BPSC PYQ Science English Pram IAS.

Telegram Channel Visit Our Website
https://t.me/pramias1
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
SCIENCE
1) Which of the following are not the tastes of the tongue? (69th BPSC)
1. Sweet
2. Bitter
3. Salty
4. Spicy
5. Umami
6. Sour
7. Pungent
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
A. 2, 5 and 7
B. 1, 3 and 4
C. 4 and 7
D. 3 and 6
Ans. C. 4 and 7
The traditional five basic tastes, such as sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami, have been part of our understanding of
taste for years. However, recent scientific research has unveiled evidence of a sixth basic taste sensation.
2) Which of the following pairs are correctly matched? (69th BPSC)

1. Anorexia : Sleep disorder
2. Insomnia : Eating disorder
3. Dyspnoea : Shortness of breath
4. Anosmia : Partial or full loss of smell
A. Only 1 and 2
B. Only 2 and 3
C. Only 3 and 4
D. All of the above
Ans. C. Only 3 and 4
 Anorexia is associated with ‘Eating disorder’
 Insomnia – Sleep disorder
 Dyspnoea - Shortness of breath
 Ansomia is associated with ‘Partial or full loss of smell’.
3) In the universe, what are pulsars? (69th BPSC)

A. A group of stars
B. Rotating neutron stars
C. Explosion of a star
D. Radio waves emitted by a star
Ans. B. Rotating neutron stars
Pulsars are neutron stars which rotate on their axis. The rotation creates the pulses. They may or may not be created
by the supernovas.
4) In the context of lab-grown diamonds (LGDs), what is used as a diamond seed? (69th BPSC)
A. White sapphire
B. Moissanite
C. Graphite
D. Cubic zirconia (CZ)
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Ans. C. Graphite
Diamond structure can be produced by graphite only by applying temperature of 3000k and pressure of 125000
atmosphere. Catalysts such as chromium, Iron or platinum may be use.
White Sapphire is Aluminium Oxide. It cannot form diamond which is pure carbon
5) What is the ‘fibre’ used to make bulletproof jackets? (69th BPSC)

A. Nylon
B. Terylene
C. Tweed
D. Kevlar
Ans. D. Kevlar
Kevlar is a polymer of p-phenylenediamine and Terephthalic acid. The fibre produced has ten times greater tensile
strength than steel.
Uses of Nylon
 Clothing – Shirts, Foundation garments, lingerie, raincoats, underwear, swimwear and cycle wear.
 Industrial uses – Conveyer and seat belts, parachutes, airbags, nets and ropes, tarpaulins, thread, and tents.
 It is used to make a fishnet.
 It is used as plastic in manufacturing machine parts
Tweed
Tweed is a rough, woollen fabric, of a soft, open, flexible texture, resembling cheviot or homespun, but more closely
woven. It is usually woven with a plain weave, twill or herringbone structure. Colour effects in the yarn may be
obtained by mixing dyed wool before it is spun.
Terylene
Polyester (commonly referred to as Terylene) is resistant to stretching, shrinking, wrinkling and abrasion. This makes
it popular for use in the manufacture of sleeves and connectors in product transfer applications.
6) What is/are the full form(s) of HMX? (69th BPSC)

1. High Melting Explosive
2. High-Density Monoatomic Xenon
3. Hedge Monetizing Xenocurrency
4. Her Majesty’s Explosive
A. 1 and 2
B. 2 and 3
C. Only 1
D. 1 and 4
Ans. C. Only 1
HMX (Octogen) is an acronym for High Melting eXplosive. It is also known as octogen and cyclotetramethylene-
tetranitramine, as well as by other names. It is a colorless solid that dissolves slightly in water.
7) What is the name of Tesla’s humanoid robot launched in October 2022? (69th BPSC)
A. Sophia
B. Atlas
C. Pepper
D. Optimus
Ans. D. Optimus
Tesla CEO Elon Musk released AI-powered humanoid robot, ‘Optimus’, engaging in various activities in October 2022
8) What is the ‘Manhattan Project’? (69th BPSC)

A. A research and development undertaking that produced the first nuclear weapons
B. One of the largest art auctions of the world
C. A real estate project in New York City
D. A famous theme park
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Ans. A. A research and development undertaking that produced the first nuclear weapons
The Manhattan Project has a top secret research and development undertaking, by USA, to make atomic bomb
during World War II.
9) The image formed by concave mirror is real, inverted and of the same size as that of the object. The
position of the object should be (69th BPSC)
A. at the focus
B. at the centre of curvature
C. between the focus and centre of curvature
D. beyond the centre of curvature
Ans. B. at the centre of curvature
When the object is at the centre of curvature (C) of the concave mirror then the image formed is real, inverted and of
the same size as that of the object and the image forms at the centre of curvature itself.
10) A photoelectric cell is a device which (69th BPSC)

A. converts light energy into electric energy
B. converts electric energy into light energy
C. stores light energy
D. None of the above
Ans. A. converts light energy into electric energy
A photo electric cell such as solar cell or photo transistor converts light energy into electric energy.
Name of apparatus Transformation of energy
Dynamo Conversion of mechanical energy into electric energy
Electric motor Conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy
Microphone Conversion of sound energy into electrical energy
Loudspeaker Conversion of electric energy into sound energy
Solar cell Conversion of solar energy into electrical energy
Tubelight Conversion of electric energy into light energy
Electric bulb Conversion of electric energy into heat and light energy
Electric cell Conversion of chemical into electric energy
Candle Conversion of chemical energy into heat and light energy
Sitar Conversion of mechanical energy into sound energy
11) The amount of solute present per unit volume or per unit mass of the solution/solvent is known as
_____ in Chemistry. (69th BPSC)
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
A. composition of solute
B. concentration of solvent
C. concentration of solute
D. concentration of solution
Ans. D. concentration of solution
The amount of solute present per unit volume or unit mass of the solution/solvent is known as the Concentration of
a solution. SI unit is moles per cubic meter. The number of moles of solute = mass of solute (in gm) / molar mass of
solute.
12) How do COVID vaccines stimulate an immune response?(69th BPSC)

A. By introducing live attenuated SARS-CoV-2 virus
B. By introducing a real SARS-CoV-2 virus
C. By introducing a harmless piece of SARS-CoV-2 virus
D. By introducing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 virus
Ans. A. By introducing live attenuated SARS-CoV-2 virus
Immune responses can be stimulated in host by introducing live, attenuated pathogen i.e SARS CoV2 virus.
Option ‘B’ and option ‘D’ are not associated with the mechanism of stimulating immune response by covid vaccines.
The statement made in option ‘C’ is unscientific. WHO recommended two main types of SARS CoV2 vaccines- 1.
mRNA vaccines 2. Vector vaccines.
Recently, Novavax Inc. Maryland, USA has made covid vaccine using spike protein of omicron variant XBVB.1.5 and
FDA has granted its emergency use authorization to the people of age of 12 and above, who has not received their
updated mRNA vaccines on 3rd Oct 2023. Nevertheless, the introduction of adjuvanated spike protein can’t be
considered as harmless piece, since it is the main component of the virus through which it enters the host and
spread the infection.
13) Which of the following liquids is a bad conductor of electricity? (69th BPSC)
A. Salted water
B. Orange juice
C. Lemon juice
Ans. D. None of the above
A salt water is completely ionized in water. Hence it is a good conductor of electricity. Orange and Lemon juice
contain various salts and acids and are therefore good conductors of electricity. 'D' is the only option for a bad
conductor.
14) The DNA double helix structure was discovered by (69th BPSC)
A. James Watson and Francis Crick
B. Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins
C. Linus Pauling
D. Gregor Mendel
Ans. A. James Watson and Francis Crick
James Watson and Francis crick received Nobel Prize, 1943 for their model of DNA double helix structure.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
15) Two objects of different masses falling freely near the surface of the Moon would (69th BPSC)
A. have different accelerations
B. undergo a change in their inertia
C. have same velocity at any instant
D. experience forces of same magnitude
Ans. C. have same velocity at any instant
The Question does not give the parameters for height and time. Assuming that both objects are dropped at the same
time from the same reasonable height, they will have "The same velocity at any instant" as they fall freely near the
surface of the moon
16) How do vector vaccines work to provide immunity? (69th BPSC)

A. By introducing a weakened or inactivated virus into the body
B. By directly attacking and destroying pathogens in the body
C. By placing the virus in a modified version of a different virus
D. By entering directly into the cells and enabling them to create spike proteins
Ans. C. By placing the virus in a modified version of a different virus
Vector vaccine refers to the introduction of viral gene into a harmless virus (adeuo virus) i.e. Modified version of
another virus, which is then introduced in the host body to stimulate immune response. Hence option 'C' is correct.
Option 'A' and 'B' are not related to vector vaccines. Option 'D' is one of the principles of vaccines against SARS "-
COV-2 but no vector was used in this technology.
17) What is the expanded form of the term ‘mRNA’ that has been widely discussed since the beginning of
the pandemic? (69th BPSC)
A. Messenger Ribonucleic Acid
B. Mutant Ribonucleic Acid
C. Modified Ribonucleic Acid
D. Mnemonic Ribonucleic Acid
Ans. A. Messenger Ribonucleic Acid
mRNA stands for messenger RiboNucleic Acid and is the single stranded molecule that carries the instructions to
make proteins. During pandemic mRNA is detected by RT-PCR for diagnosis of disease
18) An AC current can be produced by (69th BPSC)

A. choke coil
B. dynamo
C. transformer
Ans. B. Dynamo
An AC current is produces by a Dynamo which is called AC Dynamo or Alternator. This is done by rotating a coil or
Armature within the magnetic field created by field coils. If a DC current is required it can be supplied by a
commutator in a DC Dynamo.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
19) Current density is (69th BPSC)

A. a scalar quantity
B. a vector quantity
C. dimensionless
Ans. B. a vector quantity
Before thinking about the question, we will understand the concepts of vector and scalar quantity. A quantity that
has magnitude, as well as direction is known as vector quantity but it doesn’t have a position, it is represented by an
arrow. Some examples of vector quantity are velocity and force and the other side a quantity that has only
magnitude, no direction is known as a scalar quantity. Some examples of scalar quantity are mass and speed.
Now, we will understand the current and current density. Current is produced when electric charge flows in a
direction. Its unit is Ampere. The current is a scalar quantity. Now, we will be able to understand the concept of
current density - The amount of current flowing in per unit area is known as the current density. It is the ratio of the
amount of current flowing and the area of current flowing, the current density is represented asJand its unit
is Ampere/m2. Current density is a vector quantity because it’s a product of charge density and velocity, here charge
density is a scalar quantity and velocity is a vector quantity, which makes current density also a vector quantity.
20) What is the basis of most useful classification of medications in medical chemistry? (69th BPSC)
A. Pharmacological
B. Molecular targets
C. Chemical structure
Ans. B. Molecular targets
 We have to know that during the design of drugs which have various classification in medical chemistry. There
are,
o Based on the chemical structure of the drug
o Based on the drug action in our body
o Based on the solubility of the drug
o Based on the molecular target
o Based on the pharmaceutical effect of the drug.
 We must remember that the one drug designed for the guest and host method is the correct way. In this way
design of drug like lock and key method. Drug to attack over target like a key to affect the target. This
classification of designing only able to give best result. One drug to attack the target and destroy them. This is
ultimate aim for drug designing in medical chemistry.Therefore, the most useful classification of drugs for
medical chemists is on the basis of molecular targets.
 We have to know the chemical structure of the drug, various drugs able to design and prepare in drug. The some
functional groups and substitution groups in the structure. This sometimes affects the reactivity of the drug in
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
another environment. So, the drug design based on the structure is sometimes not applicable.Therefore, option C
is not the correct answer.
 We need to know that the pharmaceutical effect of the drug is various from one person to another person. The
amount of drugs is mainly in medicinal chemistry. Over intake of drugs leads to some problems or death also. So,
the pharmaceutical effect of the drug is a suitable way for design of drugs.
Therefore, option A is not the correct answer.
21) Which of the following slows down the reaction rate? (69th BPSC)
A. Catalytic promoter
B. Homogeneous catalyst
C. Heterogeneous catalyst
Ans. D. None of the above
Homogeneous catalysis because a catalyst is a substance that boosts the rate of a reaction but does not change
chemically during the process. The reactants and catalyst are in the same phase in homogeneous catalysis (i.e., liquid
or gas). The activity of the catalyst is reduced by the promoter. The correct answer should be B but BPSC considered
D as the correct option.
22) Input and output nerves meet at (69th BPSC)

A. liver
B. central nervous system
C. heart
Ans. B. central nervous system
The central nervous system has four parts, namely, Brain, Spinal cord, Nerve and Neurons. The Input and output
nerves meet at several places, particularly in the spinal cord. They do not meet in the liver or the heart as they do not
form part of nervous system
23) Large number of thin strips of black paint are made on the surface of a convex lens of focal length 20
cm to catch the image of a white horse. The image will be (68th BPSC)
A. A zebra of black stripes
B. A horse of black stripes
C. A horse of less brightness
D. More than one of the above
Answer: C. A horse of less brightness
An image of a white horse is captured by the convex lens. Since the light falling on the curved portion won't react at
the picture point, the white horse's entire image is produced, but its intensity is reduced. A horse of less brightness
is produced by the lens.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Convex Lens
The convex lens is relatively thick in the center and thin at the lower and higher borders.
It converges light rays that travel parallel to its principal axis.
Instead of curving inside, the edges are curled outward.
Concave Lens
A concave lens has thicker edges and a thinner center.
It is one that bends a straight light beam away from the source and focuses it into a distorted, upright virtual
image.
24) Shrillness of sound is determined by(68th BPSC)

A. Amplitude of Sound
B. Wavelength of Sound
C. Velocity of Sound
Answer: B. Wavelength of Sound
 It is true that shrillness of sound is determined by its frequency but frequency and wavelength are inversely
proportionate. So, it is also true to say that shrillness of sound depends on its wavelength. Since, frequency and
wavelength are inseparably interlinked (velocity = wavelength × frequency and velocity is constant in a medium),
the correct answer is 'b'.
 The amplitude of sound determines the loudness of a sound. The larger the amplitude, the louder the sound.
 The velocity of sound refers to the speed at which sound waves propagate through a particular medium, such as
air, water, or solids. The velocity of sound can vary depending on the properties of the medium, such as its
density, temperature, and elasticity.
25) Which of the following photoelectric devices is most suitable for digital applications? (68th BPSC)
A. Photovoltaic cell
B. Photoemitter
C. Photodiode
Answer: A. Photovoltaic cell
 Photovoltaic cells or commonly known as solar cells have vast use in digital technology. For example, entire
satellite communication depends on it since this is the main source of power for it.
 A photodiode is a PN-junction diode that consumes light energy to produce an electric current. They are also
called a photo-detector, a light detector, and a photo-sensor. Photodiodes are designed to work in reverse bias
condition.
 Typical photodiode materials are Silicon, Germanium and Indium gallium arsenide.
The symbol of the photodiode is similar to that of an LED, but here the arrow points inwards.
26) Ball Bearings are used to convert static friction into (68th BPSC)
A. Drag
B. Sliding
C. Rolling
Answer: C. Rolling
 Ball bearings are used to convert static friction into rolling friction.
 Ball bearings convert static friction into rolling friction.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
 They consist of small metal balls housed within a ring or raceway.

 The rolling motion of the metal balls reduces resistance and minimizes friction.
 This allows for smoother movement, reduced wear and tear, and improved efficiency in mechanical systems.
Rolling Friction Examples
Rolling friction is one of the types of kinetic or dynamic friction, which comes into force when one body rolls over the
other. For example, when a circular disc, a wheel, a ring, or a sphere rolls over the surface, a force that opposes its
motion is the rolling friction.
Other examples are:
 A basketball rolling on the court comes to rest after some time.
 A tire rolling on the road or skateboard wheels rolling on the road are all examples of rolling friction.
 The shape, size, and weight are the factors that affect the motion of vehicles; for example, a twenty-wheeler
heavy loaded truck will have higher rolling friction than that of a TATA Nano Car.
 Painting the walls using paint rollers.
Static Friction Examples
Static friction acts on two bodies in contact, i.e., one body over the other. Let us consider a few real-life examples:
 While walking, our feet’s backward motion exerts pressure on the road as the other foot goes forward.
 Static friction generates when two fabrics slide over each other.
Sliding Friction Examples
When an object slides over the other, an opposing force that comes into play is the sliding friction. Illustrative sliding
friction examples are as follows:
 Pushing a lawn roller on the grass.
 Rubbing one’s hands together causes heat because of the sliding friction.
 Opening a sliding door/window.
 Dragging mouse on the surface.
 Sliding chalk to make art on the floor.
 Speed car racing.
Fluid Friction Examples
 While swimming, a swimmer experiences an opposing force; this force is the fluid friction force.
 While sucking a drink through a straw, you experience some friction; that friction is fluid friction.
 During skydiving, the parachute slows down because of the air resistance.
 Flying a paper made an aeroplane.
27) A goalkeeper in a game of football pulls his hands backward after holding the ball shot at the goal.
This enables the goalkeeper to (68th BPSC)
A. Exert large force on the ball
B. Increase the force exerted by the ball on hands
C. Decrease the rate of change of momentum
Answer: C. Decrease the rate of change of momentum
 After holding the ball, the goalkeeper pulls his hands backward to slow down the rate of change of momentum
while increasing the time.
 The force is directly related to the rate of change of momentum, this allows less force to be exerted on his
hands if he moves his hands backward.
 According to newton's second law, the rate of change of momentum of a body is equal to the force applied to
the body.
We know that force is equal to the rate of change of momentum. When a moving ball is caught by the goalkeeper,
ultimately it stops. It means the change in momentum of the ball will be same whether he catches the ball directly or
by moving his hands backwards. By moving his hand backwards during the catch, he gives more time to change the
momentum of the ball. This process ensures minimum acceleration, hence the force will be minimum by the
goalkeeper on the ball. The law of action-reaction says that the force on the goalkeeper by the ball will also be
minimum.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
28) Which among the following is a positively charged particle emitted by a radioactive element? (68th
BPSC)
A. Beta ray
B. Alpha ray
C. Cathode ray
Answer: B. Alpha ray
Alpha rays are the positively charged particles. Alpha-particle is highly active and energetic helium atom that contains
two neutrons and protons. These particles have the minimum penetration power and highest ionization power. They
can cause serious damage if get into the body due to their high ionization power. They are capable of ionizing
numerous atoms by a short distance. It is due to the fact that the radioactive substances that release alpha particles
are required to be handled after wearing rubber gloves.
29) Centripetal force is responsible to (68th BPSC)

A. Keep the body moving along the circular path
B. Fly the object along a straight line
C. Independent motion of the object in space
Answer: A. Keep the body moving along the circular path
 Centripetal force is the force acting on an object in curvilinear motion directed towards the axis of rotation or
center of curvature.
 When an object which moves in a circular path experiences a foracting radially inwards called centripetal force.
 The force is directed inward toward the rotational axis.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
30) Which of the following energy changes involves frictional force? (68th BPSC)
A. Potential Energy to Sound Energy
B. Chemical energy to heat energy
C. Kinetic energy to heat energy
Answer: C. Kinetic energy to heat energy
Kinetic energy to heat energy:
 The conversion of kinetic energy to heat energy often involves frictional forces.
 When objects rub or slide against each other, the friction between their surfaces converts some of the kinetic
energy into heat energy.
 This energy transformation occurs in various situations, such as rubbing your hands together, where the kinetic
energy of your hands is converted into heat energy due to friction.
 Similarly, when a vehicle moves on the road, the friction between the tires and the road surface causes some of
the kinetic energy of the vehicle to be converted into heat energy
Dynamo Conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy
Microphone Conversion of sound energy into electrical energy.
Tubelight Conversion of electric energy into light energy.
Electric bulb Conversion of electric energy into heat energy and light energy
Electric cell Conversion of chemical energy into electric energy.
Candle Conversion of chemical energy into light & heat energy.
Sitar Conversion of mechanical energy into sound energy.
31) A bus is moving along a straight path and takes a sharp turn to the right side suddenly. The
passengers sitting in the bus will (68th BPSC)
A. Fall in the forward direction
B. Bent towards the left side
C. Bent towards the right side
Answer: B. Bent towards the left side
A bus is moving along a straight path and takes a sharp turn to the right side suddenly. The passengers sitting on the
bus will bend towards the left side. The lower portion of passengers closest to the bus tends to go in the direction of
the sharp turn because of centripetal force, but the upper portion of passengers throws an outside centrifugal force.
This is happening due to two forces that are acting at that time centripetal and centrifugal forces.
32) Before playing the orchestra in a musical concert, a sitarist tries to adjust the tension and pluck the
string suitably. By doing so, he/she is adjusting (68th BPSC)
A. Amplitude of sound
B. Intensity of sound
C. Frequency of the sitar string with the frequency of other musical instruments
Answer: C. Frequency of the sitar string with the frequency of other musical instruments
 When a string is plucked, it vibrates, producing sound waves. The pitch or frequency of the sound produced is
directly related to the frequency of vibration of the string
 Higher tension in the string results in a higher frequency of vibration and a higher pitch, while lower tension
produces a lower frequency and a lower pitch.
 In an orchestra, different musical instruments play different pitches. To achieve harmony and coordination
among the instruments, their frequencies need to be matched.
 The sitarist adjusts the tension of the sitar string to align its frequency with the frequencies of the other
instruments being played.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
 This adjustment ensures that the sitar's sound blends well with the overall sound produced by the orchestra,
resulting in a harmonious and coordinated musical performance.
33) Detect the odd one(68th BPSC)

