AP Precalc 1.10 Rational Functions and Holes 1.

10 Notes
Write your questions
and thoughts here! Holes
Example 1:
Hole(s):

Limit Notation:

lim 𝑓 𝑥 lim 𝑓 𝑥
→ →
As x approaches 3 from As x approaches 3 from
the left the 𝑓 𝑥 … the right the 𝑓 𝑥 …

Example 2:

10𝑥 30
𝑔 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 6

Limit Notation of Hole(s):

Numerically
As x approaches -3 from the left the g 𝑥 … As x approaches -3 from the right the g 𝑥 …
𝒙 𝒈 𝒙 𝒙 𝒈 𝒙
3.1 2.9
3.01 2.99
3.001 2.999
3.0001 2.9999

© The Algebros from FlippedMath.com

Write your questions
Example 3: Can look like polynomials!
and thoughts here!
𝑥 2𝑥 4 𝑥 1
𝑔 𝑥
𝑥 1

Holes
Let 𝑓 be the rational function 𝑓 𝑥 . The holes of the rational function occur at
all common factors whose multiplicity in the numerator is greater than or equal to the
the multiplicity in the denominator.

Multiplicity
Example 4:

𝑥 2
ℎ 𝑥
𝑥 4𝑥 12

Domain:
Vertical Asymptote(s):

Hole(s):
Horizontal Asymptote:

Zero(s):
End Behavior:

© The Algebros from FlippedMath.com

 1.10 Rational Functions and Holes
AP Precalculus
1.10 Practice
Find the hole(s) of the following rational function if one exists.

1. 𝑓 𝑥 2. 𝑑 𝑡 3. ℎ 𝑥

Hole(s): Hole(s): Hole(s):

State the hole(s) of the following rational functions. Use limit notation.
4. 5. 6.

Limit Notation Hole(s): Limit Notation Hole(s): Limit Notation Hole(s):

CALCULATOR ACTIVE Complete the table to answer the following.

7. 𝑓 𝑥

𝑥 3.9 3.99 3.999 4 4.001 4.01 4.1

𝑓 𝑥

Hole: Limit Notation of Hole:

© The Algebros from FlippedMath.com

CALCULATOR ACTIVE Complete the table to answer the following.

8. 𝑓 𝑥

𝑥 2.1 2.01 2.001 2 1.999 1.99 1.9

𝑓 𝑥

Hole: Limit Notation of Hole:

Use the table of the rational function 𝒅 to find the following.

9.
𝒕 𝒅 𝒕
a. Find lim 𝑑 𝑡 b. Find lim 𝑑 𝑡
3.1 4.134 → →
3.01 4.15
3.001 4.1893
3.0001 4.1998
c. As t approaches negative three d. As t approaches negative three
3 undefined
from the left the 𝑑 𝑡 … from the right the 𝑑 𝑡 …
2.9999 4.2014
2.999 4.231
2.99 4.305
2.9 4.37

Use the graph of the rational function 𝒇 to find the following.

10.

a. 𝑓 6 b. 𝑓 2

c. lim 𝑓 𝑥 d. lim 𝑓 𝑥
→ →

e. lim 𝑓 𝑥 f. lim 𝑓 𝑥
→ →

g. lim 𝑓 𝑥 h. lim 𝑓 𝑥
→
→

i. Domain =

© The Algebros from FlippedMath.com

1.10 Rational Functions and Holes 1.10 Test Prep

Multiple Choice
11. The function 𝑓 is given by 𝑓 𝑥 . Which of the following describes the function 𝑓 ?

(A) There is a hole at 𝑥 5.

(B) There is a hole at 𝑥 5.
(C) There is a hole at 𝑥 3.
(D) There is a hole at 𝑥 3.

For questions 12-13 use the graph of 𝒇.

graph of 𝒇

12. The figure shows the graph of a function 𝑓. Which of the following could be an expression for the 𝑓 𝑥 ?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

13. The figure shows the graph of a function 𝑓. Which of the following must be true?
(A) 𝑓 2 0
(B) lim 𝑓 𝑥 ∞
→

(C) lim 𝑓 𝑥 3𝑓 0
→

(D) 𝑓 2 𝑓 0 0

© The Algebros from FlippedMath.com