Unit 7: Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

Learning Objectives
Learners will learn to:

 know that Artificial Intelligence (AI) allows computers to take information from

their surroundings to produce outputs based on how they are able to process

that information.

 explain the use of automation in at least two industries, such as health and

manufacture.

 explain a range of applications of AI, including in image recognition and in

computer games.

Vocabulary
Artificial Intelligence
Natural language processing
Expert systems
Machine learning
Computer vision

Let Us Start

I think Artificial Intelligence is

Hey there! Have you ever
all about creating smart
wondered about the
machines that can perform
fascinating world of Artificial
tasks that typically require
Intelligence?
human intelligence.

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Let Us Explore
Use the link https://rockpaperscissors-ai.vercel.app/ to play the game

rock paper and scissor.

 Start the game by selecting "rock", "scissors" or "paper".

 Choose continuously until you create a pattern.

It is a game based on data for AI where the machine tries to predict

the next move of the participant. It is a replica of basic rock, paper

and scissors game where the machine tries to win ahead by learning from the participant’s

previous moves.

Get, Set, Go
7.1 Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that involves creating

computer systems that can perform tasks that normally require human intelligence.

The goal of AI is to simulate intelligent behaviour in machines, including,

problem-solving, decision-making and natural language processing.

AI is often used in areas such as:

 Robotics – In this, machines are programmed to imitate a human

 Natural language processing – It focuses on the interaction between

computers and humans using natural language.

 Expert systems - These are computers that have been programmed to make

decisions based on information they are given. For example, medical expert

systems can diagnose patients' illnesses based on symptoms entered.

 Machine learning - Machine learning is a subset of AI that focuses on allowing

computers to learn and improve from data without being explicitly

programmed.

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AI systems and IPO
A computer system has input, process and output. Similarly, AI systems also use an

IPO but often take in data automatically without requiring a human to enter it.

AI systems do not use the IPO model in the same way traditional computing systems

might. Still, the fundamental concepts of input, processing and output are inherent in

how AI systems operate.

In AI, the "input" is data, the "process" involves complex algorithms and learning, and

the "output" is intelligent decision-making or actions. The IPO model helps

conceptualize the flow of information and processing in AI systems, even though the

processing stage in AI is considerably more sophisticated and adaptive than

traditional computing models.

 Input (Data): In the context of AI, the input is often data—large volumes of

information from various sources. This data can include text, images, audio, or

any other structured or unstructured data form.

 Process (AI Algorithms): The processing stage involves the application of AI

algorithms. This can include machine learning algorithms that learn patterns

from the input data, make predictions, classify information, or perform other

complex tasks. Deep learning, a subset of machine learning, involves neural

networks that can learn and make decisions similarly to the human brain.

 Output (Intelligent Results): The output of AI systems is intelligent decision-

making, predictions, or actions based on the processed data. For example, an

AI system analyzing medical data might output a diagnosis, an AI-driven

chatbot might respond with human-like conversation, or an autonomous

vehicle might make decisions based on its perception of the environment.

Activity 1
Quick Draw! is an online game developed by Google that asks players to draw a

picture and then uses artificial intelligence to predict what each drawing represents.

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It learns from each drawing and keeps improving its ability to predict correctly in the

future.

 Go to the website Quick, Draw! Drawing game using the link

https://quickdraw.withgoogle.com/

 Click the Let’s Draw button. You will be asked to draw a few objects in a

limited time.

7.2 Automated systems

An automated system refers to a set of processes, tasks or operations performed

with minimal human intervention, using technology and predefined rules.

Automation aims to streamline workflows, enhance efficiency, reduce errors and

increase productivity in various domains.

Here are a few key aspects of automated systems:

 Hardware: The physical components involved, such as sensors, actuators,

robots, and machinery.

 Software: The set of instructions or programs that control and coordinate the

actions of the hardware.

 Control Systems: Mechanisms that regulate and monitor the functioning of

the automated system.

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Automation in the healthcare industry
Automation in the health industry involves using technology to streamline processes,

improve efficiency, and enhance patient care.

Here are several aspects of automation in the health industry:

 Automated systems allow patients to schedule appointments online, receive

reminders, and manage their health information through portals.