A. Setting of cement
B. Burning of coal
C. Ripening of fruit
Answer: D. None of the above
 Water and cement initially form a cement paste that begins to react and harden (set). This paste binds the
aggregate particles through the chemical process of hydration. In the hydration of cement, chemical changes
occur slowly, eventually creating new crystalline products, heat evolution, and other measurable signs. Setting of
cement is an example of permanent change which is irreversible, hence is not a physical change.
 Ripening of fruit is a chemical change. When the fruit gets ripped, the pigments present in the fruit skin get
changed and this process cannot get reversed.
 The burning of coal is a chemical change. When the coal gets burnt, the carbon present in the coal gets
converted into a carbon dioxide gas. The burning of coal is an irreversible process.
34) A form of matter has no fixed shape but it has a fixed volume. An example of this form of matter is
(68th BPSC)
A. Krypton
B. Kerosene
C. Carbon Steel
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S

Answer: B. Kerosene
Krypton is a gas and kerosene is liquid. While both don't have fixed form, it is kerosene whose volume cannot be
changed significantly with pressure/temperature whereas krypton being a gas, its volume can be changed drastically
with change of pressure/temperature. So, it is kerosene alone which has no fixed form but fixed volume. So, the
correct answer is (b).
35) Which gas contributes to global warming through its greenhouse effect? (68th BPSC)
A. Nitrous Oxide
B. Methane
C. Carbon dioxide
Answer: D. More than one of the above
The greenhouse effect is a phenomenon where certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere trap heat from the sun and
warm the planet.
These gases are known as greenhouse gases and include
 carbon dioxide
 methane
 nitrous oxide
 fluorinated gases
 water vapour
36) Some metal oxides react with acid as well as base to produce salt and water. They are known as
amphoteric oxides. The examples amphoteric oxides are (68th BPSC)
A. Al2O3 and ZnO
B. Al2O3and CuO
C. CuO and ZnO
Answer: A. Al2O3 and ZnO
Both Al2O3 (aluminium oxide) and ZnO (zinc oxide) are examples of amphoteric oxides.
 They can react with both acids and bases to form salts and water, exhibiting their amphoteric nature.
 When these oxides react with acids, such as hydrochloric acid, they form salts (e.g., aluminium chloride, zinc
chloride) and water. Similarly, when reacted with bases like sodium hydroxide, they yield salts (e.g., sodium
aluminate, sodium zincate) and water.
37) Acids react with metal carbonates to liberate _____ gas. (68th BPSC)
A. CO2
B. CO
C. H2
Answer: A. CO2
Acid reaction with metal carbonates
Acids react with metal carbonates to liberate carbon dioxide gas.
The reaction occurs because
the hydrogen ions from the acid react with the metal ions in the carbonate to form water
the carbonate ion reacts with the hydrogen ion to form carbon dioxide.
The balanced chemical equation for this reaction can be written as:
Metal Carbonate + Acid → Salt + Carbon Dioxide + Water
 The carbonate ion reacts with the hydrogen ion to produce carbon dioxide gas and water.
 This reaction is exothermic, it releases heat energy and is a classic example of an acid-base reaction.
 The amount of carbon dioxide produced is proportional to the amount of acid used in the reaction.
 It can be measured by collecting the gas produced and weighing it.
CO (carbon monoxide) gas: This option is incorrect.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Carbon monoxide is typically produced from the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing materials.
H2 (hydrogen) gas: This option is incorrect
38) Which acid is described as HOOCCOOH? (68th BPSC)

A. Oxalic Acid
B. Acetic Acid
C. Carbonic acid
Answer: A. Oxalic Acid
 Oxalic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with a chemical formula C2H2O4. It is also known as Ethanedioic acid or Oxiric
acid. This organic compound is found in many vegetables and plants. It is the simplest dicarboxylic acid with
condensed formula HOOC-COOH and has an acidic strength greater than acetic acid.
 Acetic acid, systematically named ethanoic acid, is an acidic, colourless liquid and organic compound with the
chemical formula CH₃COOH. Vinegar is at least 4% acetic acid by volume, making acetic acid the main component
of vinegar apart from water.
 Carbonic acid is a chemical compound with the chemical formula H₂CO₃. The molecule rapidly converts to water
and carbon dioxide in the presence of water. However, in the absence of water, it is quite stable at room
temperature.
39) The odour of acetic acid resembles that of (68th BPSC)

A. Tomato
B. Kerosene
C. Vinegar
Answer: C. Vinegar
The odor of acetic acid closely resembles that of vinegar.
This is because acetic acid is the main component of vinegar, and its characteristic smell is what gives vinegar its
distinct aroma.
The sour, pungent, and slightly sweet scent of vinegar is primarily due to the presence of acetic acid.
Uses of Acetic Acid
 Ethanoic acid is used in the manufacturing of various dyes, plastics, rayons, silk, and perfumes.
 It is most simply used as table vinegar.
 In medicines, it is used as a local irritant.
 In the rubber industry, it is also used as a coagulating agent.
 It is useful in the manufacturing of acetate, acetone, and esters used in various industries.
 It is widely used in the production of VAM (vinyl acetate monomer).
 In the treatment of cancer, it is directly injected into the tumour.
 Acetic acid has desirable solvent properties, along with the ability to form miscible mixtures with both polar and
nonpolar compounds. Hence, it is a very important industrial solvent. It is widely used in the industrial
preparation of dimethyl terephthalate (DMT).
 It is an active micro bactericidal disinfectant that is also effective against most other bacterias.
40) You have been provided with three test tubes. One of them contains distilled water and the other
two contain an acidic solution and a basic solution respectively. Which of them will turn red litmus to
blue? (68th BPSC)
A. Acid
B. Base
C. Distilled Water
Answer: B. Base
Acid:
 Acids can be defined in many ways but generally their aqueous solutions have the following properties.
 They are sour in taste.
 They turn blue litmus red.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
 They react with certain metals and liberate hydrogen gas.

 They react with oxides and hydroxides of metals forming salt and water.
 Their aqueous solutions conduct electricity
Base:
 Bases are defined in various ways but generally substances having the following characteristics are called bases.
 They have a bitter taste.
 Their aqueous solutions have a soapy touch.
 They turn red litmus blue.
 They react with acids to form salt and water.
 Their aqueous solutions conduct electricity.
Characteristic Acids Bases
Definition Donate protons (H⁺ ions) Accept protons (H⁺ ions) or donate pairs of
electrons
pH on the Scale Less than 7 (lower pH indicates stronger Greater than 7 (higher pH indicates stronger
acid) base)
Ion Formation Produce hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved Produce hydroxide ions (OH⁻) when dissolved
in water in water
Taste Sour Bitter
Feel (on Skin) Can be corrosive and may cause a burning Slippery and soapy feeling
sensation
Examples Hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium
(H₂SO₄) hydroxide (KOH)
Distilled Water:
 Distilled water is neutral and has a pH value of 7. It does not significantly affect the color of litmus paper.
41) Why does dry HCl gas not change the color of dry litmus paper? (68th BPSC)
A. Blue litmus becomes dry in the presence of dry HCl gas.
B. No H30+ ions are present. Litmus changes color only in the presence of H30+ ions.
C. HCl gas acts as a dehydrating agent.
Answer: B. No H30+ ions are present. Litmus changes color only in the presence of H 30+ ions.
Dry HCI gas does not change the colour of dry litmus paper because no H3O+ ions are present. Litmus changes colour
only in the presence of H3O+ ions. Dry HCl is not able to dissociate to give Hydrogen ions. Acids like HCl is only able to
dissociate only in an aqueous medium. HCl is not aqueous and not the litmus paper is wet. Thus, there is no colour
change in litmus paper.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
42) Which of the following statements about diamond and graphite is true? (68th BPSC)
A. They have same crystal structure
B. They have the same degree of hardness
C. They have the same electrical conductivity
Answer: D. None of the above
Diamond and Graphite, both are known as the allotrope of Carbon, but neither their crystalline structure nor their
hardness are same carbon other in diamond form 3-dimensianal tetrahedron rings in a plane, diamond is one of the
hardest material while graphite is very soft. Similarly, diamond is poor conductor of electricity whereas graphites are
used in the manufacture of electrodes of carbon employed in the electrolytic cells as it is an excellent conductor of
electricity- Hence none of the answer is correct.
43) The stomata open or close due to change in the – (68th BPSC)
A. Protein composition of cells.
B. Amount of water in cells.
C. Position of nucleus in cells.
Answer: B. Amount of water in cells
 Stomata opening and closure is a process that regulates gas exchange and water balance in plants.
 The process is controlled by two main cells called the guard cells. Guard cells are located around the stomatal
pore and are responsible for opening and closing the pore.
 The water uptake controls the opening of the stomata by the guard cells It leads to turgor pressure and an
increase in the size of the guard cells. This causes the stomata to open and allow the exchange of gases Gases
such as carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged between the plant and the atmosphere.
 The stomata's closure results from water loss from the guard cells and a decrease in turgor pressure.
 This causes the guard cells to shrink, resulting in the stomata closing Nucleus position and protein composition
do not have any major effect on the stomata closure and opening.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
44) Chlorophyll absorbs _____ wavelengths of the sunlight. (68th BPSC)

A. Green and blue
B. Green and red
C. Red and Blue
Answer: C. Red and Blue
Chlorophyll is a chemical photoreceptor that traps light for photosynthesis in plants. It absorbs light in the red (long
wavelength) and the blue (short wavelength) regions of the visible light spectrum. Green light is not absorbed but
reflected, making the plant appear green.
45) Which of the following is not a correct match? (68th BPSC)

A. Thick, hard with branching near base: Tree
B. Weak stem which cannot stand upright: Creeper
C. Petiole: Attaches leaf to stem
Answer: A. Thick, hard with branching near base: Tree
Petiole, a part of leaf, attaches leaf to stem by leaf base. It also helps leaf blade to light & allow them to flutter in
wind. Creepers are plants with weak soft stem that grow horizontally along with the soil since they cannot stand
upright. Trees are tall and big plants having one hard woody stem, the trunk bearing wood branches, leaves and
twings always at some distance from ground, not near the base shrubs, on the other hand are plants with woody
stem (thick, hard) with branches of almost equal size arising from the stem always above the soil near the base.
Option (b) and (c) are correctly matched while option (a) is not correctly matched.
46) Water reaches great heights in trees because of suction pull caused by (68th BPSC)
A. Absorption
B. Transpiration
C. Evaporation
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S

Answer: B. Transpiration
Transpiration is a process that involves loss of water vapour through the stomata of plant. The loss of water vapour
from the plant cools the plant down when the weather is very hot, and water from the stem and roots moves
upwards or is pulled into the leaves. On the other hand, plants absorb water and minerals from the soil via their
roots but water does not move upward due to absorption. Similarly water escapes the tree through evaporation.
47) Which among the following is a character of chloroplast which makes them qualified for self-
replication? (68th BPSC)
A. Presence of DNA only
B. Absence of RNA
C. Presence of both DNA and RNA
Answer: C. Presence of both DNA and RNA
Presence of Both DNA & RNA in Chloroplast makes them qualified to self-replication. Chloroplasts, like
mitochondria, contain their own DNA. This DNA is inherited from their ancestor—a photosynthetic cyanobacterium
that was engulfed by an early eukaryotic cell.
 Chloroplasts are found in all green plants and algae. They are the food producers of plants. These are found in
mesophyll cells located in the leaves of the plants. They contain a high concentration of chlorophyll that traps
sunlight. This cell organelle is not present in animal cells.
 Chloroplast has its own extra-nuclear DNA and therefore are semiautonomous, like mitochondria. They also
produce proteins and lipids required for the production of chloroplast membrane.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
48) The parts of the skeleton that are not as hard as bones and which can be bent are called as (68th
BPSC)
A. Carpals
B. Cartilage
C. Vertebrae
Answer: B. Cartilage
Cartilage
 It is a strong, flexible connective tissue that protects your joints and bones.
 It acts as a shock absorber throughout your body.
 Cartilageat the end of your bonesreduces friction and prevents them from rubbing together when you use your
joints.
 It’s also the main tissue in some parts of your body and gives them their structure and shape.
Carpals
 The carpal bones are a group of eight small bones that make up the wrist in higher vertebrates. It helps in
connecting the hand to the forearm. The bones facilitate easy movement and flexibility in the arm.
 The eight bones are scaphoid, trapezium, trapezoid, lunate, capitate, pisiform, triquetrum and hamate. These
eight bones are arranged in three columns.
Vertebrae
 Vertebrae are the individual bones that make up the spinal column or backbone.
 While vertebrae are relatively rigid, they are not as flexible as cartilage.
49) In lichen, a chlorophyll containing partner ______ lives together. (68th BPSC)
A. Fungus and a bacterium
B. Algae and a virus
C. Algae and a fungus
Answer: C. Algae and a fungus
A chlorophyll containing partner, which is an algae and fungus living together. The fungus provide shelter, water and
minerals to algae. In return, the algae provides food which is prepared by it through photosynthesis.
50) Female Anopheles can be distinguished from female Culex because it sits (68th BPSC)
A. At an angle with substratum
B. Parallel to the surface of the substratum
C. At right angle to the surface of the substratum
Answer: A. at an angle with substratum
 Mosquito is a vector and transmits the disease.
 Insects, when fed on human blood transmit the pathogen.
 Anopheles transmits malaria parasites.
 Culex transmits the west nile virus and filarial nematodes.
 There are differences between female culex and female anopheles in their feeding pattern, size, eggs, and
habitat.
 Female Anopheles body rests at an angle to the substratum
 Culex body rests parallel to the substratum.
 Anopheles mosquito makes angles its body at 45 degrees from the surface
51) The most important cell type associated with the immunity of the body is (68th BPSC)
A. Platelets
B. Lymphocytes
C. RBCs
Answer: B. Lymphocytes
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Lymphocytes, a white blood cell found in the blood and lymphatic system, play a crucial role in adaptive or acquired
immunity. They are classified as agranulocytes, with B and T lymphocytes comprising approximately 20-25% of total
white blood cells. Lymphocytes make up about 99% of the cells in the lymph.
Lymphocytes are primarily found in lymphoid organs such as the spleen, lymph nodes, and tonsils. They play a key
role in initiating immune responses against foreign pathogens. All lymphocytes originate from stem cells in the bone
marrow. B-lymphocytes mature in the bone marrow, while T-lymphocytes mature in the thymus. Upon exposure to
antigens, B and T lymphocytes differentiate into effector and memory cells. Lymphocytes are responsible for both
humoral (antibody-mediated) and cell-mediated immune responses.
Red Blood Cell
 The Red Blood Cells (RBCs) are also known as Erythrocytes.
 RBCs contain the iron-rich protein called haemoglobin that gives blood its red colour.
 RBCs are the most copious blood cell produced in bone marrows. Their main function is to transport oxygen from
and to various tissues and organs.
Blood platelets
Blood platelets are tiny blood cells that form clots over the injury and stop the bleeding. These blood cells are
produced in the bone marrow and appear as a small, disc-shaped, colourless fragment without a nucleus. The total
number of platelets present in the blood usually varies between 1,50,000 and 4,50,000 per cubic millimetre in a
healthy individual.
52) Which one of the following statements is incorrect about muscles in the human body? (68th BPSC)
A. Muscle work in pairs
B. Muscles become shorter, stiffer and thicker when contracted
C. Muscles can only push the bone
Answer: C. Muscles can only push the bone
 Muscles are part of the human skeletal system.
 Myofibers form muscles and parallel bundles of myofibrils form these muscles. Muscles consist of various
proteins such as actin, myosin, troponin, and tropomyosin.
 It helps in locomotion.
 Muscles can pull not push.
 It is because muscles contract with the help of proteins actin and myosin. Muscles work in pairs.
 One muscle contracts and the other relaxes, thus working in pairs.
 Muscles get shorter, stiffer, and thicker when contracted.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
 The length of sarcomere shortens while contracting. Muscles become longer and thinner while relaxing.
53) Which type of lens is used in magnifying glass? (67th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Plano-Concave lens
B. Convex lens
C. Convex Mirror
D. Concave lens
Answer: B. Convex lens
Uses of Convex Lenses
 Magnifying Glass
o When the rays enter the convex lens of the magnifying glass, these rays focus on a specific focal point at the
center of it.
 In Cameras
o Most of the cameras that we use have convex lenses, while a few have concave lenses.
o Convex lenses help focus on the image well and magnify these at the same time.
 Microscope Lenses
o Convex lenses are also called microscopic lenses.
o A simple microscope usually has three lenses, out of which, one (convex lens) produces an inverted and
magnified image of microorganisms like bacteria, amoeba, etc.
 Multi-Junction Star Cells
o Convex lenses are widely used for multi-junction electric cell. The lens is added above the Fresnel lens to
increase the output power of the setup and retrieve the requirement for the employment of solar trackers.
54) The paramagnetic theory of magnetism applies to (67th BPSC Re-exam)

A. Mercury
B. Iron
C. Platinum
D. Nickel
Answer: C. Platinum
The paramagnetic theory of magnetism applies to platinum. Paramagnetic materials are those materials that are
weakly attracted to magnet. Hence out of given options platinum is the correct answer to the question.
55) The nucleus of an atom consists of (67th BPSC Re-exam)

A. Electrons and Protons
B. Protons and Neutrons
C. Electrons only
D. Electrons and Neutrons
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Answer: B. Protons and Neutrons

The nucleus of the atom, also called the atomic nucleus, is the small, dense, spherical center of an atom. The nucleus
contains two subatomic particles: the protons and the neutrons
Fundamental Particles of Atom :
 Electron
o An electron is negatively charged sub-atomic particle.
o It can be either free (not attached to any atom) or bound to the nucleus of an atom.
o Electrons in atoms exist in spherical shells of various radii, representing energy levels.
o The charge on an electron is (-) 1.6022 × 10-19 coulomb.
o The electron has a mass that is approximately 1/1837 that of the proton or 9.109 × 10-31 kg.
o It was discovered by J.J. Thomson (1897).
o Atomic mass unit of the electron is 0.0005486.
 Proton
o A proton is a positively charged sub-atomic particle.
o The charge on a proton is (+) 1.6022 × 10-19 coulomb.
o Its weight is 1.6726 × 10-27 kg.
o Its atomic mass unit is 1.00727.
o It was first discovered by Goldstein as anode rays (1886) and finally identified and named by Rutherford
(1919).
o Note : The number of electrons is equal to the number of protons in an atom with an equal charge of
opposite nature. Hence the atom is neutral.
 Neutron
o It is a neutral sub-atomic particle so its name is neutron.
o Its mass is slightly larger than that of proton i.e 1.0087 amu.
o It was discovered by James Chadwick (1932).
o Note : Atomic mass unit (amu) is defi ned as precisely 1/12 of the mass of an atom of Carbon-12.
56) The metallurgical process in which a metal is obtained in a fused state is called (67th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Roasting
B. Calcination
C. Froth Floatation
D. Smelting
Answer: D. Smelting
 The process of extraction of metal in its molten state by any reducing agent in the presence of flux is called
smelting. For example oxides of less electropositive metals like Pb, Zn, Fe, Cu are reduced by any other reducing
agent.
 Roasting is a process of metallurgy where ore is converted into its oxide by heating it below its melting point in
the presence of excess air. While calcination is mostly used in the oxidation of carbonates, roasting is a method
that is used for converting sulphide ores.
 Froth flotation is a process that selectively separates materials based upon whether they are water repelling
(hydrophobic) or have an affinity for water (hydrophilic).
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
35) Consider the following statements

1. Addition of salt to pure water increases the boiling point of water and decreases the freezing point of
water.
2. When methyl alcohol is added to water, the boiling point of water decreases.
Which of the above statements is/are correct? (67th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Only 1
B. Only 2
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Salt and methyl alcohol are the same in behaviour.
Answer: C. Both 1 and 2
Addition of salt to pure water increases the boiling point of water and decreases the freezing point of water.
Statement (1) is correct.
When methyl alcohol is added to water, boiling points of water decreases. Statement (2) is correct.
Uses of Methyl Alcohol :
 It is used as a solvent for paint, celluloid, shellac, etc.
 The mixture of petrol and methyl alcohol is used as fuel in automobiles.
 It is used in the preparation of dyes, perfumes, medicines etc.
 It is used in the preparation of formaldehyde, formic acid, acetic acid, methyl chloride, methyl salicylate, etc.
 It is used in the preparation of the methylated spirit. A mixture of methyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol is known as
methylated spirit or denaturated spirit, which is not suitable for drinking.
 The mixture of methyl alcohol (40%) and water (60%) is used in radiators of automobiles as antifreeze.
57) Which among the following are constituents of Brass? (67th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Iron and Zinc
B. Copper and Nickel
C. Iron and Copper
D. Zinc and Copper
Answer: D. Zinc and Copper
 Brass is an alloy composed primarily of Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn).
 Copper(60%) is the main component of brass, usually accounting for a higher percentage of the alloy.
 Zinc(40%) is added to copper to form brass, typically in varying proportions depending on the desired properties.
List of some alloys, their components and uses
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
58) Which among the following is the main constituent of biogas? (67th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Propane
B. Butane
C. Ethane
D. Methane
Answer: D. Methane
Biogas is produced under anaerobic conditions, the process is denominated as anaerobic digestion. The major
constituent of biogas is methane (55-70%), CO2 (30-45%) and some traces of gases such as H2S and ammonia.
Biogas is considered a renewable source of energy. It is also referred to as "Gobar gas" because the starting material
is bovine dung, or "gobar" in Hindi.
59) Which among the following would cause the bright red colour due to bursting of crackers? (67th BPSC
Re-exam)
A. Sodium
B. Sulphur
C. Magnesium
D. Strontium
Answer: D. Strontium
The colors in fireworks are created by the use of metal salts. Metal salts commonly used in firework displays include:
strontium carbonate (red fireworks), calcium chloride (orange fireworks), sodium nitrate (yellow fireworks), barium
chloride (green fireworks) and copper chloride (blue fireworks).
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
60) What are salt loving plants called? (67th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Mesophytes
B. Glycophytes
C. Halophytes
D. Xerophytes
Answer: C. Halophytes
Halophytes : A halophyte is a plant that can survive in and near salty environments like Mangroves. These plants may
spend their entire lives in extremely salty conditions. Halophytes are most usually found growing near coastal
shorelines, although they can also grow in swamps, marshlands, and desert environments.
Mesophytes: A majority of plants living on this planet are mesophytes. These are the plants that can survive in
moderate environments that are neither particularly dry nor particularly wet. They thrive in soil that is not swamped
in water and has moderate salt content and humidity.They have well differentiated roots and shoots with a fully
developed vascular system. They do not need any adaptations to survive. They have an exposed stomata on leaves
that are flat, broad and green. They require moderate to less amounts of water. They grow fast and usually
large.Their leaves have a cuticle with thin epidermis.Example: corn, rose, clover, squash, etc.
Xerophytes: Plants that are adapted to survive in physiologically dry conditions are called xerophytes. They have
special adaptations to prevent loss of water, and also store some water. Plants that store water are called succulents,
e.g, cacti, agave. They have thick and fleshy stems that are able to store water. This water can be used whenever
required.Other adaptations in xerophytes include waxy coatings on leaves, dropping leaves during dry periods,
folding or repositioning of leaves for sunlight absorption and hairy coverings on leaves.Other examples of xerophytes
include pineapple, Acacia, prickly pear and alfalfa.
Glycophytes: The large majority of plant species are Glycophytes, which are not salt-tolerant and are damaged fairly
easily by high salinity.
61) Which among the following is known as quicklime? (67th BPSC Re-exam)
A. CaCO3
B. Ca(OH)2
C. CaCl2
D. CaO
Answer: D. CaO
Calcium oxide (CaO) is commonly known as quick line.
Common Names of Chemical Name of Common Chemical Uses of Compound
Chemical Compound Compounds
Compounds Formula
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Aqua Fortis/ Spirit Nitric Acid HNO3 Aqua fortis is used in the production of
of Niter explosives and fertilizers.
Baking Soda Sodium Bicarbonate or NAHCO3 Baking soda is the main ingredient which
Sodium Hydrogen is used in baking.
Carbonate
Blue Vitriol Copper Sulphate CuSO4.xH2O Blue Vitriol is used in insecticides and
germicides and also as electrolytes for
batteries.
Bleaching Powder Calcium Oxychloride CaOCl2 Bleaching powder is mainly used in the
textile industry for bleaching cotton and
linen.
Bleach/ Sodium Hypochlorite NaOCl Sodium Hypochlorite is used on a large
Antiformin/ scale for bleaching, surface purification,
Chloride of Soda water disinfection and odour removal.
Borax Sodium Tetraborate Na2[B4O5(OH)4].8H2O Borax is used as a cleaner, and it is also
Decahydrate/ Sodium used as an ingredient in paint, herbicides,
Borate toothpaste, skin creams, moisturizers, etc.
Calomel Mercurous Chloride Hg2Cl2 Calomel has been used as a fungicide, it
was previously used to treat malaria and
yellow fever.
Carborundum Silicon Carbide SiC Carborundum is mainly used as an
abrasive for cutting, polishing, grinding,
and as an antislip additive.
Carbolic Acid/ Phenol C6H5OH Carbolic acid is one of the oldest
Phenol / antiseptic agents which is used as a
Hydroxybenzene disinfectant in household cleaners.
Phenic Acid
Caustic Potash Potassium Hydroxide KOH Caustic potash is used in potassium soaps
and detergents and in liquid fertilizers.
Chile Saltpetre Sodium Nitrate NaNO3 Chile Saltpetre is an agricultural source of
nitrogen is used for making fertilizers,
high-strength glasses and explosives.
Caustic Soda Sodium Hydroxide NaOH Caustic soda is used to manufacture
paper and pulp, alumina, soap, detergents
and petroleum products. It is also used for
water treatment, metal processing,
mining, etc.
Cream of Tartar Potassium Hydrogen KC4H5O6 Cream of tartar is used in the bakery for
Tartrate/ Potassium stabilizing egg whites
Bitartrate
Chloroform Trichloromethane CHCl3 Chloroform is used a solvent for floor
polishes and lacquer. It is also used in
paper, board and pesticide industries.
CFC-12/ Freon-12 Dichlorodifluoromethane CCl2F2 CFC-12 is used as a refrigerant in air
conditioners and refrigerators.
Dolomite Calcium Magnesium CaMg(CO3)2 Dolomite is used as an element for the
Carbonate production of glass, ceramics and bricks.
Dry Ice Solid Carbon Dioxide CO2 Dry Ice is actually a solid form of CO2. It is
mainly used as a cooling agent and in
theatres for dramatic effects.
Epsom Salt Magnesium Sulphate MgSO4.7H2O Epsom salt is used to treat body aches,
Heptahydrate pain and inflammation
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Galena Lead (II) Sulphide PbS Galena is mined for its silver content and
it is a primary ore of lead.
Glauber’s Salt Sodium Sulphate Na2SO4.10H2O It is used for medicinal purposes for the
Decahydrate removal of certain drugs overdose such as
paracetamol.
Glycerol Propane-1,2,3-triol C3H8O3 Glycerol is used in food and beverages
industry, it serves as a solvent, humectant
and also helps in food preservation
Green Vitriol Ferrous Sulphate FeSO4.7H2O Green vitriol is used for treatment against
Heptahydrate moss on the lawn and to treat iron
clorosis of vine, berries and fruit trees.
Gypsum Calcium Sulphate CaSO4.2H2O Gypsum is used a retarder in Portland
Dihydrate cement, and filler in paper and textiles.
Heavy Water Deuterium Oxide D2O D2O is used as a neutron moderator in
nuclear reactors
Hematite Iron (III) Oxide/ Ferric Fe2O3 Hematite is used to preparation of heavy
Oxide metal separation, radiation shielding and
to produce pigments.
Hypo Solution Sodium Thiosulphate Na2S2O3.5H2O Hypo solution is mainly used for
Pentahydrate photographic paper processing
Laughing Gas Dinitrogen Monoxide/ N2O Nitrous Oxide is used by dentists to make
Nitrous Oxide the patients comfortable during certain
procedures
Quick Lime/ Burnt Calcium Oxide CaO Quick Lime is mainly used in the
Lime production of steel, paper and pulp
production, treatment of water.
Slaked Lime Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2 Slaked Lime is used in plasters, cements,
and mortars
Limestone Calcium Carbonate CaCO3 Limestone is used in building material, it is
also one of the main ingredient in
toothpaste.
Litharge (Red) and Lead (II) Oxide/ Lead PbO Massicot and Litharge are used in the
Massicot (Yellow) Monoxide production of lead stabilizers, lead glass,
enamels, and pottery.
Methyl Ethyl Butan-2-one C4H8O Butanone is the is main ingredient in paint
Ketone/ Butanone formation
Marsh Gas Methane CH4 Methane at high temperatures reacts
with steam to form Carbon Monoxide and
Hydrogen. The product is used in the
production of ammonia for fertilizers and
explosives.
Milk of Magnesia Magnesium Hydroxide Mg(OH)2 Milk of Magnesia acts as an antacid which
helps at the time of indigestion,
heartburn and sour stomach.
Mohr’s Salt Ammonium Iron (II) (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2.6H2O Mohr’s Salt is used to enhance iron’s shelf
Sulphate life and lower oxidation levels.
Muriatic Acid Hydrochloric Acid HCl Muriatic Acid is used in leather
processing, food additive, and gelatin
production.
Oil of Vitriol Sulphuric Acid H2SO4 Sulphuric Acid is used for making fertilizer
Phosgene Carbonyl Dichloride COCl2 Phosgene is used for making pesticides
and plastics
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Plaster of Paris Calcium Sulphate CaSO4.1/2H2O Plaster of Paris is mainly used as a

Hemihydrate protective coating on ceilings and walls. It
is also used for making sculptures.
Potash Alum/ Potassium Aluminum KAl(SO4)2.12H2O Potash Alum is mainly used in the
Potassium Alum Sulphate Dodecahydrate purification of water, dyeing, and leather
tanning.
Propan-2-ol Isopropyl Alcohol (CH3)2CHOH Isopropyl Alcohol is mainly used to treat
tremors, hypertension, chest pain, heart
rhythm disorder and other circulatory
conditions.
Quartz Silicon Dioxide (Silica) SiO2 Quartz is used in making of glass,
hydraulic fracturing proppant, foundry
sand, and gemstones.
Quicksilver Mercury Hg Mercury is mainly used in barometers,
thermostats, and thermometers
Rochelle Salt Potassium Sodium KNaC4H4O6.4H2O Rochelle salt is used in the production of
Tartrate gelatins and pectins
Sal Ammoniac Ammonium Chloride NH4Cl Ammonium Chloride is used in industries
as a cleaning agent
Saltpetre Potassium Nitrate KNO3 Saltpetre is commonly used as a food
preservative
Slaked Lime Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2 Slaked Lime is used to form mortars,
cement and plasters
Table Salt/ Sodium Chloride NaCl Common Salt enhances the flavour of
Common Salt food and also plays a key role in food
preservation.
TNT Trinitrotoluene C6H2(NO2)3CH3 TNT is used in bombs, military shells and
grenades
Vermillion/ Mercuric Sulphide HgS It is used in colour paints and also as one
Cinnabar of the red coloring agents used in tattoo
dyes.
Washing Soda Sodium Carbonate NaCO3.10H2O Washing Soda is used to unclog drains and
Decahydrate in commercial detergent, mixtures, to
treat hard water.
Wintergreen Oil Methyl Salicylate C8H8O3 Wintergreen oil is used in traditional
medicine for bacterial infections.
White Vitriol Zinc Sulphate ZnSO4.7H2O White Vitriol is used in the manufacture
of rayon fabric. It is used in eye drops and
also for preserving skins and wood.
62) What happens to the weight of iron, when it rusts? (67th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Decreases then increases.
B. Increases then decreases
C. Remains the same
D. Increases for long time
Answer: B. Increases then decreases
When iron rusts, it undergoes a chemical reaction with oxygen and water to form iron oxide, commonly known as
rust. The formation of rust involves the addition of oxygen atoms to the iron, which increases its overall weight.
However, over time, the rust can flake off and corrode further, resulting in a decrease in the weight of the iron object.
Therefore, initially, the weight of iron increases when it rusts, but over time, it may decrease as the rust continues to
corrode.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
63) Which among the following is also known as “White metal”? (67th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Rhodium
B. Platinum
C. Palladium
D. Nickel
E. None of the above
Answer: E. None of the above
 Platinum is a naturally white metal. It does not need to be alloyed for colour. Due to its appearance as white, it is
commonly known as white gold. However BPSC has considered option (e) correct answer in its final answer key.
 White metal refers to a group of alloys with a silvery white appearance, often composed of tin, antimony, and
other elements. It is commonly used for making objects such as jewellery, coins, and decorative items.
64) Consider the following statements with respect to noble metals

1. Noble metals are found in pure form in nature.
2. Uranium and lead are examples of noble metal.
Which of the above statements is/are correct? (67th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Only 1
B. Only 2
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Brass is also noble metal
Answer: A. Only 1
 Noble metals are found in pure form in nature because they are non-reactive and don't combine with other
elements to form compounds. Hence, the statement (1) is correct.
 Uranium and lead are not examples of noble metals. Hence, the statement (2) is incorrect
 Noble metals are a specific group of elements that include gold (Au), silver (Ag), platinum(Pt), and palladium(Pd).
 Brass is not a noble metal. It is an alloy made by combining copper and zinc
65) Fungi are plants that lack (67th BPSC Re-exam)

A. Carbon dioxide
B. Chlorophyll
C. Sunlight
D. Oxygen
Answer: B. Chlorophyll
Fungi are plant like organisms that lack chlorophyll since they do not have chlorophyll, fungi must absorb food from
dead organic matter.
Fungi
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
 About:
o Fungi or fungus are a diverse group of eukaryotic microorganisms or macroscopic organisms that belong to
their own biological kingdom, distinct from plants, animals, and bacteria.
 Characteristics:
o Eukaryotic: Like plants, animals, and protists, fungi have complex, membrane-bound cell organelles and a
true nucleus.
o Heterotrophic: Fungi are primarily decomposers or saprophytes, meaning they obtain nutrients by absorbing
organic matter from their surroundings.
o Secrete Enzymes: Fungi secrete enzymes to break down complex organic compounds into simpler
substances, which they can then absorb.
 Harmful Effects of Fungi:
Human and Animal Diseases: Fungi can cause a variety of diseases
in humans and animals. Examples include athlete's foot (caused by
dermatophytes), ringworm, histoplasmosis, and aspergillosis.
Some fungi produce toxic compounds known as mycotoxins, which can
contaminate food and lead to health problems when consumed.
Crop and Plant Diseases: Fungal pathogens can infect and damage crops and plants, leading to significant
economic losses in agriculture.
Examples include rusts, powdery mildews, and various types of fungal blights.
Allergic Reactions: Exposure to fungal spores, especially in indoor environments with high
humidity, can trigger allergies and respiratory problems in some individuals.
Conditions like allergic rhinitis and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis are
associated with fungal allergens.
Biodegradation of Materials: Fungi can break down materials such as textiles, leather, and paper, which can be
detrimental if these materials are not properly preserved or stored.
66) Pollination is best defined as (67th BPSC Re-exam)

A. Germination of pollen grains
B. Growth of pollen tube in ovule
C. Visiting flowers by insects
D. Transfer of pollen grain from anther to stigma
Answer: D. Transfer of pollen grain from anther to stigma
Pollination
 When a pollen grain moves from the anther (male part) of a flower to the stigma (female part), pollination
happens and it is the first step in a process that produces seeds, fruits, and the next generation of plants.
 This can happen through self-pollination, wind and water pollination or through pollinators.
Parts of flowers :
Bisexual flowers typically contain male and female parts in it.
There are four main layers of the parts of the flower-
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
 Calyx : It is a collection of sepals forming the first circle of the flower. These are typically green coloured. In some
cases, the sepals have a colour called petaloid. Their main function is to protect the flower while it is still in the
bud stage.
 Corolla : This layer is the collection of petals. It is the second circle of the flower, superior to the calyx. The petals
are the colourful part of a flower that helps to attract insects and birds to the flower to facilitate pollination.
 Androecium : It is the third layer of flower superior to the corolla. It is the male part of the sexual reproduction of
a plant. The androecium is made up of a collection of stamens. Each stamen has the following parts–(i) Anther : It
is present at the tip of the filament. It is internally lobed. Pollen grains are formed inside the anther. (ii) Filament :
It is a thin stalk-like structure that holds the anther.
 Gynoecium : It is the fourth layer of flowers. It is a collection of carpels and considered the female reproductive
part of the plant. It has three parts– (i) Stigma : It is a small and sticky landing structure. The pollen grains from
the same or different flower stick to it. This structure acts as a landing for the insects or birds that act as a
pollinating agent. (ii) Style : It is a thin stalk-like structure that holds the stigma. Two or more carpels may be
fused together to varying degrees and the entire structure, including the fused styles and stigmas may be called a
pistil. (iii) Ovary : It is a base of the style or the lower part of the pistil and contains the ovules, which contain the
female gamete
67) Plants receive their nutrients mainly from (67th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Atmosphere
B. Light
C. Soil
D. Chlorophyll
Answer: C. Soil
Plants absorb essential nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients, from the soil
through their root systems. The soil provides a rich source of minerals and organic matter that plants need for growth
and development.
68) Pine, Fir, Spruce, Cedar, Cedar, Larch and Cypress are the famous timber-yielding plants of which
several also occur widely in the hilly regions of India. All these belong to (67th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Gymnosperm
B. Monocotyledons
C. Dicotyledons
D. Angiosperm
Answer: A. Gymnosperm
 The gymnosperms are a group of seed producing plants that includes cycads, ginkgo, geophytes and confers.
They are also known as Acrogymnospermae. Pine, Fir, Spruce, Larch and Cypress are the famous timber-yielding
plants which belongs to gymnosperm.
 Angiosperms are vascular plants with stems, roots, and leaves. The seeds of the angiosperm are found in a
flower. These make up the majority of all plants on earth. The seeds develop inside the plant organs and form
fruit. Hence, they are also known as flowering plants. Angiosperms are the most advanced and beneficial group
of plants. They can grow in various habitats as trees, herbs, shrubs, and bushes.
Monocotyledon Dicotyledon
The monocotyledonous embryos have a single The dicotyledonous embryos have a pair of
cotyledon cotyledons
They have a fibrous root system They have a tap root system
Leaves in monocots have parallel venation Leaves in dicots have reticulate or net venation
In monocot flowers, the count of parts of the flower is The count of parts in a dicot flower is a multiple of
a multiple of three or equal to three four or five or equal to four or five
The roots and stems of monocotyledons do not The roots and stems of dicotyledons possess a
possess a cambium and cannot increase in diameter cambium and have the ability to increase in
diameter
A few examples of monocotyledons are garlic, onions, A few examples of dicots are beans, cauliflower,
wheat, corn and grass, etc. apples and pear, etc.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
69) From the following pairs, find the one which is correctly matched? (67th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Tuberculosis - ATS
B. Tetanus - BCG
C. Malaria - Chloroquine
D. Scurvy – Thiamine
Answer: C. Malaria – Chloroquine
 Tuberculosis— BCG
 Tetanus — DTaP and Tdap
 Malaria— Chloroquine
 Scurvy—Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)
70) The animal without red blood cells is (67th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Earthworm
B. Snake
C. Peacock
D. Frog
Answer: A. Earthworm
 Earthworms belong to a group of animals called annelids, and they have a circulatory system that does not rely
on red blood cells to transport oxygen.
 Instead, earthworms have a fluid-filled circulatory system called a coelomic fluid that aids in the exchange of
gases and nutrients throughout their body
 Flatworms, nematodes, cnidarians do not have a circulatory system and that’s why they do not have blood. They
have no lining or fluid in their body cavity. Ants and other insects have a type of liquid inside their body that
helps them to move the nutrients around.
71) The ultimate substance to which the carbohydrates are degraded is (67th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Glycerol
B. Glucose
C. Maltose
D. Amino Acid
Answer: B. Glucose
Carbohydrate digestion is converted into glucose (a monosaccharide), proteins are broken down into their basic units
such as amino acids. And the fats are converted to fatty acids and glycerol.
72) Most of the enzymes are (67th BPSC Re-exam)

A. Lipids
B. Acids
C. Alkalis
D. Proteins
Answer: D. Proteins
 Proteins are products of ribosomal translation and they are composed of sequences of amino acids which are
also known as polypeptide chains. Protein composes the majority of organic molecules and is highly diverse.
Enzymes, hormones, structural elements, etc. are examples of proteins. Therefore, this is the correct answer.
Enzymes are globular proteins or folded proteins. In enzymes, protein is folded in such a way that it can bind with
substrates specifically. The binding site for different enzymes differs according to the specific substrate with
which it binds.
 Lipids are a class of biomolecules that are synthesized from fats. They are soluble in nonpolar solvents. Lipids are
structural components of cell membranes and are responsible for the storage of energy also. Some hormones are
also lipids. Example: phospholipid, sterols. Therefore, this is the incorrect option.
73) Who was the first scientist/doctor, who attempted vaccination? (67th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Robert Koch
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
B. Elie Metchnikoff
C. Edward Jenner
D. Joseph Lister
Answer: C. Edward Jenner
 The smallpox vaccine, introduced by Edward Jenner in 1976, was the first successful vaccine to be developed. He
observed that milkmaids who previously had caught cowpox did not catch smallpox and showed that inoculated
vaccine protected against inoculated variola virus.
 Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch was a German physician and microbiologist. As the discoverer of the specific
causative agents of deadly infectious diseases including tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax, he is regarded as one
of the main founders of modern bacteriology.
 Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, also spelled Élie Metchnikoff, was a zoologist from the Russian Empire of Moldavian noble
ancestry best known for his pioneering research in immunology and thanatology.
 Joseph Lister was a British surgeon, medical scientist, experimental pathologist and a pioneer of antiseptic
surgery and preventive healthcare.
74) The working principle of a washing machine is (67th BPSC Re-exam)

A. Diffusion
B. Centrifugation
C. Dialysis
D. Reverse Osmosis.
Answer: B. Centrifugation
 When we put cloth and soap in the washing machine to mix it together and then the machine rotates or spins at
a very high speed which forces the dirt and soap in the clothes to leave the surface of the clothes. It will clean
the surface of the cloth and then we can again spin the machine to partially dry the clothes in it. The process
uses the centrifugal force to both clean and dry the clothes in the machine.
 Centrifugation is the process with which we can separate particles depending on their size, shape and density
from a solution. In this process we put the solution where the particles are suspended, in a centrifuge tube. Then
we spin the tube at a defined speed for a time interval. After that we will get the suspended particles at the
bottom of the tube and then we can separate the liquid from the particles. It uses the centrifugal force to move
the particles to the bottom of the tube.
 In the above processes, both processes use the centrifugal force and act in the same manner. So, we can say that
the working principle of the washing machine is centrifugation.
Note: A body moving on a circular path has two forces acting on it. One is centripetal force and the other is
centrifugal force.
A body moving in a circular path will constantly change direction and hence will change velocity. It means that it
has an acceleration. So, from Newton’s 2nd law we can say that a force is acting constantly in the body towards the
centre. It is called centripetal force.
A body moving in a circular path will experience an outward force which depends on its mass, velocity and the
radius of the circular path. It is called centrifugal force. The centrifugal force is a fictitious force.
Both the centrifugal and centripetal forces are equal but opposite in direction.
 Diffusion: It is the process of particles moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration, which is not directly involved in the working principle of a washing machine.
 Dialysis: It is a process used in medical settings to remove waste products and excess fluids from the blood when
the kidneys are unable to perform their function adequately.
 Reverse osmosis: It is a process used to remove impurities and purify water by applying pressure to force water
molecules through a semipermeable membrane while leaving behind larger molecules, ions, and other
impurities. This process effectively filters out substances such as dissolved salts, bacteria, viruses, heavy metals,
and other contaminants, resulting in purified water. It is not the working principle of a washing machine.
75) The speed of light will be minimum while passing through (67th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Vacuum
B. Air
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
C. Glass
D. Water
Answer: C. glass
In order to solve this question, we should know about rarer and denser mediums. Generally, a medium in which
speed of light is maximum is known as optically rarer medium whereas the mediums in which speed of light is
minimum those mediums are known as optically denser medium. Here, we will discuss each option one by one and
later decide which medium light will pass with minimum speed.
 It’s found that Glass is much denser medium as the refractive index of pure glass lies in between 1.60−1.62
 It’s found that Air is optically a very rarer medium as the value of refractive index of air is generally found
as 1.0003
 Water is optically denser medium as compared to that of air but rarer than glass as refractive index of water
generally is 1.33
 Since, light travels fastest in vacuum so refractive index of vacuum is 1
 So, among the four options, the denser medium is glass having a refractive index of 1.60−1.62so light will travel
with minimum speed in glass.
Note: It should be remembered that, Refractive index of a medium is the ratio of speed of light in vacuum and to the
speed of light in medium written as μ=cv as the refractive index of a medium increases the value of speed of light
decreases and the speed of light in vacuum is 3×108ms−1which is maximum and it’s the universal speed limit.
76) Which of the following is not a vector quantity? (67th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Velocity
B. Torque
C. Speed
D. Displacement
Answer: C. Speed
Speed is not a vector quantity. Speed is a scalar quantity that describes how fast an object is moving without
considering its direction.
On the other hand, velocity, torque, and displacement are all vector quantities as they involve both magnitude and
direction.
77) If the spinning speed of the earth increases then the weight of the body at equator will (67th BPSC Re-
exam)
A. Decrease
B. Remain same
C. Be doubled
D. Increase
Answer: A. Decrease
 The weight of an object is the force exerted on it due to gravity.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
 The spinning motion of the Earth causes a centrifugal force at the equator, which is directed away from the
Earth's center. This centrifugal force partially counteracts the force of gravity.
 If the spinning speed of the Earth increases, the centrifugal force at the equator also increases. As a result, the
effective gravitational force on a body at the equator decreases, leading to a decrease in weight.
78) Who is the first person to define speed? (67th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Newton
B. Kepler
C. Ptolemy
D. Galileo
Answer: D. Galileo
The Italian, physicist Galileo Galilei is credited with being the first to measure speed by considering the distance
covered and the time taken. He defined speed as the distance covered per unit of time.
Newton:
 Isaac Newton’s discoveries created a launchpad for future developments in science. His most noteworthy
innovations were as follows:
 Newton’s three laws of motion set the foundation for modern classical mechanics.
 The discovery of gravitational force gave us the ability to predict the movement of heavenly bodies.
 His discovery of calculus gave us a potent mathematical tool, aiding the precise analytical treatment of the
physical world.
Kepler: Considered a pioneer in astronomy, Johannes Kepler is best known for his three laws of planetary motion.
The first and most famous law states that planets orbit in ellipses, not in circles, as was the common belief at the
time.
Ptolemy:Claudius Ptolemy was a 2nd century Greek mathematician, astronomer and geographer famous for his
controversial geocentric theory of the universe, which would form the basis of our understanding of the motions of
stars and planets for over than a thousand years.
79) What is the law in which under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, equal volumes of
all gases contain equal number of molecules? (67th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Graham’s law
B. Pascal’s Law
C. Avogadro’s Law
D. Coriolis effect
Answer: C. Avogadro’s Law
 Avogadro's Law:Avogadro's Law states that under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, equal
volumes of all gases contain an equal number of molecules. Avogadro's Law provides a basis for understanding
the relationship between the volume and amount of gas and is a key concept in the study of ideal gases.
 Graham's law: Graham's law of effusion states that the rate of effusion or diffusion of a gas is inversely
proportional to the square root of its molar mass.In simpler terms, lighter gases diffuse or effuse faster than
heavier gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
 Pascal's law: Pascal's law, also known as the principle of transmission of fluid-pressure, states that when there is
an increase in pressure at any point in a confined fluid, there is an equal increase in pressure throughout the
fluid.This principle is the foundation of hydraulic systems and explains how a small force can be multiplied to
generate a larger force using a hydraulic fluid.
 Coriolis effect: The Coriolis effect is an apparent deflection of moving objects caused by the rotation of the
Earth.It states that in a rotating reference frame, an object moving in a straight path will appear to be deflected
to one side.In the Northern Hemisphere, moving objects tend to be deflected to the right, while in the Southern
Hemisphere, they tend to be deflected to the left. The Coriolis effect influences various phenomena, such as the
rotation of weather systems and the path of ocean currents.
80) The “theory of relativity” is presented by which scientist? (67th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Issac Newton
B. Stephen Hawking
C. Marie Curie
D. Albert Einstein
Answer: D. Albert Einstein
Year Discoveries Scientist Name
1905 Photon Albert Einstein
1897 Electron J.J. Thomson
1919 Proton Ernest Rutherford
1808 Atom John Dalton
1932 Neutron James Chadwick
1687 Law of Motion Isaac Newton
1779 Coulomb Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
1827 Ohm’s Law Georg Simon Ohm
1831 Electromagnetic Induction Michael Faraday
1880 Thermionic Emission Thomas Edison
1896 Radioactivity Henri Becquerel
1898 Radium Marie Sklodowska-Curie
1900 Quantum theory Max Planck
1905 Photoelectric Effect Heinrich Rudolf Hertz
1895 X-Ray Röntgen
1905 Relativity Albert Einstein
1913 Atomic Structure Neils Bohr & Rutherford
1942 Nuclear Reactor Enrico Fermi
81) Due to temperature variation along a conductor, potential variation occurs along it. This
phenomenon is known as (67th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Joule effect
B. Seebeck effect
C. Peltier effect
D. Thomson effect
Answer: D. Thomson effect
 Thomson effect is the evolution or absorption of heat when an electric current passes through a circuit
composed of a single material that has a temperature difference along its length.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
 The Joule effect, also known as Joule heating or resistive heating, refers to the phenomenon where heat is
generated when electric current passes through a conductor with resistance. It is characterized by the conversion
of electrical energy into heat.
 The Seebeck effect, also known as thermoelectric effect, occurs when a temperature difference is applied across
a junction of two dissimilar materials, resulting in the generation of an electric potential difference or voltage.
 The Peltier effect is the reverse of the Seebeck effect. It describes the phenomenon where an electric current
passing through a junction of dissimilar materials causes a temperature difference to develop across the junction.
82) Which among the following is an incorrect option? (67th BPSC Cancelled exam)
A. Atom is electrically neutral due to presence of protons and electrons inside the nucleus.
B. Electrons are negatively charged and have negligible mass.
C. Atomic number is the number of protons in an atom of an element.
D. Isotopes are useful as nuclear fuel in medical field, in carbon dating etc.
Answer: A. Atom is electrically neutral due to presence of protons and electrons inside the nucleus.
Atom are electrically neutral because they have the same number of negatively charged electrons and Positively
charged protons. Proton is present in nucleus but electron revolves in orbit around nucleus. A neutron is a neutral
particle, carrying no charge which is present in the nucleus of the atom.
83) Select the incorrect statement out of the following: (67th BPSC Cancelled exam)
A. Cotton is suitable for use as clothing in summer because it absorbs moisture.
B. Polycarbonate is used for making CDs.
C. Acrylic is also called artificial silk as it is prepared from cotton but has shine like silk.
D. Teflon is used for coating non-stick kitchen wares
Answer: C. Acrylic is also called artificial silk as it is prepared from cotton but has shine like silk.
 Acrylic is also called artificial silk as it is prepared from cotton but has shine like silk.This statement is incorrect.
Acrylic is a synthetic fiber and is not prepared from cotton. It is not referred to as artificial silk either.
 Acrylic is often referred to as "artificial wool" because it is commonly used as a synthetic substitute for wool in
various applications such as knitwear, blankets, and upholstery.
 Acrylic fibers can mimic the softness and warmth of wool while providing additional benefits such as being
lightweight, moisture-wicking, and resistant to shrinking or stretching.
84) Which of the following statements about graphite and diamond is true? (67th BPSC Cancelled exam)
A. They have the same crystal structure.
B. They have the same hardness.
C. They have the same electrical conductivity.
D. They can undergo the same chemical reaction
Answer: D. They can undergo the same chemical reaction.
 Diamond and graphite both are the allotrope of carbon.
 Diamond has a crystalline structure but Graphite has a layered structure.
 Diamond is an insulator of electricity and Graphite is a good conductor of electricity.
 Diamond is the hardest naturally occurring substance but graphite is soft and has a greasy touch.
 Diamond and graphite are both made up of carbon and have same chemical properties as that of carbon and
they both undergo same type of chemical reactions.
The difference in the properties of diamond and graphite are:
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
DIAMOND GRAPHITE
Diamonds have a strong three-dimensional network Graphites have a two-dimensional sheet-like structure
structure
The networks are formed because of the presence of They are formed due to weak Van der Waal's forces of
covalent bonds. attraction.
They are hard in nature. They are soft in nature.
Molecules are closely packed, as a result, they have There is a large gap between molecules. Therefore, they
high density. have low density.
There is no presence of free carbon atoms in There is presence of free Carbon atoms in graphite.
diamonds.
Diamonds do not conduct electricity. Graphite conducts electricity.
85) Which of the following is the major constituent of the liquified petroleum gas? (67th BPSC Cancelled
exam)
A. Methane
B. Ethane
C. Propane
D. Butane
Answer: D. Butane
 We should know that LPG stands for Liquefied petroleum gas or liquid petroleum gas. We are already familiar
with it because we use LPG for cooking our food. The red cylinders that come to our home contain LPG. We
should know that LPG is a flammable mixture of hydrocarbon gases.
 We should know that LPG is composed of liquid or gas (vapour), depending on pressure and LPG gas
temperature. In our home, the domestic LPG composition and the commercial LPG composition are typically the
same propane, butane or a mixture of the two gases. LPG – Liquefied Petroleum Gas – is produced during natural
gas processing and petroleum refining.
 We should know that Liquefied Petroleum Gas – LPG – constituents are primarily propane, butane, butylene,
propylene and mixtures of these gases. LPG gas constituents are produced from crude oil refining and natural gas
processing. They are liquid under pressure and gas at room temperature and pressure.
 We should note that in India we use a mixture of butane and propane. In India, we use 60% butane and 40%
propane. So, the mixture of LPG major constituents is butane. The correct answer is option D.
Note: In its natural state, LPG is an odourless gas. The distinctive smell in propane that people associate with LPG is
actually added to it as a safety measure. Without the addition of a smell in propane, leaking gas could collect without
detection. The smell that we notice when there is a leak is actually the stench of an entirely different agent, called
Ethyl Mercaptan. This substance is added to the gas when it leaves the main storage terminals.
86) Water passed from the soil into the roots by a physical process called (67th BPSC Cancelled exam)
A. Diffusion
B. Transpiration
C. Absorption
D. Osmosis
Answer: D. Osmosis
 Osmosis is the physical process by which water passes from the soil into the roots of plants, driven by the
osmotic gradient and the difference in solute concentration.
 Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
 Transpiration is the process by which water is lost from the leaves of plants in the form of vapor. It occurs through
tiny openings called stomata present on the leaf surface. Transpiration creates a "pull" or suction force that helps
in the upward movement of water through the plant, but it does not directly involve the process of water
absorption by roots.
 Absorption refers to the process by which roots take up water and nutrients from the soil. It involves multiple
steps, including the physical process of water entering the roots through osmosis, as well as the active transport
of mineral nutrients across the root cells.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
87) Biodegradable wastes can usually be converted into useful substances with the help of (67th BPSC
Cancelled exam)
A. Bacteria
B. Viruses
C. Nuclear Proteins
D. Radioactive substances
Answer: A. Bacteria
 Biodegradable wastes can usually be converted into useful substances with the help of Bacteria. Biodegradable
waste includes any organic matter in which waste can be broken down into carbon dioxide, water, methane or
simple organic molecules by micro-organisms such as bacteria. Biodegradable waste can be used for composting
and are resource for heat, electricity and fuel by means of incineration or anaerobic digestion.
 Viruses: A virus is an infectious microbe consisting of a segment of nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) surrounded
by a protein coat. A virus cannot replicate alone; instead, it must infect cells and use components of the host cell
to make copies of itself.
 "Nuclear Proteins" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH
(Medical Subject Headings). Descriptors are arranged in a hierarchical structure, which enables searching at
various levels of specificity. Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell.
88) In the nighttime, it is not advised to sleep under trees because(67th BPSC Cancelled exam)
A. They liberate less amount of oxygen.
B. They liberate harmful gases at night.
C. They liberate carbon dioxide.
D. They liberate carbon monoxide.
Answer: C. They liberate carbon dioxide.
 Photosynthesis does not take place in plants during night time as the sunlight is absent and the accumulation of
carbon dioxide is more. We feel suffocated if we sleep under trees during night times when more carbon dioxide
is present around the trees.
 During photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and used to convert water, carbon dioxide, and
minerals into oxygen and energy- rich organic compounds. In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste
product.
 Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs.
Photosynthesis is largely responsible for producing and maintaining the oxygen content of the Earth’s
atmosphere and supplies most of the energy necessary for life on earth.
 The process of photosynthesis always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction
centers that contain green- colored pigment chlorophyll.
 In plants, these proteins are present inside organelles called a chloroplast.
 In these light- dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from water, producing oxygen gas.
 The three main stages of photosynthesis are:
o Harvesting Radiant Energy: the plant absorbs light with the help of chloroplast.
o Converting Radiant Energy: the plant converts light energy into a usable form of chemical energy to fuel the
plant’s cells.
o Storing Radiant Energy: plants use carbon dioxide and water from the soil to convert ATP and NADPH,
resulting in the production of sugar, fatty acids, and glycerol.
89) Insectivorous plants grow in soil deficient in (67th BPSC Cancelled exam)
A. Water
B. Magnesium
C. Nitrogen
D. Calcium
Answer: C. Nitrogen
Insectivorous plants are also referred to as carnivorous plants that consume insects and animals for the nutrition
requirement of their body. These plants have special ability to trap the insects and consume them. These plants grow
in humid areas, where moisture and sunlight is present. They also grow optimally in the soil where there is deficiency
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
of the nitrogen element. Due to deficiency of the nitrogen element which is essential for overall growth and
development of the plants, insectivorous plants consume insects in order to absorb required nutrients. Some of the
insectivorous plants are venus flytrap, cobra lily, and pitcher plant.
The insectivorous plants use attractants in order to attract the insects towards them so that they can trap and
consume them. They are colourful and shiny in appearance which helps them to attract the insects. They also contain
nectars and pleasing odour that attracts the insects towards them. These plants digest the entrapped insects in order
to fulfill their nutrient requirement, especially nitrogen.
90) Stem of a plant helps in distributing food to all parts of the plant. It also helps in –(67th BPSC
Cancelled exam)
A. Storing the food
B. Shaping the plant
C. Respiration
D. Photosynthesis
E. More than one of the above
Answer: E. More than one of the above
Following are the functions of stem:
 Stem helps in transportation of absorbed water and nutrients through vascular tissues from roots to leaves.
 Stem also transports food from the leaves to different storage organs.
 Sometimes, stem can store food which is mostly underground.
 Stem can store water by becoming fleshy as in desert plants.
 Green stem can perform photosynthesis when leaves are reduced or absent as in desert plants.
91) In transfusion, blood must be compatible not only in blood type but also in (67th BPSC Cancelled
exam)
A. Rh factor
B. The number of white cells
C. The number of red cells
D. Race of donor and recipient
Answer: A. Rh factor
In transfusion, blood must be compatible not only in blood type but also in the Rh factor.
 Before a blood transfusion, the blood is tested to determine its blood type (A, B, AB, or O) and the Rh factor (Rh
positive or Rh negative).
 The Rh factor refers to the presence or absence of a specific antigen on the surface of red blood cells.
 If an individual has the specific antigen, they are considered Rh positive (Rh+), and if they lack the antigen, they
are Rh negative (Rh–).
 It is essential to match the blood type and Rh factor of the donor with the recipient to ensure compatibility and
prevent adverse reactions.
The number of white cells, the number of red cells, and the race of the donor and recipient are not typically factors
that determine blood compatibility in transfusions. However, other factors such as blood group compatibility, cross-
matching, and screening for specific antibodies are important considerations to ensure a successful and safe blood
transfusion.
92) Pituitary gland is located in (67th BPSC Cancelled exam)

A. Intestine
B. Liver
C. Kidney
D. Brain
Answer: D. Brain
Major Endocrine Glands
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Glands Description
Pituitary gland Enclosed deep within the skull, the pituitary gland is the size of a pea. It hangs on a stalk at
the base of the brain. It consists of an anterior portion that produces hormones and a
posterior portion that has many neural links. This gland is regarded as the master gland as it
controls the functions of all the other glands (such as the adrenal, thyroid glands) in the
endocrine system. The pituitary gland stimulates the adrenal gland to secrete cortisol, a
steroid hormone controls a range of activities from controlling the body’s metabolism to
stimulating blood pressure. The pituitary gland also secretes prolactin, which stimulates the
production of milk.
Thyroid gland The thyroid glands can be found at the front of the neck. It sits low in the throat, between the
windpipe. Brownish red, it has blood vessels coursing through it. It secretes hormones that
are collectively called thyroid hormones. The most prominent are T3 and T4, which influence
the body’s rate of metabolism.
Parathyroid The parathyroid glands consist of four small glands that are located behind the thyroids in the
glands neck. They influence the calcium levels in the body by producing a hormone called
Parathyroid Hormone. Sometimes, when the gland produces excess parathyroid hormones, it
can have negative effects such as brittle bones and kidney stones.
Adrenal glands The adrenal glands sit atop the kidneys and are no larger than a walnut. These glands produce
over 150 hormones that regulate different functions in the body. The most well known is
Adrenaline, which triggers the flight or fight response. In other words, this is a stress hormone
that helps the organism to either face a dangerous situation or to avoid it altogether. It does
this by:
 Increasing blood sugar levels
 Increasing the blood supply to the muscles, particularly to the limbs.
 Dilating the pupils
 Increasing the heart rate
 Tightening the jaw muscles.
Pancreas The pancreas is exocrine as well as an endocrine gland that sits behind the stomach. It is
roughly 6 inches long and rather flat. The pancreas has two primary roles to play:
 Producing digestive enzymes
 Producing hormones such as insulin and glucagon.
Insulin is produced by the β cells in the pancreas and it helps in regulating the blood glucose
levels in the body from getting too high. As we are all aware, the lack of insulin causes type 1
and type 2 diabetes. The hormone glucagon is produced by α cells of the pancreas and it
helps the body to prevent the glucose levels from dropping too low. Lack of glucagon leads to
hypoglycemia. Another key difference between the two is insulin becomes active when the
blood glucose levels are high, and glucagon become active only when blood glucose levels are
low.
Gonads Some glands are specific to males or females. For instance, the ovaries are specific to females
and are located in the pelvic cavity. While the testes are specific to males. Ovaries produce
estrogen that is important for reproduction and female sex characteristics. Testes produce
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
testosterone that is responsible for male sex characteristics. Also, it results in increased
muscle mass and body hair.
Pineal gland The pineal gland is located between the two halves of the brain. It was also known as the
“third eye” for most of history due to its location in the brain and its connection with light.
It produces a hormone known as melatonin which influences the body’s internal clock. Also
known as the Circadian Rhythm, it influences the body’s sleep/wake cycle. Its effects are not
really noticeable unless the individual is sleep-deprived. Factors such as jet lag, or working the
night shift has a more noticeable effect on an individual because Circadian rhythm tends to
coincide with the day and night cycle. That’s why individuals who work during the night find it
hard to fall asleep during the day, and consequently stay awake for the next night.
93) The universal acceptor blood group is(67th BPSC Cancelled exam)
A. A
B. B
C. AB
D. O
Answer: C. AB
Karl Landsteiner discovered the blood groups. There are 4 main blood groups (types of blood) – A, B, AB and O. Your
blood group is determined by the genes you inherit from your parents. AB positive blood type is known as the
“universal recipient” because AB positive patients can receive red blood cells from all blood types. People with type
O- blood are called universal donors because their donated red blood cells have no A, B or Rh antigens and can
therefore be safely given to people of any blood group
94) Which of the following rays/waves are used to know the growth of fetus in the womb?(67th BPSC
Cancelled exam)
A. X-Rays
B. Microwaves
C. Ultrasonic Waves
D. Ultraviolet rays
Answer: C. Ultrasonic Waves
Ultrasonic waves Ultrasonic waves, also known as ultrasound, are high-frequency sound waves that can
penetrate through body tissues.
They are non-ionizing and considered safe for diagnostic purposes, making them suitable
for monitoring the development of a fetus during pregnancy.
It allows healthcare professionals to assess the growth, position, and well-being of the
fetus, as well as monitor the development of organs and detect any potential
abnormalities
X-rays Medical imaging to visualize bones, organs, and tissues.
Dentistry for examining teeth and jaw structures.
Security screening at airports and other locations.
Microwaves Cooking food by agitating water molecules.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Communication systems like satellite communication and radar technology.

Ultraviolet (UV) Rays Sterilization & disinfection of water, surfaces and air.
UV lamps are used to kill germs in water purifiers.
95) Pneumonia is an infection of (67th BPSC Cancelled exam)

A. Nerve
B. Blood
C. Skin
D. Lungs
Answer: D. Lungs
Pneumonia is a common disease that can have more than 30 different causes and symptoms. It is a highly contagious
lung infection characterised by inflammation of air sacs in one or both the lungs. The air sacs get filled with fluid or
pus resulting in fever, chills, cough and breathing difficulty.
96) A person standing in front of a mirror finds his image larger than himself. This implies that the mirror
is (67th BPSC Cancelled exam)
A. Concave
B. Plane
C. Convex
D. Cylindrical with bulging side outwards
Answer: A. Concave
Types of Mirrors
Following are the types of mirrors that are most widely used:
Plane mirror:
The images formed from a plane mirror are the reflected images in their normal proportions but reversed from left to
right. These are the most widely used mirrors.
Convex mirror:
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
These are the spherical mirrors that are curved outward and the image obtained is virtual, diminished and erect for a
real object.
Concave Mirror Image Formation Summary
S. Position Of Object Position of Image Size of Image Nature of Image
No
1 At Infinity At the focus F, behind the mirror Highly diminished Virtual and Erect
2 Between Infinity and the Between P and F, behind the Diminished Virtual and Erect
Pole mirror
Concave mirrors:
These are the spherical mirrors that are curved inward and the image obtained from these mirrors depends on the
placement of the object.
Concave Mirror Image Formation Summary
S. Position of Object Position of Image Size of Image Nature of Image
No
1 Object at Infinity At the Focus Highly Real and Inverted
Diminished
2 Object Beyond the Centre of Between the Centre of Diminished Real and Inverted
Curvature Curvature and Focus
3 Object at the Centre of Curvature At the Centre of Same Size Real and Inverted
or Focus Curvature
4 Object Between the Centre of Behind the Centre of Enlarged Real and Inverted
Curvature and Focus Curvature
5 Object at the Focus At Infinity Highly Enlarged Real and Inverted
6 Object Between the Focus and the Behind the Mirror Enlarged Virtual and Erect
Pole
97) A fan produces a feeling of comfort during the hot weather because (67th BPSC Cancelled exam)
A. Fan supplies cool air
B. Our body radiates more heat in the air
C. Conductivity of air increases
D. Our perspiration evaporates rapidly
Answer: D. Our perspiration evaporates rapidly.
The fast moving air increases the rate at which our bodies lose heat due to convection and evaporation. A fan
produces a feeling of comfort because our perspiration or sweating evaporates rapidly
98) Twinkling of stars in clear sky during nighttime can be explained with (67th BPSC Cancelled exam)
A. Refraction of light
B. Reflection of light
C. Polarization of light
D. Interference of light
Answer: A. Refraction of light
The twinkling of light is just due to the refraction of light through different layers. They don't actually twinkle but just
appear to be so, because of the different densities of the different layers of light. Due to different densities and
different temperatures in different layers of our atmosphere, the light ray is refracted, or bent, many times which
results in the twinkling of the light.
Why do Stars Twinkle and Planets do not?
 When the light from the stars enters the atmosphere, it collides with gas molecules and scatters (reflection and
interference). Planets are a collection of a large number of point sources of light, whereas stars are considered to
have a point source.
 We are able to see a tiny beam of light from it as the star is so far away from it. This light will get scattered from
our eyes and then back into them, almost like it is blinking on and off. The process is so fast it appears like
twinkling.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
 As compared to stars, planets are closer to us and send more light; even if some light beams get scattered away,
others get to us. So, planets do not usually twinkle.
What Is Reflection of Light?
 When a ray of light approaches a smooth polished surface and the light ray bounces back, it is called the
reflection of light. The incident light ray that land on the surface is reflected off the surface. The ray that bounces
back is called the reflected ray. If a perpendicular were drawn on a reflecting surface, it would be called normal.
 Here, the angle of incidence and angle of reflection are with respect to normal and the reflective surface.
What Is Polarization?
 Light is the interaction of electric and magnetic fields travelling through space. The electric and magnetic
vibrations of a light wave occur perpendicularly to each other. The electric field moves in one direction and the
magnetic field in another ‘perpendicular to each other. So, we have one plane occupied by an electric field,
another plane of the magnetic field perpendicular to it, and the direction of travel is perpendicular to both.
These electric and magnetic vibrations can occur in numerous planes. A light wave that is vibrating in more than
one plane is known as unpolarized light. The light emitted by the sun, by a lamp or a tube light are all unpolarised
light sources.
What is Interference of Light?
 Interference is a natural phenomenon that happens at every place and at every moment. Yet we don’t see
interference patterns everywhere. Interference is the phenomenon in which two waves superpose to form
the resultant wave of the lower, higher or same amplitude. The most commonly seen interference is the optical
interference or light interference. This is because light waves are generated randomly by most of the sources.
This means that light waves coming out of a source do not have a constant amplitude, frequency or phase.
 The most common example of interference of light is the soap bubble which reflects wide colours when
illuminated by a light source.
 For example, incandescent bulbs generate a wide range of frequencies of light, including all colours of the
rainbow. Moreover, the light coming out of the bulb is randomly generated every moment in all directions. This
means that the starting point of the wave generated may be a maximum, a minimum or any point in between.
There is no way of predicting in which phase the wave will start. Such a source is said to be incoherent.
99) Hydrogen bomb is based on the principle of (67th BPSC Cancelled exam)
A. controlled fusion reaction
B. uncontrolled fusion reaction
C. controlled fission reaction
D. uncontrolled fission reaction
Answer: B. uncontrolled fusion reaction
 Atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb are different types of nuclear bomb. Both are working with nuclear reactions.
But the only difference is how the energy is created. In an atomic bomb, a fission reaction is taking place. That is,
it will try to break the nucleus of an atom into smaller atoms. This result, the release of tremendous energy as
well as several sub atomic particles like neutrons and finally that becomes an explosion.
 Hydrogen is based on the fusion reaction. That is fusing smaller atomic nuclei into a bigger one. In this reaction
we need high energy for the initiation process. So, hydrogen bombs are started with a fission reaction. Then
followed by the fusion reaction. The energy released by a fusion reaction is approximately four times greater
than the energy released by a fission reaction.
 This name is given because, for the fusion reaction we are using tritium and deuterium. They are basically
isotopes of hydrogen. The four hydrogen nuclei can form a helium nucleus after fusion reaction. It will create a
mass defect. According to Einstein relation, mass is directly proportional to energy. At this time, they will release
around 25 MeV of energy per fusion. It is assumed that if a million fusion reactions take place, the temperature
can attain more than 10 million kelvins. In stars uncontrolled fusion reactions take place.
 Basically, the fusion reaction is uncontrollable. The controlled reactions are extensively dependent upon the
amount of fuel. Mostly, controlled nuclear chain reactions are used for constructive purposes like energy
harvesting. But the uncontrolled nuclear chain reactions have been used for destructive purposes like atom
bombs. So, the hydrogen bomb works with the principle of uncontrolled fusion reaction.
100) Food gets cooked faster in a pressure cooker because (67th BPSC Cancelled exam)
A. Water starts boiling at low temperatures due to high pressure.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
B. Water starts boiling at high temperatures due to high pressure.

C. Water starts boiling at low temperatures due to low pressure.
D. Water starts boiling at high temperatures due to low pressure
Answer: B. Water starts boiling at high temperatures due to high pressure.
Principle utilized in pressure cooker is that boiling point of water increases with increase in pressure. Because of
increase in boiling point heat provided to cooker is utilised to increase its temperature rather than converting its
state (latent heat) - water to steam
101) If the doors of a refrigerator are left open for a few houses then the room temperature will (67th
BPSC Cancelled exam)
A. decrease
B. increase
C. remain the same
D. decrease only in the area in the vicinity of the refrigerator
Answer: B. increase
The room is going to get warmer. A refrigerator is a heat engine it extracts heat from low temperature reservoir and
transfer it to high temperature. If a refrigerator’s door is kept open, then room will become hot, because then
refrigerator exhaust more heat into the room than earlier. In this way, temperature of the room increases and room
becomes hot.
102) A piece of ice is floating in a beaker containing water up to its brim. When the whole of the ice
melts (67th BPSC Cancelled exam)
A. The water will spill on the floor.
B. The level of water will come down in the beaker.
C. The level of water will first fall and then it will go out of the beaker.
D. The water level will not change.
Answer: D. The water level will not change.
 Conservation of Mass: When the ice melts, it transitions from a solid state to a liquid state, but the total mass of
the system remains the same. Therefore, the melted ice will occupy the same volume as the ice did before
melting.
 Archimedes' Principle: The buoyant force acting on an object submerged in a fluid is equal to the weight of the
fluid displaced by the object. In this case, the ice was already floating in the water, which means that it displaced
an amount of water equal to its own weight.
 Melting of the Ice: When the ice melts, it transforms into water, but the water already occupies the same volume
as the ice did. Therefore, there is no additional water added to or removed from the system.
Combining these points, we can conclude that the water level will not change in the beaker when the ice melts. The
melted ice will simply mix with the existing water in the beaker, maintaining the same level as before.
103) Which of the following is not correctly matched? (67th BPSC Cancelled exam)
A. Voltmeter: Potential difference
B. Ammeter: Electric Current
C. Potentiometer: Electromotive force
D. Galvanometer: Electrical resistance
Answer: D. Galvanometer: Electrical resistance
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Galvanometer is an instrument used for measuring a small electrical current or a function of the current by
deflection of a moving coil.
IMPORTANT MEASURING DEVICES
Devices/Equipments Uses
Accumulator It serves as a kind of electrical energy storage.
Altimeter It is used in aeroplanes to measure altitude.
Ammeter Electric current strength is measured by this instrument (in amperes).
Anemometer It calculates the wind's speed and force.
Audiometer It gauges the intensity of sound.
Audiphones It is used for improving the imperfect sense of hearing.
Barograph It is utilised for continuous atmospheric pressure recording.
Barometer It is used to measure atmospheric pressure. It is used in weather forecasting.
Binocular It is utilised to see faraway objects.
Bolometer It measures heat radiation
Calorimeter It is used to gauge how much heat a material emits or absorbs. It is employed in
thermodynamics and chemistry.
Carburettor It is used in an internal combustion engine for charging the air with petrol vapour.
Cardiogram It tracks the heart's motion as it is captured on a cardiograph.
Chronometer It establishes a location's longitude on a ship.
Cinematography It is a tool used in filmmaking to project an enlarged picture of the photograph on the screen.
Colorimeter a device for contrasting hue intensity.
Commutator An instrument to change or remove the direction of an electric current, in dynamo is used to
convert alternating current into direct current.
Cresco graph It measures the growth in plants.
Cyclotron It is a charged particle accelerator that is capable of raising the energy of charged particles.
Dynamo Mechanical energy is transformed into electrical energy by it.
Dynamometer It computes power, torque, and force.
Electroscope It detects the presence of an electric charge.
Endoscope It looks at the body's interior organs.
Eudiometer a glass tube used to measure volume changes in gas chemical processes.
Fathometer It computes the ocean's depth.
Galvanometer It measures small-amplitude electric currents.
Hydrometer It computes the liquids' specific gravities.
Hydrophone It gauges underwater sound.
Hygrometer It gauges the air's humidity.
Kymograph It graphically records physiological movements (Blood pressure and heartbeat).
Lactometer It determines the purity of milk.
Manometer Gas pressure is measured by it.
Mariner’s compass It is a tool that sailors use to identify the direction.
Microphone It amplifies the sound and changes the sound waves into electrical vibrations
Microscope It is used to view small objects or organisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye. It is
used in biology, medicine, and research.
Odometer An instrument by which the distance covered by wheeled vehicles is measured.
Periscope It is used to view objects above sea level (used in submarines)
Photometer The instrument compares the luminous intensity of the source of light
Potentiometer It is used for comparing the electromotive force of cells.
Pyrometer It measures very high temperatures.
Quartz Clock A highly accurate clock used in astronomical observations and other precision work
Radar Radio, angle, detection and range is used to detect the direction and range of an approaching
aeroplane by means of radio microwaves
Radiometer It measures the emission of radiant energy.
Rain Gauge An apparatus for recording rainfall at a particular place.
Rectifier An instrument used for the conversion of AC into DC.
Refractometer It measures the refractive index.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Saccharimeter It measures the amount of sugar in the solution.

Salinometer It determines the salinity of the solution.
Seismograph It measures the intensity of earthquake shocks.
Sextant This is used by navigators to find the latitude of a place by measuring the elevation above the
horizon of the sun or another star.
Spectrometer It is used to measure the intensity of light absorbed by a substance. It is used in chemistry
and biology.
Spectroscope An instrument used for spectrum analysis
Speedometer It is an instrument placed in a vehicle to record its speed.
Spherometer It measures the curvatures of surfaces.
Sphygmomanometer It measures blood pressure.
Stereoscope It is used to view two-dimensional pictures.
Stroboscope It is used to view rapidly moving objects.
Tachometer An instrument used in measuring the speeds of aeroplanes and motor boats.
Teleprinter This instrument receives and sends typed messages from one place to another.
Telescope It is used to view distant objects in space. It is used in astronomy.
Theodolite It measures horizontal and vertical angles.
Thermometer It is used to measure temperature. It is used in medicine, meteorology, and other fields that
require temperature measurement.
Thermostat It regulates the temperature at a particular point.
Transistor A small device which may be used to amplify currents and perform other functions usually
performed by a thermionic valve
Udometer It is used to measure the amount of liquid precipitation over a set period of time. It is also
called Rain Gauge.
Vernier An adjustable scale for measuring small subdivisions of scale
Viscometer It measures the viscosity of liquids.
Voltmeter It measures the electric potential difference between two points.
104) If a feather, a rubber ball and a wooden ball are falling freely simultaneously from the same
height in a vacuum then(67th BPSC Cancelled exam)
A. The feather will reach the ground first.
B. The rubber ball will reach the ground first.
C. The wooden ball will reach the ground first.
D. All three will reach the ground together.
Answer: D. all the three will reach at the ground together
All of the objects will fall with the same speed, because there is no air resistance in the vacuum, and gravitational
force acts same on all the objects. Hence in the vacuum, every object will reach at the ground together.
105) When a soap film on the water is seen in the daytime, it shows beautiful colors. This
phenomenon is due to (67th BPSC Cancelled exam)
A. Diffraction of light
B. Refraction of light
C. Polarization of light
D. Interference of light
Answer: D. Interference of light
 We are asked to find which phenomenon is involved in formation of colour in soap bubble.First let us know how
soap bubbles appear colored. When light enters a soap bubble some part of the light gets reflected from the
outer surface and some part of the light gets refracted and enters inside and gets reflected from the other inner
surface of the soap bubble.
 Therefore, there are two sets of light waves that travel back to our eyes. These two sets of waves combine
together or we can say there is interference of waves. Waves travel in the form of wavefronts, therefore there is
division of wavefronts when the light waves come out of the soap bubble which is why the soap bubble appears
to be coloured. Therefore, soap bubble appears coloured due to the phenomenon of interference by division of
wavefront.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
106) The mass number of a nucleus is (67th BPSC Cancelled exam)

A. The sum of the numbers of neutrons and protons.
B. The total mass of neutrons and protons.
C. Always more than the atomic weight.
D. Always less than its atomic number.
Answer: A. The sum of the numbers of neutrons and protons.
The mass number of an atom is its total number of protons and neutrons. Atoms of different elements usually have
different mass numbers , but they can be the same. For example, the mass number of argon atoms and calcium
atoms can both be 40.
The other options are not correct:
 The total mass of neutrons and protons: The mass number represents the total number of nucleons, not the
mass itself.
 Always more than the atomic weight: The atomic weight is the average mass of all the isotopes of an element,
taking into account their relative abundances. The mass number of a specific nucleus may or may not be greater
than the atomic weight, depending on the isotopic composition of the element.
 Always less than its atomic number: The atomic number represents the number of protons in the nucleus, which
is not necessarily equal to the mass number. The mass number can be greater or equal to the atomic number,
but not less.
107) Which of the following is the main ingredient of cement? (67th BPSC Cancelled exam)
A. Limestone
B. Silica Clay
C. Gypsum
D. Ash
Answer: A. Limestone
Limestone, due to its high calcium carbonate content, serves as the main ingredient in the production of cement
Cement is most important construction material. Its ingredient are as follows :
 Lime- 60.65%
 Magnesia 1–3%
 Alkaline 0–1%
 Silica 17–25%
 Alumina 3–8%
 Iron oxide 0.5–6%
 Calcium Sulfate 0.1–0.5%
 Sulfur Trioxide 0–1%
108) Isotopes of an element differ in(67th BPSC Cancelled exam)

A. The number of protons.
B. The mass number.
C. The number of electrons.
D. The atomic number.
Answer: B. The mass number.
The atoms of different isotopes are atoms of the same chemical element, they differ in the number of neutrons in
the nucleus.
 Isotopes:Isotopes are different versions of an element, distinguished by the number of neutrons they contain.
For instance, consider Uranium isotopes 23592 U and 23992 U. While they have the same number of protons,
their neutron counts differ, with 143 for the former and 147 for the latter. This additional neutron dramatically
alters the properties of the atom. Isotopes can be classified as stable or radioactive. Stable isotopes remain intact
without any spontaneous disintegration. At the same time, radioactive isotopes are too unstable to sustain
themselves and eventually break down into lighter elements through the emission of particles like alpha, beta,
and gamma rays.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
 Isobar:A series of elements with 40 mass numbers serves as a good example of an

isobar; 4016S, 4017Cl, 4018Ar, 4019K, and 4020Ca. are all elements with the same number of nucleons (protons
and neutrons). There are the same number of particles in the nucleus of all of the above-mentioned elements,
but their protons and neutrons vary in number.
 Isotones:It is an atom containing the same neutron number but a different proton number that is called an
isotone. For example, 3616S, 3717Cl, 3818Ar, 3919K, and 4020Ca contain all 20 neutrons and are all isotones of
20. In order to tap the explosive power of the nucleus, nuclear energy and radioactivity utilize unstable isotopes
of heavy elements.
Examples of Isotopes, Isobars, and Isotones
 Isotopes Example -: Let’s consider hydrogen. It has three isotopes: protium (1H), deuterium (2H), and tritium
(3H). All three have one proton, but they differ in the number of neutrons (0, 1, and 2, respectively).
 Isobars Example – Take calcium-40 and potassium-40. Calcium-40 has 20 protons and 20 neutrons, while
potassium-40 has 19 protons and 21 neutrons. Despite different atomic numbers, they have the same mass
number, 40.
 Isotones Example – Boron-10 and carbon-14 can serve as examples. Boron-10 has 5 protons and 5 neutrons,
while carbon-14 has 6 protons and 8 neutrons. These isotones share the same number of neutrons, which is 5.
109) The temperature point at which solid, liquid and gaseous states may stay together is known as
(67th BPSC Cancelled exam)
A. Boiling point
B. Melting point
C. Freezing point
D. Triple point
Ans: D. Triple point
 In thermodynamics, the triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases of
that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium. It is that temperature and pressure at which the
sublimation, fusion, and vaporisation curves meet.
 The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the pressure
surrounding the liquid and the liquid changes into a vapor. The boiling point of a liquid varies depending upon
the surrounding environmental pressure.
 The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. At the melting
point the solid and liquid phase exist in equilibrium. The melting point of a substance depends on pressure and is
usually specified at a standard pressure such as 1 atmosphere or 100 kPa.
 In science, the freezing point is the exact temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid. For water, the freezing
point is 32 degrees Fahrenheit or 0 degrees Celsius. The term freezing point describes a moment of transition,
much as the melting point captures the moment when ice turns from a solid to a liquid.
110) The most important ore of aluminium is (67th BPSC Cancelled exam)
A. Bauxite
B. Calamine
C. Calcite
D. Galena
Ans. A. Bauxite
Bauxite is the most common aluminum ore. Approximately 98% of primary aluminum production is based on
bauxite.
IMPORTANT METALS AND THEIR ORES
METAL ORES CHEMICAL FORMULA
Sodium(Na) Chile Saltpeter NaNO3
Trona Na2CO3, NaHCO3.3H2O
Borax Na2B4O7.10H2O
Common Salt NaCl
Calcium(Ca) Dolomite CaCO3.MgCO3
Calcite CaCO3
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Gypsum CaSO4.2H2O
Fluorspar CaF2
Asbestus CaSio3.MgSiO3
Aluminium(Al) Bauxite Al2O3.2H2O
Corundum Al2O3
Feldspar K Al Si3 O8
Cryolite Na3AlF6
Alunite K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.4Al(OH)3
kaolin 3Al2O3.6SiO2.2H2O
Potassium(K) Nitre(salt peter) KNO3
Carnalite KCl.MgCl2.6H2O
Magnesium(Mg) Magnesite MgCO3
Dolomite MgCO3.CaCO3
Epsom salt MgSO4.7H2O
Kieserite MgSO4.H2O
carnalite KCl.MgCl2.6H2O
Strontium(Sr) Strontianite SrCO3
Silestine SrSO4
Copper(Cu) Cuprite Cu2O
Copper glance Cu2S
Copper pyrites CuFeS2
Silver(Ag) Ruby silver 3Ag2 S.Sb2S3
Horn silver AgCl
Gold(Au) Calaverite AuTe2
Silvenites [(Ag,Au)Te2]
Barium(Ba) Barytes BaSO4
Zinc(Zn) Zinc blende ZnS
Zincite ZnO
calamine ZnCO3
Mercury(Hg) Cinnabar HgS
Tin(Sn) Casseterite SnO2
Lead(Pb) Galena PbS
Antimony(Sb) Stibenite Sb2S3
Cadmium(Cd) Greenocite CdS
Bismuth(Bi) Bismuthite Bi2S3
Iron(Fe) Haemetite Fe2O3
Lemonite 2Fe2O3.3H2O
Magnetite Fe3O4
Siderite FeCO3
Iron Pyrites FeS2
Copper pyrites CuFeS2
Cobalt(Co) Smelite CoAsS2
Nickel(Ni) Milarite NiS
Manganese(Mn) Pyrolusite MnO2
Magnite Mn2O3.2H2O
Uranium(U) Carnotite K(UO)2.VO4.3H2O
Pitch blende U3O8
111) Which among the following solutions has a pH value more than 7? (67th BPSC Cancelled exam)
A. Buffer solution
B. Basic Solution
C. Acidic solution
D. Neutral Solution
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Ans: B. Basic Solution

 pH of Neutral Solution (Pure Water): pH of water is 7. Whenever the pH of a solution is 7, it will be a neutral
solution. Such a solution will have no effect on any litmus solution or any other indicator.
 pH of an Acidic Solution:All the acidic solutions have a pH of less than 7. So, whenever a solution has a pH less
than 7, it will be acidic in nature and it will turn blue litmus into the red as well as methyl orange pink and
phenolphthalein colourless.
 pH of a basic solution: All the alkaline solution has a pH of more than 7. So, whenever a solution has more than 7
values then it will be basic in nature and it will turn red litmus to blue, methyl orange to yellow and
phenolphthalein to pink.
 Buffer Solution:A Buffer Solution or a buffer is defined as a solution whose pH does not change when small
amount of an acid or base is added in it. It is used as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value in a wide
variety of chemical applications. Many life forms thrive only in a relatively small pH range so they utilize a buffer
solution to maintain a constant pH. In nature, the bicarbonate buffering system is used to regulate the pH of
blood. The solution of Sodium Acetete and Acetic acid is an example of an effective buffer solution. The solution
in which buffer solution is accomodated that works like an extremely slow acid.
112) In the following, which is the fundamental physical quantity? (66th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Force
B. Velocity
C. Electric Current
D. Work
Ans: C. Electric current
Fundamental physical quantities are those that cannot be defined in terms of other physical quantities but serve as
the base units of measurement in a system of units.
113) An example of longitudinal wave is (66th BPSC Re-exam)

A. Radio Wave
B. Sound Wave
C. X-Ray
D. Gamma Ray
Ans: B. Sound Wave
Longitudinal Waves :
 Longitudinal waves are waves in which the displacement of the medium is in the same direction as, or the
opposite direction to, the direction of propagation of the wave.
 In longitudinal waves, the oscillations occur in the direction of the wave.
 After stretching if spring is left, longitudinal waves originate in it.
 The places where the circles of spring are very near called compression and the places where circles of spring are
far away are called rarefaction.
 The distance between two consecutive compressions or rarefactions is called wavelength of longitudinal waves.
 Longitudinal waves are originated in all mediums i.e. solid, liquid & gas.
 A sound wave (in air and in any fluid medium) is the standard example of a longitudinal wave.
 Along with propagating transverse waves on the surface of the liquid, longitudinal waves can be propagated
inside the liquid.
 Longitudinal waves are always mechanical waves.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Chart of Electromagnetic Waves

Sl. Name of Discoverer Wavelength Applications
No. Wave range
1 Gamma Rays Henry Becquerel 10–14 to 10–10 m It has maximum penetrating power. Its application
Paul Villard is in nuclear reaction and artificial radioactivity.
Gamma rays can kill living cells, they are used to
kill cancerous cells. This technique is called
Radiotherapy
2 X-Rays Wilhelm Rontgen 10–10 to 3×10–8 m Its application is in the field of medical and in
industries.
3 Ultraviolet Johann Ritter 10–8 to 4×10–7 m Hospitals use UV lamps to sterilise surgical
Rays equipment and the air in operating theatres. Food
& drug companies also use UV lamps to sterilize
their products. Suitable doses of ultraviolet rays
cause the body to produce Vitamin D.
4 Visible - 4×10–7 m to It is the visible spectrum that is visible to the
Radiation 7.8×10–7 m human eyes and is responsible for the sense of
(light) sight.
5 Infrared Rays William Herschel 7.8×10–7 m to 10– These waves are responsible for heating of any
3
m object. These are used in night vision cameras and
in TV remote control
6 Shortwave Heinrich Hertz 10–3 to 1 m These are used for the transmission of radio &
Radio or television signals. The microwaves used in RADAR
Hertizan and microwave oven also use Radio waves. Many
waves celestial objects, such as pulsars emit radio waves.
(Microwaves)
7 Longwave Marconi 1 to 104 m Applied in the transmission of radio & televisions
Radio Programmes.
114) Dispersion of light is possible by (66th BPSC Re-exam)

A. Prism
B. Convex lens
C. Concave lens
D. Simple mirror
Ans: A. Prism
When white light is passed through a glass prism it splits into its spectrum of colours (in order violet, indigo, blue,
green, yellow, orange and red) and this process of white light splitting into its constituent colours is termed
as dispersion. The simplest way to explain dispersion is through dispersion in the prism.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Convex Lens
 Convex lens is thick in center but thin at corner.
 Convex lens is also known as a converging lens because it converges the parallel light rays at one point. Its focal
length is positive. Objects appear closer and larger and their images are real and inverted through a convex lens.
 Convex lens is used to correct far-sightedness/ hypermetropia, an eye defect in which near objects are not clearly
visible but long-distance objects are clearly visible
Concave Lens
 Concave lens is thin at the centre but thick at the corner.
 It is also known as a divergent lens because it diverges the parallel light rays. Its focal length is negative. Objects
appear smaller and farther through the concave lens and their images are virtual.
 Concave lens is used to correct near-sightedness/ myopia, an eye defect in which far objects are not clearly
visible but near objects are clearly visible.
Simple mirror
 A simple mirror reflects light, but it does not cause dispersion of light.
 When light rays strike a mirror, they undergo reflection, where the angle of incidence equals the angle of
reflection.
115) At which temperature, the Celsius and Fahrenheit scale coincides? (66th BPSC Re-exam)
A. 0°
B. 10°
C. –40°
D. 40°
Ans: C. –40°
Formula Used:
=°C100
(° ) °
=
Complete step by step answer:
Celsius scale was introduced by Andres Celsius. In Celsius scale water is taken as the base and certain standard
values are set with respect to water, for example the boiling point of water is 100 degree Celsius and melting point
of ice is 0 degree Celsius.
The Fahrenheit scale was introduced by Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit. According to this scale the boiling point of
water is taken as 212 degree Fahrenheit and the melting point of ice as 32 degree Fahrenheit. This gives the exact
difference of 180.
The relation between the Fahrenheit and Celsius scale is given by the equation.
(° ) °
⇒ =
Now, let us assume that Fahrenheit and Celsius scale coincide at x∘
(° ) °
Therefore, =
On solving,
We get,
⇒ (°x−32)=°x
Therefore,⇒x=−40°
Therefore, Celsius and Fahrenheit scale coincide at -40 degrees.
116) The power of lens is measured in (66th BPSC Re-exam)

RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
A. Watt
B. dioptre
C. ampere
D. volt
Ans: B. dioptre
The power of a lens is measured in Dioptre.
117) To diagnose the medical conditions, MRI technique is used. Which is not used in MRI? (66th BPSC
Re-exam)
A. Magnetic field
B. X-ray
C. Radio Wave
D. Gamma ray
Ans: B. X-ray
Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive imaging technology that produces three dimensional anatomical
images. It is used for disease detection, diagnosis and treatment monitoring. It is based on sophisticated technology
that excites and detects the changes in the direction of rotational axis of protons found in the living tissues which
contains Water. MRI Technique generally uses, magnetic field, gamma rays and radio waves. X-rays are not used in
MRI.
118) When a sound wave goes from one medium to another, the quantity that remains unchanged
is(66th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Frequency
B. Wavelength
C. Amplitude
D. Speed
Ans: A. Frequency
When sound waves travel from one medium to another, the frequency never changes. If the wave travel into the
dense medium, the speed and wavelength decreases and amplitude increases.
119) Light year is a unit of (66th BPSC Re-exam)

A. Time
B. Distance
C. Speed
D. Force
Ans: B. Distance
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
 Light year is a unit of astronomical distances. It is equal to the distance travelled by light in one year. It is
equivalent to about 9.46 trillion kilometers.
 Speed is the distance travelled per unit of time. It is a scalar quantity and its SI unit is metre/second.
 Distance refers to the separation between two points or objects in physical or abstract terms. Distance can be
measured in various units such as meters, kilometers, miles, or astronomical units, depending on the scale being
considered. Distance is a scalar quantity, meaning it only considers the magnitude or size of the separation,
without any specific direction. In order to measure very large distance (distance of astronomical objects) we use
the following units Astronomical unit, Light year, and Parsec.
 Force is a vector quantity that represents the interaction between two objects, resulting in the ability to change
an object's motion or shape. Force can cause an object to accelerate, decelerate, change direction, or deform.
Force is measured in units called newtons (N) and is calculated by multiplying mass by acceleration (F = m×a)
according to Newton's second law of motion.
120) Which particle is free of charge? (66th BPSC Re-exam)

A. Alpha particle
B. Electron
C. Neutron
D. Proton
Ans: C. Neutron
 Electron: An electron is negatively charged sub-atomic particle. It can be either free (not attached to any atom)
or bound to the nucleus of an atom. Electrons in atoms exist in spherical shells of various radii, representing
energy levels. The charge on an electron is (-) 1.6022 × 10-19 coulomb. The electron has a mass that is
approximately 1/1837 that of the proton or 9.109 × 10-31 kg. It was discovered by J.J. Thomson (1897). Atomic
mass unit of the electron is 0.0005486.
 Proton: A proton is a positively charged sub-atomic particle. The charge on a proton is (+) 1.6022 × 10-19
coulomb. Its weight is 1.6726 × 10-27 kg. Its atomic mass unit is 1.00727. It was first discovered by Goldstein as
anode rays (1886) and finally identified and named by Rutherford (1919). Note : The number of electrons is equal
to the number of protons in an atom with an equal charge of opposite nature. Hence the atom is neutral.
 Neutron: It is a neutral sub-atomic particle so its name is neutron. Its mass is slightly larger than that of proton i.e
1.0087 amu. It was discovered by James Chadwick (1932). Note : Atomic mass unit (amu) is defined as precisely
1/12 of the mass of an atom of Carbon-12.
 Alpha particle: An alpha particle consists of two protons and two neutrons. It carries a positive charge of +2e
(twice the elementary charge, where e represents the elementary charge). Alpha particles were first discovered
by Ernest Rutherford during his experiments on radioactive decay.
121) Ohm-meter is unit of (66th BPSC Re-exam)

A. Resistance
B. Conductance
C. Resistivity
D. Charge
Ans. C. Resistivity
 Resistivity is a measure of a material's ability to resist the flow of electric current. It is measured in Ohm-meter.
 Resistance is measured in ohms (Ω).
 Conductance is measured in siemens (S) or mho (Ω⁻¹).
 Charge is measured in coulombs (C).
122) The chemical formula of sapphire (Ruby) is (66th BPSC Re-exam)

A. Al2O3
B. Al3O2
C. N2O
D. NO2
Ans. A. Al2O3
Sapphire is a variety of Corundum or Aluminum oxide. Its chemical formula is Al2O3
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
123) The quality of petrol is expressed by (66th BPSC Re-exam)

A. Cetane number
B. Octane number
C. Butane number
D. Reynolds number
Ans. B. Octane number
 Octane number:The ignition quality of petrol is expressed by octane number. It is a value used to rate the fuel's
resistance to knocking. Higher the octane number, the more resistant the petrol is to knocking.
 Cetane number: Cetane number is an indicator of the combustion speed of diesel fuel and compression needed
for ignition. It plays a similar role for diesel as octane rating does for gasoline.
 Reynolds number: In fluid dynamics, the Reynolds number is a dimensionless quantity that helps predict fluid
flow patterns in different situations by measuring the ratio between inertial and viscous forces. At low Reynolds
numbers, flows tend to be dominated by laminar flow, while at high Reynolds numbers, flows tend to be
turbulent.
124) Which of the following has the highest melting point? (66th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Boron
B. Iron
C. Silicon
D. Aluminium
Ans. A. Boron
Out of the given options Boron has higher melting point (2076°C). Due to small atomic size boron forms strong
covalent bonds with the neighbouring atoms that is why it has high melting and boiling points.
 Melting Point of Iron - 1538°C
 Melting Point of Silicon - 1410°C
 Melting point of Aluminium - 660.3°C
Boron is used in a variety of applications, including:
 Production of borosilicate glass, used in laboratory equipment and high-temperature applications.
 Nuclear industry, where boron compounds are used as neutron absorbers.
 Semiconductor industry, where boron is used as a dopant in silicon-based devices
Aluminium is a lightweight and corrosion-resistant metal, commonly used in:
 Construction and architecture, including doors, windows, and roofing.
 Transportation industry, for manufacturing aircraft, cars, and bicycles.
 Packaging materials, such as aluminum cans and foils.
 Electrical industry, for power transmission lines and wiring.
125) An example of antibiotic medicine is (66th BPSC Re-exam)

A. Aspirin
B. Paracetamol
C. Chloroquine
D. Penicillin
Ans. D. Penicillin
Antibiotics are medicines that fight infections caused by bacteria. They work by killing the bacteria or by making it
hard for the bacteria to grow or multiply. Out of the given options penicillin is an antibiotic. Aspirin and Paracetamol
are antipyretic while chloroquine is antimalarial.
DRUGS
 Antipyretics -Antipyretics are substances that reduce fever.
o Examples : Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), paracetamol, phenacetin.
 Analgesics -The term Analgesics encompasses a class of drugs that are designed to relieve pain
without causing the loss of consciousness
o Example-Aspirin (2- acetoxybenzoic acid) and Paracetamol (2- Acetamidophenol).
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
 Antiseptic -Antiseptics are antimicrobial substances that are applied to living tissue/skin to reduce
the possibility of infection, sepsis or putrefaction (the process of decay or rotting in body).
o Examples Chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine, chloroxylenol, isopropyl alcohol, hexachlorophene,
benzalkonium chloride, and hydrogen peroxide
 Tranquillizer -A medicinal drug taken to reduce tension or anxiety is known as tranquillizer.
o Example: iproniazid and phenelzine
 Antibiotics - Antibiotics are such chemicals that inhibit the growth of microorganisms or destroy
them. Antibiotics are obtained or formed from living cells. The first antibiotic penicillin was
discovered by Alexander Flemming (1929) from Penicillium notatium, a fungus. Antibiotics do not
work on viruses.
126) The major component of CNG is (66th BPSC Re-exam)

A. CO2
B. N2
C. H2
D. CH4
Ans. D. CH4
The major component of CNG (compressed natural gas) is methane (CH4). When the natural gas is compressed at
high pressure, it is termed "compressed natural gas" (CNG).
C.N.G. offers many advantages, such as –
 It burns cleaner, i.e. it produces very less greenhouse gases when compared to the traditional fuels.
Carbon emission produced by it is very less.
 Since C.N.G. is not toxic, it does not contaminate groundwater.
 Vehicles operating on CNG fuels produce a lot less noise when compared to gasoline and diesel vehicles, thus
reducing noise-pollution.
 It is also very cost effective.
 It is also very less flammable and is not a big risk for fire hazards, when compared to other fuels.
127) The component (s) of acid rain is/are (66th BPSC Re-exam)
A. HNO3
B. H2SO4
C. CO2
D. Both (a) and (b)
Ans. D. Both (a) and (b)
Acid rain or acid deposition is a broad term that includes any form of precipitation with acidic components, such as
sulfuric or nitric acid that fall to the ground from the atmosphere in wet or dry forms.
This can include rain, snow, fog, hail or even dust that is acidic.
When SO2 (Sulphur Dioxide) and NOx (Nitrogen Oxide) combine with water and oxygen in the atmosphere, they form
sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and nitric acid (HNO3), respectively.
128) The chemical formula for heavy water is (66th BPSC Re-exam)
A. H2O
B. N2O
C. D2O
D. CuO
Ans. C. D2O
 D2O:Heavy water (D2O) is basically water composed of deuterium. It is also known as deuterium oxide.
Deuterium is the hydrogen isotope with a mass double that of ordinary hydrogen. (Ordinary water is represented
by H2O.) Heavy water has a molecular weight of about 20 (the sum of twice the atomic weight of deuterium,
which is 2, in addition to the atomic weight of oxygen that is 16), whereas ordinary water has a molecular weight
of about 18 (twice the atomic weight of ordinary hydrogen, which is 1, plus oxygen, which is 16).
 Uses of Heavy Water
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
o
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: Since the signal from H2O solvent molecules interact and block the signal from
the molecule of interest, D2O is used. D2O has a different magnetic moment and hence makes it convenient
to be used in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
o In Organic Chemistry: Specifically labelled isotopologues of organic compounds require deuterium for their
preparation. D2O is often used as a source for Deuterium.
o Neutron Moderator: D2O is used as a neutron moderator in certain types of nuclear reactors. It helps in
slowing down neutrons so that the probability of them reacting with the fissile uranium-235 than with
uranium-238 increases. This, in turn, helps in capturing neutrons without fissioning.
o Neutrino Detector: Neutrinos react with heavy water to produce flashes of lights.
o Metabolic Rate Testing in Physiology and Biology: Conducting tests to check the safety of mean metabolic
rate in humans and animals requires heavy water as part of a mixture with H218O.
o Tritium Production: Tritium is created in small amounts in heavy water moderated reactors.
 H2O : This is the chemical formula for water, also known as light water, which consists of two hydrogen atoms and
one oxygen atom.
 N2O : This is the chemical formula for nitrous oxide, also known as laughing gas.
 CuO : This is the chemical formula for copper (II) oxide, which is a compound formed by the combination of
copper and oxygen.
129) The pH value of water is (66th BPSC Re-exam)

A. 4
B. 7
C. 12
D. 18
Ans. B. 7
Pure water has a PH value of about 7. It is considered as neutral because it has neither acidic nor basic properties.
Things to remember about pH Value and concentration
 An acid solution having low pH is stronger than another solution having higher pH values. A solution having pH of
2 is stronger than a solution having pH of 5.
 An alkali solution having a higher pH value is stronger than a solution of pH 10.
 Very Strong acids solution can have pH values less than zero and very strong basic solutions can pH greater than
14.
pH values of the common substance from our daily
life
Solution pH Solution pH
Conic HCl 0 Saliva (before meal) 7.4
Oil HCl 1.0 Saliva (after meal) 5.8
Gastric Juice 1.4 Blood 7.4
Lemon Juice 2.5 Eggs 7.8
Vinegar 4.0 Toothpaste 8.0
Tomato Juice 4.1 Baking Soda 8.5
Solution
Coffee 5.0 Washing Soda 9.0
Solution
Soft Drink 6.0 Milk of Magnesia 10.5
Milk 6.5 Household 11.6
Ammonia
Pure Water 7.0 Dilute Sodium 13.0
Hydroxide
Concentrated 14
Sodium Hydroxide
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
130) The Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 2019 was awarded for the development of (66th BPSC Re-exam)
A. LED
B. LCD
C. Lithium-ion-batteries
D. MRI
Ans. C. Lithium-ion-batteries
 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2019 was awarded for the development of lithium-ion batteries. John B.
Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham, and Akira Yoshino received the award for their contributions to advancing
the technology of lithium-ion batteries.
 LED stands for Light-Emitting Diode.
 LCD stands for Liquid Crystal Display.
 MRI stands for Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
131) Natural rubber is a polymer of(66th BPSC Re-exam)

A. Isoprene
B. Vinyl acetate
C. Styrene
D. Propene
Ans. A. Isoprene
Natural Rubber
 Natural rubber is a polymer made up of a chemical molecule called isoprene. Chemical formula of isoprene is
C5H5.
 It is a native of the Amazon basin which was introduced to countries in the tropical belts of Asia and Africa in the
late nineteenth century.
 Climatic conditions required for Rubber
 Rubber trees require moist and humid climates with heavy rainfall of more than 200 cm.
 It grows well in equatorial climates and temperatures above 25 degrees Celsius.
 Rubber trees require well-drained, weathered soils.
132) The chemical used for destroying fungi in water tank is (66th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Nitric acid
B. Zinc Sulphate
C. Magnesium Sulphate
D. Copper Sulphate
Ans. D. Copper Sulphate
Copper sulphate is commonly used as a fungicide in water treatment processes to eliminate fungi in water tanks. It is
an effective and widely used chemical due to its antifungal properties.
Nitric Acid
 Nitric Acid is a inorganic compound with chemical formula HNO3.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
 It is a highly corrosive mineral acid, fuming, colourless and plays a important role in the manufacture of fertilisers
and explosives.
 It is also known as the spirit of niter and aqua fortis. In its pure form, it is colourless but as it gets older it turns
into a yellow cast. This colour appears due to the decomposition of Nitric acid to oxides of nitrogen and water. It
is highly corrosive and toxic. It causes severe skin burn. It reacts with hydroxides, metals, and oxides to form
nitrate salts.
 HNO3 is used as a strong oxidizing agent. It can be manufactured by the catalytic oxidation of ammonia. It is a
common reagent used in laboratories and an important chemical used in industries to manufacture explosives
and fertilizers. The PH of Nitric acid is approximately 3.01.
 Uses of Nitric Acid
o It is used to produce ammonium nitrates to manufacture plastic, dye, and fertilizers
o It is used in making explosives such as TNT
o It is used in liquid-fueled rockets as an oxidizer
o In its pure form, it is used in the removal of the wart
o It is used as a chemical doping agent in electrochemistry
Zinc Sulfate
 ZnSO4 is an inorganic compound with the chemical name Zinc Sulfate.
 Zinc Sulfate is a dietary supplement. It was historically called white vitriol. It is also known as Zincate, Zinc sulfate
(1:1). This compound is listed on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines. You must avoid
taking this medication with foods that are high in phosphorus or calcium because it can make it harder for your
body to absorb.
 Zinc Sulfate is odourless and has a white powder appearance. Zinc Sulfate is non-combustible and soluble in
water. It emits toxic fumes of zinc oxide and sulphur oxides during decomposition. It is widely used in the
prevention and treatment of zinc deficiency.
 Zinc Sulfate (ZnSO4) Uses
o Medically it is used along with oral rehydration therapy.
o It acts as a coagulant in the production of rayon.
o It is used as a preservative for leathers.
o It is used in zinc electroplating as an electrolyte.
o It is used as a mordant in dyeing.
o It is used in the brewing process as a zinc supplement.
o It is used as an astringent in eye drops and lotions.
o It is used to treat acne.
o You can take zinc sulfate with food if you are suffering from stomach upset.
Magnesium Sulphate (MgSO4)
Magnesium Sulphate, also popularly known as Epsom salts, is used in therapeutic baths. Generally, Magnesium
Sulphate is a naturally occurring mineral used to regulate lower blood levels of magnesium. Magnesium Sulphate is a
white colour crystalline solid which is soluble in water but not soluble in ethanol. The most important utilisation of
Magnesium Sulphate is made in agricultural activities to maintain the soil deficient in magnesium. It is used as an
essential and effective plant nutrient because magnesium is present in the process of chlorophyll and photosynthesis
of plants. Magnesium Sulphate is naturally obtained from natural sources like dry lake beds. After obtaining it from
natural sources it goes under various processes where it is made and reacted with other chemicals.
133) Which of the following is not a component of chlorophyll? (66th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Calcium
B. Carbon
C. Magnesium
D. Hydrogen
Ans. A. Calcium
 Chlorophyll is the main component of the plant cell, it is the green coloured pigment that present in the cell
organelle names as plastid and it is specially present on the thylakoids membrane inside the plastid.
 We chemically study the chemical structure of the chlorophyll then we came to know that the chemical formula
of chlorophyll will be C55H72O5N4Mg . This will be the chemical structure of chlorophyll.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
 From the chemical structure of the chlorophyll we came to know that the chlorophyll has a hydrocarbon chain
centrally located with Magnesium (Mg). Along with it have a porphyria ring in which Mg ion is centrally located.
 The types of the chlorophyll changed according to the side chain that was present on the porphyrin ring. Here
central ion magnesium and the porphyria ring is the main root of the structure and the rest character gets
changed according to the nature of the side chain that is present on the ring.
134) Water in plants is transported by (66th BPSC Re-exam)

A. Xylem
B. Epidermis
C. Phloem
D. Cambium
Ans. A. Xylem
Xylem is the complex tissue of plants that helps in the transportation of water and nutrients in the plant. Phloem
refers to the living tissue which helps in the transportation of food and organic materials in the plant.
Epidermis:
 The epidermis is the outermost cellular layer that covers the whole plant structure, that is, it covers roots, stem,
and leaves or the whole animal body.
 It is composed of a single layer of living cells, even though there are exceptions.
Functions of the Epidermis:
In plants: In animals:
 The epidermal cells will protect the  The outermost layer of the skin, the epidermis, provides a
underlying cells. waterproof barrier and creates skin tone.
 The waxy cuticle will prevent the  Beneath the epidermis, the dermis contains tough connective
loss of moisture from the leaves tissue, hair follicles, and sweat glands
and stems.  Hydration: The outermost layer of the epidermis (stratum corneum)
 The transparent epidermal cells retains moisture, keeping the skin moist and healthy.
will allow sunlight for  Generation of new skin cells: New skin cells originate in the lowest
photosynthesis to pass through the layer of the epidermis (basal layer) and migrate up through the
chloroplasts in the mesophyll other layers with age. It reaches the outermost layer of the
tissue. epidermis after about a month. There, skin cells slough off the body
 The stomata of leaves and stems as new cells develop at the bottom layer.
allow the gaseous exchange to take  Protection: The epidermis acts like armor to protect the body from
place which is necessary for damage such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, pathogens (bacteria,
photosynthesis and respiration. viruses, fungi, parasites), and chemicals.
 The water vapour may be given off  Skin color: The epidermis contains cells called melanocytes, which
through the stomata during produce melanin. Melanin is a group of pigments that give skin its
transpiration. color.
 Epidermis is cornified to resist
abrasion.
 Cambium tissue is the layer of cells in a plant that provides unspecialized cells to promote growth. Cambium
tissues contain, and are instrumental in producing, meristemic cells which are also unspecialized. The cambium
tissue layer of cells is located between the xylem and phloem structures of the plant.
135) During photosynthesis, green plants absorb (66th BPSC Re-exam)

A. Oxygen
B. Nitrogen
C. Carbon Monoxide
D. Carbon dioxide
Ans. D. Carbon dioxide
Photosynthesis:
Photosynthesis is the primary source of food, where light energy is transformed into chemical energy. During
photosynthesis, green plants capture light energy and use it to convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals. These
components are converted into oxygen and organic compounds. Organic compounds are sugar and energy-rich in
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
nature. Chlorophyll, the green pigment, is essential for the process of photosynthesis. In the Photochemical phase,
the following actions take place:
 Light absorption: Chlorophyll absorbs violet-blue and reddish-orange wavelengths of visible light, except for
green colour. The green pigment reflects the green and yellow-green wavelengths
 Water splitting: Water is broken down into oxygen and hydrogen in the chloroplast in a chemical reaction. Light
energy remains absorbed by chlorophyll
 Releasing of Oxygen: From the water, oxygen is released. Water and carbon dioxide are absorbed during
photosynthesis. The water molecules slowly get converted into oxygen and sugar. Sugar molecules provide
energy, whereas oxygen gets released into the atmosphere
 ATP and NADPH: The light energy gets converted into chemical energy. In plants, hydrogen is bonded to NADP,
which produces NADPH, which generates ATP. A proton is connected to the coenzyme NADP, which becomes
NADPH, an energy currency for plants
136) Oxygen is absent in _____. (66th BPSC Re-exam)

A. Glass
B. Soil
C. Cement
D. Kerosene
Ans. D. Kerosene
Out of the given options kerosene does not have oxygen. Its chemical formula is C12H26-C15H32 and is a hydrocarbon
while glass [which is based on silica (SiO2)], soil and cement contain oxygen.
137) The source of the enzyme “Lipase” is (66th BPSC Re-exam)

A. Kidney
B. Pancreas
C. Liver
D. Heart
Ans. B. Pancreas
 Digestive enzymes are the enzymes that break down polymeric macromolecules into smaller building blocks to
facilitate their absorption by the body.
 Our digestive system does not absorb the food we eat, it absorbs nutrients in the form of simpler molecules.
Food needs to be broken down from products like steak and broccoli into amino acids (from proteins), fatty acids
and cholesterol (from fats), and sugars (from carbohydrates) along with vitamins, minerals, and a variety of
animal and plant compounds.
 If we don’t have sufficient digestive enzymes, our food cannot be broken down. That means that even if we eat
well, we aren’t absorbing good nutrition.
 Digestive enzymes convert the food into smaller molecules that your tissues, cells, and organs utilize for many
metabolic functions. It takes some time to complete this process and results in amino acids, glycerol, fatty acids
and simple sugars. When you chew and break food into small pieces, special enzymes produced in different parts
of your digestive region start acting to complete the process.
Amylase
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Amylase is defined as a digestive enzyme that breaks starch into small carbohydrate molecules. This enzyme is
produced in two areas. Firstly, salivary glands in our mouth generate salivary amylase that starts the process of
digestion by breaking down starch and converting it into maltose and smaller carbohydrate. Cells in the pancreas also
produce a different type of amylase, known as pancreatic amylase that travels via a duct to reach the small intestine.
Pancreatic amylase finishes the digestion of carbohydrates, producing glucose.
Protease
This enzyme breaks down protein into amino acids, which are its building blocks. The three main protease enzymes
are trypsin, pepsin, and chymotrypsin. Special cells produce an enzyme, called pepsinogen in your stomach that
converts into pepsin when it comes in contact with the acid surrounding the stomach. Pepsin breaks some chemical
bonds in the protein, creating smaller molecules known as peptides. The pancreas makes chymotrypsin and trypsin,
enzymes that are liberated into the small intestine through the pancreatic duct.
Lipase
Lipase enzyme breaks down dietary fats into smaller molecules known as glycerol and fatty acids. A little quantity of
lipase, known as gastric lipase is produced by the cells of the stomach. This enzyme mainly digests fat present in the
food. The pancreas is the primary source of lipase in the digestive tract, which produces pancreatic lipase which acts
in the small intestine. The bile produced in the liver and liberated in the intestine transforms dietary fat into small fat
globules. Pancreatic lipase acts on these fat globules and converts them into glycerol and fatty acids which are small,
energy molecules. Glycerol and fatty acids move in the blood and lymph vessels to move in every part of the body.
Although amylase, lipase, and protease are the major enzymes that your body utilizes to digest food, there are many
other specialized enzymes also contributing to the process.
138) BCG vaccine is used for the prevention of (66th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Smallpox
B. Typhoid
C. Tuberculosis
D. Plague
Ans. C. Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis
 Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It can practically affect any organ
of the body. The most common ones are the lungs, pleura (lining around the lungs), lymph nodes, intestines,
spine, and brain.
 It is an airborne infection that spreads through close contact with the infected, especially in densely populated
spaces with poor ventilation.
BCG Vaccine:
 BCG was developed by two Frenchmen, Albert Calmette and Camille Guerin, by modifying a strain of
Mycobacterium bovis (that causes TB in cattle). It was first used in humans in 1921.
 In India, BCG was first introduced in a limited scale in 1948 and became a part of the National TB Control
Programme in 1962.
 In addition to its primary use as a vaccine against TB, it protects against respiratory and bacterial infections of
the newborns, and other mycobacterial diseases like Leprosy and Buruli’s ulcer.
 It is also used as an immunotherapy agent in cancer of the urinary bladder and malignant melanoma.
Typhoid
 Typhoid fever is a life-threatening systemic infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar
Typhi (commonly known as Salmonella Typhi) carried only by humans – no other animal carrier has been
found.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
 Symptoms and signs of typhoid range from mild to severe, can last for about one month without treatment,
and may include: fever, fatigue or tiredness, malaise (general feeling of unwellness), sore throat, persistent
cough, headache.
Smallpox
 About: Smallpox is a contagious disease, caused by the Variola Virus (VARV).
 Transmission: It transmits through the droplets released from coughing, sneezing, and face to face contact
with an infected person.
 Eradication: One of the deadliest diseases known to mankind, it is also the only one to have been eradicated
by vaccination.
o In 1980, this was declared as completely eradicated after the global immunization campaign led by
the World Health Organization (WHO) with the help of the smallpox vaccine.
 Vaccine: The first effective vaccine was discovered by Edward Jenner in 1796.
Plague
Plague is a class of dangerous, life-threatening and infectious diseases mainly caused by the gram-negative, rod-
shaped coccobacillus called Yersinia pestis. This bacterium is mainly found in animals like rodents or rats, and then
it is transmitted through the insects that feed on the blood of these animals. This disease is called by several
names: Black Plague – as the black rats are the carrier of this dangerous disease.
139) Which hormone is produced by pancreas? (66th BPSC Re-exam)

A. Thyroxine
B. Insulin
C. Galanin
D. Gastrin
Ans. B. Insulin
Endocrine Glands and the Hormones Secreted
 Hypothalamus: It controls the body temperature, regulates emotions, hunger, thirst, sleep, moods and allow the
production of hormones.
 Pineal: Pineal is also known as the thalamus. It produces serotonin derivatives of melatonin, which affects sleep
patterns.
 Parathyroid: This gland helps in controlling the amount of calcium present in the body.
 Thymus: It helps in the production of T-cells, functioning of the adaptive immune system and maturity of the
thymus.
 Thyroid: It produces hormones that affect the heart rate and how calories are burnt.
 Adrenal: This gland produces the hormones that control the sex drive, cortisol and stress hormone.
 Pituitary: It is also termed as the “master control gland,”. This is because the pituitary gland helps in controlling
other glands. Moreover, it develops the hormones that trigger growth and development.
 Pancreas: This gland is involved in the production of insulin hormones, which plays a crucial role in maintaining
blood sugar levels.
 Testes: In men, the testes secrete the male sex hormone, testosterone. It also produces sperm.
 Ovaries: In the female reproductive system, the ovaries release estrogen, progesterone, testosterone and other
female sex hormones.
List of Important Hormones
 Cortisol – It has been named as the “stress hormone” as it helps the body in responding to stress. This is done by
increasing the heart rate, elevating blood sugar levels etc.
 Estrogen-This is the main sex hormone present in women which bring about puberty, prepares the uterus and
body for pregnancy and even regulates the menstrual cycle. Estrogen level changes during menopause because
of which women experience many uncomfortable symptoms.
 Galanin is a neuropeptide that acts as a neurotransmitter and hormone in the body. It is widely distributed in the
brain and peripheral tissues, where it plays various roles in regulating numerous physiological functions. Galanin
is involved in the modulation of pain, regulation of appetite and energy balance, control of hormone release,
modulation of sleep and circadian rhythms, and regulation of mood and behavior.
 Melatonin – It primarily controls the circadian rhythm or sleep cycles.
 Progesterone – It is a female sex hormone also responsible for menstrual cycle, pregnancy and embryogenesis.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
 Testosterone – This is the most important sex hormone synthesized in men, which cause puberty, muscle mass
growth, and strengthen the bones and muscles, increase bone density and controls facial hair growth.
140) Which among the following help in circulation of blood? (66th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Lymphocytes
B. Monocytes
C. Erythrocytes
D. Blood Platelets
Ans. A. Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cells that are made in bone marrow and found in the blood and lymph tissue.
They are part of lymphatic system that collect excess fluid from cells and tissues and returns it to blood stream,
helping in the easy circulation of blood. Therefore, out of the given option lymphocytes help in blood circulation.
Red blood cells (Erythrocytes)
RBCs are biconcave cells without nucleus in humans; also known as erythrocytes. RBCs contain the iron-rich protein
called haemoglobin; give blood its red colour. RBCs are the most copious blood cells produced in bone marrows.
Their main function is to transport oxygen from and to various tissues and organs.
Monocytes
 These cells usually have a large bilobed nucleus, with a diameter of 12 to 20 micrometres.
 The nucleus is generally half-moon shaped or kidney-shaped and it occupies 6 to 8 per cent of WBCs.
 They are the garbage trucks of the immune system.
 The most important functions of monocytes are to migrate into tissues and clean up dead cells, protect against
bloodborne pathogens and move very quickly to the sites of infections in the tissues.
 These white blood cells have a single bean-shaped nucleus, hence referred to as Monocytes.
Platelets (Thrombocytes)
 Thrombocytes are specialized blood cells produced from bone marrow.
 Platelets come into play when there is bleeding or haemorrhage.
 They help in clotting and coagulation of blood. Platelets help in coagulation during a cut or wound.
141) Angora wool is extracted from (66th BPSC Re-exam)

A. Rabbit
B. Fox
C. Goat
D. Sheep
Ans. A. Rabbit
Animals Yielding Wool
Wool fibres are obtained from sheep, goat, angora rabbits, goats, alpaca and even camels.
 Sheep – Most sheep have two types of hair from which the wool is obtained. The outer coarse hair is known as
Kemp. The fine, soft undercoat close to the skin is the true wool from which wool fibre is obtained.
 Cashmere goat – The fine soft fibre obtained from the undercoat of the cashmere goat is called cashmere. The
outer coat hair fibres are quite coarse and high quality cashmere is obtained by “dehairing” or combing.
Cashmere goats are found only in mountain regions of China.
 Yak – Yaks are found in Tibet and Ladakh. Their coats consist of outer long coat hair and an undercoat of soft and
silky wool. The colour usually ranges from brown to black.
 Camel – Camel fleece consists of a soft, fine undercoat and an overcoat of long coarse hair that grows up to 15
inches long. Camel wool is considered a healthy natural product. It has excellent thermal insulation properties.
 Angora rabbit – Soft white fibre called goraw wool is obtained from the angora rabbit. Stiff, long, guard hair
growing through the soft coat has to be removed before the fur from these rabbits is combed out. The soft white
fur obtained is then spun into yarn that is used to make sweaters.
142) The radiation used in the treatment of muscle aches are (66th BPSC exam)
A. Infrared
B. Microwave
C. UV
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
D. X-ray
Ans. A. Infrared
Sir Frederick William Herschel discovered infrared radiation. Infrared radiation (IR), sometimes known as infrared
light, is electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with wavelengths longer than those of visible light.
Uses, Applications, and Examples of Infrared Radiation
Following are the areas of use of infrared waves:
 Heat Source
Two different industries use infrared radiation as a heat source, and they are:
o Medical uses: Infrared radiation finds application as a heating source. There are infrared saunas used to treat
high blood pressure and rheumatoid arthritis. Infrared radiation is considered to be one of the safest
methods of physiotherapy.
o Manufacturing industries: Industries which concentrate on manufacturing processes such as forming of
plastics, curing of coatings, plastic welding, etc., use infrared heaters in place of contact heating and
convection ovens.
 Cosmetology Application
o Infrared rays are widely used for cosmetic applications such as treating skin injuries, smoothing wrinkles,
reducing the occurrence of dandruff, blackheads, etc. Infrared rays are used because they can penetrate the
skin up to 3-4 mm. They also warm the skin resulting in improved blood circulation and a continuous supply
of oxygen and other nutrients to the skin.
 Astronomy
o Astronomers use optical devices such as mirrors, solid-state digital detectors, and lenses to study objects
from space with the help of infrared waves. The images from these optical devices are obtained with the help
of an infrared telescope.
 Massage Therapy
o Infrared rays are used for warming the skin and for relaxing the muscles. Infrared rays are preferred because
of their penetration quality through the skin.
 Infrared Photography
o Infrared filters are used for capturing pictures in infrared photography. This imaging is done for objects that
are placed in the near-infrared spectrum. Most digital cameras use infrared blockers making the near-
infrared appear as a purple-white colour in the final image.
 Infrared Communication
o Data transmission with the help of infrared radiation is very common in short-range communication. For
encoding the data, infrared light-emitting diodes are used, which emit infrared radiation and are focused into
a narrow beam with the help of a plastic lens. At the receiver end, a photodiode is placed to convert infrared
radiation into electric current.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
143) The total resistance of a circuit having two parallel resistors is 1.403 kilo-ohm. If one of the
resistors is 2.0 kilo-ohm, then the other resistor will be (66th BPSC exam)
A.1.403 kilo-ohm
B.2.0 kilo-ohm
C.3.403 kilo-ohm
D.4.70 kilo-ohm
Ans. D. 4.70 kilo-ohm
Total Resistance (R) = 1.403 kilo-ohm
R1 =2.0 kilo-ohm.
1.403kilo ohm =1403 ohm
2 kilo ohm =2000 ohm
Now for parallel combination:
1/R= 1/R1 + 1/R2
1 1 1
= +
1403 2000 𝑅2
R2 = 4700.16 ohm
R2 ≈ 4.72 kilo-ohm
144) On heating, the resistance of a semiconductor (66th BPSC exam)

A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. First increases then decreases
D. Remains same
Ans. B. Decreases
When a material is heated the valence band and conduction band moves due to the energy from the heat. In the
case of conductors, the valence band and conduction band overlap and resistance increase. In the case of
semiconductors, the valence band conduction band has a gap before it is heated. When the semiconductor is heated
the gap becomes small and resistance decreases because of the availability of electrons.
Hence when a semiconductor is heated its resistance decreases.
145) Faraday constant (66th BPSC exam)

A. Depends upon the amount of the electrolyte
B. Depends upon the current passed in the electrolyte
C. Depends on the volume of the solvent in which the electrolyte is dissolved
D. Is a universal constant
Ans. D. Is a universal constant
In physics as well as in Chemistry, Faraday represents the magnitude of electric charge per mole of the electron.
Faraday is equivalent to the Faraday constant. Denoted by the symbol F. The constant was named after Michael
Faraday. It has got plenty of applications in electrolysis.
146) Light year is a unit of (66th BPSC exam)

A. Time
B. Speed
C. Distance
D. Intensity of light
Ans. C. Distance
The light year is a unit of distance: It is defined as the distance that light travels in one year in a vacuum. Since light
travels at a constant speed of approximately 299,792,458 meters per second (m/s), the distance covered by light in
one year is about 9.46 trillion kilometers (or about 5.88 trillion miles).The light year is commonly used to measure
astronomical distances, especially when discussing the vast distances between celestial objects in space.
Intensity of light: Intensity of light refers to the amount of energy carried by a light wave per unit of area and per unit
of time. It is commonly measured in units such as watts per square meter (W/m²) or its multiples like kilowatts per
square meter (kW/m²).
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
147) The velocity of electromagnetic waves is (66th BPSC exam)

A. 3 × 108ms–1
B. 3 × 107ms–1
C. 3 × 106ms–1
D. 3 × 105ms–1
Ans. A. 3 × 108ms–1
Velocity of an electomagnetic wave is property which is dependent on the medium in which it is travelling.
Electromagnetic waves are the composition of oscillating electric and magnetic field. These waves travel with a
constant velocity of 3×108 ms-1 in a vacuum.
Electromagnetic Waves :
 Contrast to mechanical waves, some waves need no medium for propagation.
 These waves are called electromagnetic waves
 Examples of electromagnetic waves are X-rays, light, radio waves etc.
 The speed of all electromagnetic waves are the same and all travel equal speed to the speed of light in a vacuum.
 The electromagnetic spectrum covers electromagnetic waves with frequencies ranging from below one hertz to
above 1025 hertz, corresponding to wavelengths from thousands of kilometres (108 m) to a fraction of the size of
an atomic nucleus (10-14 m).
 Electromagnetic waves with the shortest range of wavelength have higher energy while with longest wavelength
range have less energy.
148) Which one of the following does not change when light travels from one medium to another?
(66th BPSC exam)
A. Velocity
B. Wavelength
C. Frequency
D. Refractive Index
Ans. C. Frequency
Frequency is the property of light that does not change when light travels from one medium to another whereas,
wavelength , speed of light, Velocity and Refractive index changes when light travels from one medium to another .
149) The first man who placed his foot on the moon is (66th BPSC exam)
A. Leonov
B. Neil Armstrong
C. Michael Collins
D. James Van Allen
Ans. B. Neil Armstrong
 Neil Armstrong, became the first man who walked on the moon on 20th July 1969. Neil Armstrong, Edwin Buzz
Aldrin and Michael Collins were the astronauts in Apollo 11 space mission conducted by U.S.A.
 Michael "Mike" Collins was an Italian-American astronaut who flew the Apollo 11 command module Columbia
around the Moon in 1969 while his crewmates, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin, made the first crewed landing on
the surface. He was also a test pilot and major general in the U.S. Air Force Reserve.
 James Alfred Van Allen was an American space physicist at the University of Iowa. He was instrumental in
establishing the field of magnetospheric research in space.
150) The number of neutrons in the nucleus of plutonium nuclide ( 94Pu242) is (66th BPSC exam)
A. 94
B. 148
C. 242
D. 336
Ans. B. 148
In the case of Plutonium-242 (94Pu242):
 The atomic number is 94, indicating that it has 94 protons.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
 The mass number is 242, which represents the total number of protons and neutrons.
 Number of neutrons = Mass number (protons + neutrons) - Atomic number (protons)
 Number of neutrons = 242 – 94 = 148
151) The highest viscosity among the following is of (66th BPSC exam)
A. Water
B. Air
C. Blood
D. Honey
Ans. D. Honey
Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. As the viscosity increases, the flow rate decreases. All fluids,
gases having low density have low viscosities and those having high density have the high viscosity. Among the above
given options, honey has highest Viscosity.
The order of viscosity from lowest to highest among the given options is: Air < Water < Blood < Honey
152) Milk is a poor source of (66th BPSC exam)

A. Calcium
B. Protein
C. Vitamin C
D. Carbohydrate
Ans. C. Vitamin C
Milk contains high quantities of vitamins A & B such as thiamine, nicotinic acid and riboflavin, although it is low
source of vitamin C & E. Calcium, Sodium, Phosphorus & Potassium are major minerals in milk. It is colloidal
suspension of proteins. Lactose is the main carbohydrate. Lactose is disaccharide found only in milk & dairy products.
153) Glucose is converted to ethyl alcohol by the enzyme (66th BPSC exam)
A. Maltase
B. Invertase
C. Zymase
D. Diastase
Ans. C. Zymase
Zymase enzyme converts glucose into ethanol through process of fermentation. This enzyme is used in the
preparation of alcoholic beverages commercially.
Ethyl Alcohol (Ethanol) :
 Ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH) is commonly called alcohol.
 It is found in forms of ethyl esters of carboxylic acids in fruits, plants and fragrant oils.
 It is the main component of all types of wines, so it is called the spirit of wines.
 It is made from the fermentation or chemical breakdown of sugars by yeast, so it is also called grain alcohol.
Uses of Ethyl Alcohol :
 Ethanol is present in alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine, whisky, etc. So, it is also called drinking alcohol.
 Ethanol is used as antiseptic for sterilizing wounds.
 Ethanol is used in cough syrups, digestive syrups and tonics.
 Ethanol is being mixed with petrol and is used as motor fuel. This mixture is called power alcohol.
 A mixture of ethanol and water has a lower freezing point than water. This mixture is known as antifreeze and is
used in radiators of vehicles in cold countries and at hill stations.
 Ethanol is used for the preparation of chloroform, iodoform, etc.
 Ethanol is used as a hypnotic (induces sleep).
 Ethanol is used in the preparation of methylated spirit.
 Ethanol is used to preserve the biological specimens.
 Ethanol is used in spirit level and alcohol thermometer
Pancreatic juice :
Pancreatic juice is a liquid secreted by the pancreas, which contains a variety of enzymes.
The enzymes present in pancreatic juice are as follows :
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
 Amylase– It converts starch into disaccharides.

 Trypsin– It converts protein into smaller peptides which are then further hydrolized into amino acids.
 Lipase– It converts fat into glycerol and fatty acids.
 Elastase– It break down proteins.
 Nuclease– It breaks down the nucleic acid into nucleotide.
Digestion in Ileum :
The ileum is the lower part of the small intestine and the largest section of the alimentary canal.The inner wall of the
ileum contains secretary cells, some of which secrete mucus and other secrete an alkaline fluid known as internal
juice succus entericus. The arrival of chyme in the ileum stimulates the secretion of intestinal juice.
The juice contains the following enzymes that carry out digestive functions which are as follows–
 Erepsin–breaks down peptones into amino acids.
 Lipase–breaks down fats into fatty acid and glycerol.
 Maltase–breaks down maltose into glucose.
 Sucrase–speeds up the breakdown of sucrose into glucose and fructose.
 Nucleotidase–It breaks down the nucleotide into nitrogen base, sugar and phosphoric acid.
154) The breath test conducted by police to check drunker driver has which one of the following on
filter paper? (66th BPSC exam)
A. Potassium dichromate-Sulphuric acid
B. Potassium Permanganate-Sulphuric acid
C. Silica gel coated with silver nitrate
D. Turmeric
Ans. A. Potassium dichromate-Sulphuric acid
A breath test used by traffic police to check drunken driving uses potassium dichromate-sulphuric acid. When alcohol
vapor makes contact with the dichromatic crystals, the colour changes from yellow to green. The degree of colour
change is directly related to the level of alcohol in person's breath
155) Lime water is turned milky by (66th BPSC exam)

A. CO
B. CO2
C. O2
D. O3
Ans. B. CO2
Carbon dioxide is the gas that reacts with calcium hydroxide solution, limewater, to produce a white precipitate of
calcium carbonate. Limewater is a solution of calcium hydroxide as mentioned above. When carbon dioxide is
bubbled through the limewater solution, the limewater turns milky or cloudy white. Carbon dioxide which is also
commonly known by its chemical formula CO2, is one of the major building blocks of life on earth. CO2 is consumed
by plants in the process of photosynthesis and is produced by animals during respiration. Carbon dioxide is all around
us and it is also one of the greenhouse gases which maintain the temperature of the earth. Following is the reaction
which takes place when it is added to lime water.
Ca(OH)2+CO2→CaCO3
When excess of the gas is passed through the solution the equilibrium shifts backwards and the solution turns
colourless again.
156) The incomplete burning of petrol and diesel produces (66th BPSC exam)
A. Nitric Oxide
B. Nitrogen dioxide
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Carbon monoxide
Ans. D. Carbon monoxide
 Incomplete combustion is called a process in which a reaction occurs between oxygen and fuel (petrol and diesel)
giving products carbon monoxide(CO) and water.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
 The general reaction of incomplete combustion can be given as:

Hydrocarbon+Oxygen(O)→CarbonMonoxide(CO)+Carbon(C)+Water(H2O)
 Incomplete combustion occurs when combustion occurs without a sufficient supply of oxygen.
 Incomplete combustion can also produce pure carbon soot, which is messy and can build up in chimneys.
Nitrogen oxide
 Petrol and diesel are known as carbon-containing hydrocarbons, hence the incomplete combustion of these can
generate carbon monoxide as the product.
 As in hydrocarbons, there is no nitrogen substance present, thus nitrogen oxide does not form as the product in
the incomplete combustion.
 Hence, the given option is the incorrect one.
Carbon dioxide
 Incomplete combustion of fuel such as petrol and diesel generally gives carbon monoxide as the product,
whereas carbon dioxide is not produced during the process.
 Thus, the given option does not coincide with the correct concept.
157) The pH of a solution changes from 3 to 6. The H+ ion concentration will (66th BPSC exam)
A. Increase 3 times
B. Decreases 3 times
C. Decrease 10 times
D. Decrease 1000 times
Ans. D. Decrease 1000 times
We know that pH is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. Thus,
pH=−log[H+]
Thus,
[H+]=10−pH
Using the above equation, calculate the concentration of hydrogen ion (H+)when the pH of the solution is 3. Thus,
[H+]=10−3
Using the above equation, calculate the concentration of hydrogen ion (H+) when the pH of the solution is 6. Thus,
[H+]=10−6
The H+ ion concentration of the solution when pH is 3 is 10−3and the H+ ion concentration of the solution when pH is
6 is 10−6. Thus, the pH is reduced by 1000 times.
Thus, if the pH of a solution is increased from 3 to 6, then H+ ion concentration of the solution will be reduced by
1000 times.
Thus, the correct option is (D) reduced by 1000 times.
158) A mixture of sand and naphthalene can be separated by (66th BPSC exam)
A. Sublimation
B. Distillation
C. Chromatography
D. Fractional distillation
Ans. A. Sublimation
Sublimation
Sublimation can be defined as the transition of a substance from solid phase to gaseous phase without changing into
liquid phase. This process is an endothermic phase transition. De-sublimation or deposition is the reverse of this
process in which a gas is directly converted into solid state.
Elements and compounds mainly possess three different states at various temperatures. The transition from solid
state to gaseous state requires transition of solid state to liquid state and liquid state to gaseous state. But some
solids can directly convert to their gaseous state. There are various examples of sublimation which are experienced
by us in our everyday life.
Best example of sublimation is dry ice which is a frozen form of carbon dioxide. When dry ice gets exposed to air, it
directly changes its phase from solid state to gaseous state which is visible as fog. Frozen carbon dioxide in its
gaseous state is more stable than in its solid state. Another well-known example of sublimation is naphthalene which
is an organic compound. Naphthalene is usually found in pesticides such as mothball. This organic compound
sublimes due to the presence of non-polar molecules that are held by Van Der Waals intermolecular forces. At a
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
temperature of 176F naphthalene sublimes to form vapours. It de-sublimates at cool surfaces to form needle-like
crystals. Sublimation finds practical application in forensic sciences. Dye-sublimation printers help in rendering digital
pictures in a detailed and realistic fashion which helps in the analysis of substances. Chemists usually prefer
sublimation as purification method to purify volatile compounds.
Distillation
 Distillation refers to the selective boiling and subsequent condensation of a component in a liquid mixture. It is a
separation technique that can be used to either increase the concentration of a particular component in the
mixture or to obtain (almost) pure components from the mixture. The process of distillation exploits the
difference in the boiling points of the components in the liquid mixture by forcing one of them into a gaseous
state.
 Some important applications of distillation are listed below.
o Distillation plays an important role in many water purification techniques. Many desalination plants
incorporate this method in order to obtain drinking water from seawater.
o Distilled water has numerous applications, such as in lead-acid batteries and low-volume humidifiers.
o Many fermented products such as alcoholic beverages are purified with the help of this method.
o Many perfumes and food flavourings are obtained from herbs and plants via distillation.
o Oil stabilization is an important type of distillation that reduces the vapor pressure of the crude oil, enabling
safe storage and transportation.
o Air can be separated into nitrogen, oxygen, and argon by employing the process of cryogenic distillation.
o Distillation is also employed on an industrial scale to purify the liquid products obtained from chemical
synthesis.
Applications of Chromatography
In bio analytical chemistry, chromatography is mainly used for the separation, isolation and purification of proteins
from complex sample matrices. In cells for example, proteins occur alongside numerous other compounds such as
lipids and nucleic acids. In order to be analysed, these proteins must be separated from all the other cell
components. Then the proteins of interest might have to be isolated from other proteins and purified further.
Chromatography is an essential part of almost any protein purification strategy. A number of different
chromatographic techniques are used for the purification and analysis of proteins. They can be classified according to
the physical principle involved in the separation process. Typical examples include reversed phase chromatography,
ion exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography and size exclusion chromatography.
Applications of Fractional Distillation
 Fractional distillation is used for the purification of water as well as for separating ethanol and water.
 Fractional distillation is used in several industries like oil refineries and chemical plants mainly for purification and
separation of many organic compounds.
 Fractional distillation is also used for the separation of (liquefied) air. Components like liquid nitrogen and oxygen
as well as concentrated argon are obtained.
 Distillation is used in the production of high-purity silicon from chlorosilanes. The silicon is widely used in
semiconductors.
159) The numbers of sigma and pi bonds in benzene are: (66th BPSC exam)
A. 3, 3
B. 3, 6
C. 12, 3
D. 12, 6
Ans. C. 12, 3
Sigma bond is a chemical bond formed by the linear or co-axial overlapping of the atomic orbitals of two atoms. A pi
bond is a type of covalent bond that exists between atoms where the electrons are on top and bottom of the axis
connecting the nuclei of the joined atoms. It is formed by the parallel or lateral overlapping of the atomic orbitals.
Benzene is an aromatic compound of carbon and hydrogen. The molecular formula for benzene is
C6H6.
Let us draw the structure of Benzene.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
To calculate the number of sigma bonds in this, we can draw the skeletal structure by only drawing the sigma bonds –
As we can see, there are 6 C-H bonds, 6 C-C bonds.

Therefore, we can say that there are a total of 12 sigma bonds in benzene.
Now, looking at the structure of benzene, we can see that there are 3 C=C bonds.
Therefore, there are 12 sigma bonds and 3 pi bonds. Benzene is therefore made up of 15 covalent bonds.
Therefore, the answer is – option (C) – The number of sigma and pi bonds in benzene are 12 and 3, respectively.
Additional Information:One single bond contains one sigma bond; a double bond contains one sigma and one pi
bond.Similarly, a triple bond contains one sigma and two pi bonds.
160) The elements present in urea are (66th BPSC exam)

A. C, H, O
B. C, N, O
C. C, H, N
D. C, H, N, O
Ans. D. C, H, N, O
Urea Formula
Urea has four elements which are carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen. It has a molar mass of 60.06 g/mole and
has two amide groups and a carbonyl group. The structural and chemical formula of urea is discussed in the following
points.
Urea Chemical Formula
The molecule of urea has 2 amide groups (i.e.-NH2) which is joined by a carbonyl group (i.e. C=O). The chemical or
molecular formula of urea is written as-
Chemical Formula of Urea: CO(NH2)2
161) The poorest conductor of heat among the following is (66th BPSC exam)
A. Copper
B. Lead
C. Mercury
D. Zinc
Ans. B. Lead
The materials which cannot transfer heat are poor conductors. Poor conductors are also called insulators, copper,
lead, zinc are the good conductor of heat. Mercury is the poor conductor of heat but a good conductor of electricity.
Thermal conductivity of mercury is 8 & thermal conductivity of copper is 385 (w/m.k).
Good conductors of heat:
 Materials that allow heat to pass through them easily are called good conductors of heat.
 The reason metals conduct heat so well is because the electrons in them can move around easily, and they can
carry heat from one part to another.
 Metal atoms are packed more densely and can transmit heat vibrations more readily.
 While most non-metallic solids are said to be good insulators, having extremely high resistance to the flow of
charge through them.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
 Metals like copper and aluminium have the highest thermal conductivity while steel and bronze have the lowest.
 As copper is an excellent conductor of heat, it is good for heat exchangers also.
 Example: Gold, Silver, Iron, etc are some examples of good heat conductors and electrical conductors.
162) The vitamin which is effective in blood clotting is (66th BPSC exam)
A. Vitamin-A
B. Vitamin-B
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin-K
Ans. D. Vitamin-K
Vitamin K is a responsible factor for blood clotting or coagulation. Without vitamin K, blood coagulation is seriously
impaired and uncontrolled bleeding occurs. Vitamin K is known as antihemorrhagic factor.
163) The female sex hormone is (66th BPSC exam)

A. Estrogen
B. Androgen
C. Insulin
D. Oxytocin
Ans. A. Estrogen
 Estrogen : It is a crucial hormone in the process of proliferation. This involves the enlargement of the breasts and
uterus, allowing for growth of the fetus and production of breast milk
 Oxytocin or Pitocin : It is also called binding hormone, love hormone, birth hormone etc. It regulates smooth
muscle contraction, especially of the uterus during childbirth. It also helps in the secretion of milk in females. It
creates a bonding emotion between mother and child, hence known as binding or love hormone. The milkman
injects the artificial oxytocin to domestic animals to draw much milk from them. This act is harmful to both
domestic animals as well as the person who uses such milk. It may be carcinogenic.
 Androgen: The testes produce androgens which allow for the development of secondary sexual characters and
the production of sperm cells. Androgen hormones are secreted mainly by Leydig cells. Leydig cells, also known
as interstitial cells of Leydig, are found adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testicle.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
 Pancreas : It is an exocrine as well as an endocrine gland i.e. mixed gland.As an endocrine gland, it functions
mostly to regulate blood sugar levels, secreting the hormones insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic
polypeptide.As a part of the digestive system, it functions as an exocrine gland secreting pancreatic juice into the
duodenum through the pancreatic duct. Its endocrine part is known as islets of Langerhans. Its three types of
cells secrete 3 different hormones :
o Beta (β) cells : Beta cells secrete insulin (a protein) which controls the amount of sugar in the blood. Its
hyposecretion leads to diabetes mellitus
o Alfa (α) cells : Alfa cells secrete glucagon which converts glycogen into glucose.
o Delta (δ) cells : Delta cells secrete somatostatin which regulates the assimilation process. It acts as an
inhibitor of growth hormone (GH), insulin and glucagon.
164) The Nobel Prize for developing treatment of Parkinson’s disease was given to (66th BPSC exam)
A. Arvid Carlson
B. John F Enders
C. Robert F Laughlin
D. Walter Kohn
Ans. A. Arvid Carlson
 Dr Arvid Carlsson, a Swedish Scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2000 for research on the
brain's chemical signals and the resulting treatment for parkinson's disease.
 John F Enders received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on growing the poliovirus in the
laboratory, which led to the development of the polio vaccine.
 Robert F Laughlin received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the fractional quantum Hall effect.
 Walter Kohn received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his development of density-functional theory, used to
calculate the properties of molecules and materials.
165) The manufacturing of the thyroid gland is due to the deficiency of (66th BPSC exam)
A. Vitamin A
B. Calcium
C. