medicine in the
world. It is accredited with lying the foundation for Chinese medicine.
• Similarly Unani medicine is based on the humoral theory that
presupposes the presence of four humors: Blood, Phlegm, Yellow bile,
Black bile.
STRUCTURE
• There is shortage of health provider in India. 40% of the Primary
Health Centers are understaffed.
• According to WHO India produces over 25,000 physicians annually in
the modern system of medicine, yet there remains a shortage of not
only physicians but nurses and paramedics.
• India licenses approximately 18,000 new physicians every year, as
many migrates to more prosperous, developing countries to practice.
• India has a large gap in the availability of hospital beds to serve the
people in rural areas.
• Its infrastructure has failed to keep pace with the growing economy.
FINANCING
• India’s healthcare system is grossly inadequate and underfunded.
• The state government contributes approximately 15.2% to the
financing of the healthcare, the central government contributes 5.2%,
3rd party infrastructure companies and employers contribute 3.3%
and municipal and foreign donors contributes an additional 1.3%.
• The government run General Insurance Company (GIC) along with
four subsidiaries are major providers of insurance.
• Private sector accounts for more than 80% of total healthcare
expenditure in India.
INTERVENTIONAL
• Approximately 70% of hospitals in India are private sector owned and
operated.
• One of the most significant attempts at providing quality care
interventions in India is the promotion of the use of Primary health
centers in delivery of care. However, these centers are understaffed,
personnel are underpaid, and equipment and supplies are lacking.
• Approximately one million people die each year because of the
insufficient treatment facilities and lack of personnel to meet the
care demands of the country.
INTERVENTIONAL
• Telemedicine is an approach to practicing medicine that allows for the
diagnosis and treatment of disease remotely over long distances by
use of videoconferencing, cabled workers, and internet
• India lacks a clear policy or strategy for the development of
healthcare for older people.
PREVENTIVE
• Prevention perhaps most serious challenge in Indian healthcare partly
because of inadequate funding and a disparity in regards to access
especially for poor people.
• Because health insurance is inaccessible to large numbers of Indians,
prevention is a major problem.
• All over the India a vast number of its poorest residents are packed
together in what is being referred to as the new slums. These
community lack clean water, electricity, sanitation. These conditions
are perfect breeding grounds for disease, especially infections.
PREVENTIVE
• People living in the more permanent building structures exhibit
similar health problems. Prevention under these circumstances is
difficult.
• There has also been an increase in some of the top diseases such as
cardiovascular disease and diabetes that are seen in developed world.
RESOURCES
• Family is the major resource in India.
• Despite the customs, language, religion or caste differences, Indians
live together, relatively harmoniously.
MAJOR HEALTH ISSUES
• Ischemic heart disease
• Lower respiratory infection
• Cerebrovascular disease (Stroke)
• Perinatal conditions
• COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)
• Diarrheal disease
• Tuberculosis
• HIV/AIDS
• Road traffic accidents
• Self-inflicted injuries
HEALTH DISPARITIES
• India has one of the lowest life expectancies and highest infant and child
mortality rates.
• There is also a rural/urban divide in India reflected by major access problems
especially in rural areas of India.

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