GE3151 Problem Solving and Python Programming

ALOK KUMAR
Assistant Professor/CSE
Government College of Engineering, Dharmapuri
OBJECTIVES
● To understand the basics of algorithmic problem solving.
● To learn to solve problems using Python conditionals and loops.
● To define Python functions and use function calls to solve problems.
● To use Python data structures - lists, tuples, dictionaries to represent
complex data.
● To do input/output with files in Python.

Government College of Engineering, Dharmapuri (ALOK KUMAR, A.P/CSE)

SYLLABUS

Government College of Engineering, Dharmapuri (ALOK KUMAR, A.P/CSE)

 Practical Syllabus

Government College of Engineering, Dharmapuri (ALOK KUMAR, A.P/CSE)

Government College of Engineering, Dharmapuri (ALOK KUMAR, A.P/CSE)
BOOKS

1. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1R3-xjos7u_MqPPY8Dy_oyIMz32nn9ExD/view?usp=sharing

2. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1pRs9tiNcxqqluZIk1FR-3OYAh1Biug51/view?usp=sharing

Government College of Engineering, Dharmapuri (ALOK KUMAR, A.P/CSE)

 Unit 2: Data, Expressions, Statements
Python:
● It is a programming language
● developed by Guido Van Rossum in 1990

Features of Python:
1. Open Source
2. Easy to Learn
3. High Level Language
4. Portable
5. Object Oriented

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Compiler vs Interpreter:

Government College of Engineering, Dharmapuri (ALOK KUMAR, A.P/CSE)

Uses of Python:
● Web Development
● Graphical user Interface
● Game Programming
● Database access and Programming
● Web scripting (to create dynamic web pages)

Python IDLE (Integrated Development Environment):

● Download Python 3.9.0 (https://www.python.org/downloads/) and install
OR
● Use online python interpreter (https://www.onlinegdb.com/online_python_interpreter)

Python IDLE Modes:

1. Interactive Mode
2. Development Mode

Government College of Engineering, Dharmapuri (ALOK KUMAR, A.P/CSE)

1. Interactive Mode
● With this mode we can interact with IDLE directly
● this mode we can search in computer by typing IDLE
● In this we can execute python command directly and easily

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2. Development Mode
● for executing lengthy programs we can use this mode
● In this mode for making program firstly open New File and Type program in opened window

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● In this mode for saving program we have to click on Save As and we have to give any
file name (for example here hello) and extension as .py

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● In this mode for executing program we have to click on Run or F5 key and in new
window automatically output will come

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Debugging in Python:
● Debugging is the process of detecting and removing of existing and potential errors (also called as 'bugs')
in a program
● Debugging in Python is facilitated by pdb module (python debugger) which comes in-built to the Python
standard library.
● To start debugging within the program just insert import pdb, pdb.set_trace() command

import pdb import pdb

while debugging, found error
pdb.set_trace( ) pdb.set_trace( )
-> print(c)
a=10 a=10
-> c=a+d (Pdb) next
b=20 b=20
(Pdb) next 30
c=a+d c=a+b
NameError: name 'd' is not defined
print(c) print(c)

detection of error after removing error

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Python Data Types:
● Data types are the classification or categorization of data items
● It represents the kind of value that tells what operations can be performed on a particular data

There are various data types in Python:

1. Number (int, float, complex)

2. String
3. Boolean
4. List
5. Tuple
6. Dictionary
7. Set

Government College of Engineering, Dharmapuri (ALOK KUMAR, A.P/CSE)

1. Number:
● Number data type represent the data which has numeric value
● Numeric value can be integer, floating number, complex number
● These values are defined as int, float and complex class in Python

Int:
● It contains positive or negative whole numbers (without fraction or decimal)
For example: a=5
Float:
● It is a real number with floating point representation. It is specified by a decimal point
For example: a = 5.0

Complex:
● It is specified as (real part) + (imaginary part)j
For example: 2+3j

Government College of Engineering, Dharmapuri (ALOK KUMAR, A.P/CSE)

2. String:

● String is a sequence of characters

● we use single quotes or double quotes to represent strings

4th

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3. Boolean:

● Data type with one of the two built-in values, True or False
● It is denoted by the class bool

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4. List:

● List is an ordered sequence of items

● It is one of the most used data type in Python and is very flexible
● All the items in a list do not need to be of the same type
● Lists are mutable

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5. Tuple:

● Tuple is an ordered sequence of items same as a list

● The only difference is that tuples are immutable (not mutable)
● Tuples once created cannot be modified

Government College of Engineering, Dharmapuri (ALOK KUMAR, A.P/CSE)

6. Dictionary:

● Dictionary is an unordered collection of key-value pairs

● It is generally used when we have a huge amount of data
● dictionaries are defined within braces { } with each item being a pair in the form key:value
● Key and value can be of any type

Government College of Engineering, Dharmapuri (ALOK KUMAR, A.P/CSE)

7. Set:

● Set is an unordered collection of unique items

● Set is defined by values separated by comma inside braces { }
● Items in a set are not ordered

Government College of Engineering, Dharmapuri (ALOK KUMAR, A.P/CSE)

Variables:
● Variables are reserved memory locations to store values
● Based on the data type of a variable interpreter allocates memory

Rules for creating variables:

1. Must begin with a letter (a - z, A - Z) or underscore ( _ )

2. Other characters can be letters, numbers or _
3. Variable names are Case Sensitive
4. There are some reserved words which you cannot use as a variable name because
Python uses them for other things

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Keywords:
● keywords are the reserved words
● We cannot use a keyword as a variable name, function name
● keywords are case sensitive

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Expressions:

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Statements:

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Comments:
● Comments can be used to explain Python code
● Comments can be used to make the code more readable

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Government College of Engineering, Dharmapuri (ALOK KUMAR, A.P/CSE)
Operators:
● Operators are special symbols in Python that carry out arithmetic or logical computation
● The value that the operator operates on is called the operand

For example:
>>> 2+3
5

Here,
● + is the operator that performs addition

● 2 and 3 are the operands and 5 is the output of the operation

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Python has a number of operators:

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Government College of Engineering, Dharmapuri (ALOK KUMAR, A.P/CSE)
Government College of Engineering, Dharmapuri (ALOK KUMAR, A.P/CSE)
Government College of Engineering, Dharmapuri (ALOK KUMAR, A.P/CSE)
Government College of Engineering, Dharmapuri (ALOK KUMAR, A.P/CSE)
Precedence of Operators:
● Python uses a rule known as PEMDAS

P – Parentheses
E – Exponentiation
M – Multiplication
D – Division
A – Addition
S – Subtraction
● The precedence of operators is listed from High to low

For Example: ((((6+4)*2)-10)//2)-4*2

Output: -3
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Illustrative Problems:
1) Exchange the value of two variables:
● In this program, we use the t variable to hold the value of variable a temporarily
● We then put the value of variable b in variable a and later variable t in variable b
● In this way, the values get exchanged

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2) Distance between two points:
● The formula for distance between two point (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is:

● distance formula derived from Pythagorean theorem

Government College of Engineering, Dharmapuri (ALOK KUMAR, A.P/CSE)

3) Circulate the values of n variables:
● for circulating the value of n variables we can take input list having n values
● for circulating in positive direction (clockwise direction) we use value of x as positive and for
circulating in negative direction (anticlockwise direction) we use value of x as negative

list=[10,20,30,40,50]
x=2 #Shift 2 location in positive direction (clockwise direction)
print(list[-x : ]+list[ : -x])

Output: [40,50,10,20,30]

Government College of Engineering, Dharmapuri (ALOK KUMAR, A.P/CSE)

 Thanks !

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