 Automation is applied to enable remote patient consultations, monitor vital

signs, and collect health data using wearable devices and sensors.

 Automated medication dispensing systems in hospitals and pharmacies

ensure accurate and timely distribution of medications.

 Laboratory automation improves efficiency, reduces turnaround times for test

results, and minimizes the risk of errors associated with manual processes.

Automation in the manufacturing industry

Automation in the manufacturing industry involves using various technologies and

systems to perform tasks with minimal human intervention. This integration of

automation aims to enhance efficiency, reduce costs, improve quali ty, and increase

production output.

Here are key aspects of automation in the manufacturing industry:

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  Robotic arms and machines are used for assembly tasks, such as welding,

painting, and precision placement of components.

 Conveyor belts and robotic systems are used to move and transport materials

within manufacturing facilities.

 Industrial robots are versatile machines used for various manufacturing tasks,

including material handling, assembly, and packaging.

 Automated systems track and manage inventory levels, reorder supplies when

necessary, and provide real-time visibility into stock.

7.3 Application of AI
Artificial Intelligence has a wide range of applications across various industries. Here

are some notable applications of AI.

Image Recognition
AI is widely used in image recognition tasks, where algorithms are trained to identify

and classify objects or patterns within images.

 Facial Recognition: Used in security systems, social media tagging, and

identity verification.

 Medical Imaging: Assists in analysing medical images for diagnosis and

treatment planning.

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  Object Recognition: Enables automation in manufacturing, quality control, and

autonomous vehicles.

 Satellite Image Analysis: Used for agriculture, urban planning, and

environmental monitoring.

Computer Games
AI is used in computer games to create intelligent virtual characters, optimize

gameplay and enhance the gaming experience.

 Non-Player Character (NPC) Behavior: Creates realistic and adaptive

behaviours for in-game characters.

 Content Generation: Generates game levels, environments, and content

dynamically.

 Player Behavior Prediction: Analyzes player behaviour to personalise gaming

experiences.

Activity 2
AutoDraw is an AI-powered drawing tool developed by Google. It helps users create

drawings or sketches, even with limited artistic abilities. The main feature of

AutoDraw is its ability to recognize doodles and suggest more polished drawings or

icons.

 Go to https://www.autodraw.com/

 Select a new page and use AutoDraw tool to draw the required drawing.

 Observe the top bar with the suggested figure and click on the required

drawing.

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Unit Review
1. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that involves

creating computer systems that can perform tasks that normally require

human intelligence.

2. AI is often used in areas such as robotics, Natural language processing, Expert

systems and Machine learning.

3. In AI, the "input" is data, the "process" involves complex algorithms and

learning, and the "output" is intelligent decision-making or actions.

4. An automated system refers to a set of processes, tasks or operations

performed with minimal human intervention, using technology and

predefined rules.

5. Automation in the health industry involves using technology to streamline

processes, improve efficiency, and enhance patient care.

6. Automation in the manufacturing industry involves using various technologies

and systems to perform tasks with minimal human intervention.

7. Artificial Intelligence has a wide range of applications across various industries.

Here are some notable applications of AI. Image Recognition and Computer

games.

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 8. AI is widely used in image recognition tasks, where algorithms are trained to

identify and classify objects or patterns within images.

9. AI is used in computer games to create intelligent virtual characters, optimize

gameplay and enhance the gaming experience.

Check for Understanding

1. Categorise the following examples into ‘AI’ or ‘Not AI’.
a. Self-driving car

b. Food processor

c. Snapchat face filter

d. Automatic door

e. Automatic Car

f. Autonomous robot dog

g. Chatbots

h. Remote control robot

AI Not AI

2. Answer the following questions.

a. What is the primary goal of Artificial Intelligence?
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b. Explain how the Input-Process-Output (IPO) model is applied in the Artificial

Intelligence (AI) systems.

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c. Describe the concept of Computer Vision in AI using an example.

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Lab Activity
Q1. Create a presentation on automated systems. The presentation should include:

 Any one automated industry

 Application of AI in the industry

 Advantages and disadvantages

Q2. Open the link https://www.chesskid.com/play/computer. Play the game of chess

and identify how AI is being used.

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Resources
https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/science-projects/artificial-intelligence/sixth-grade

Reference Material
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x3rOPjaKgBI

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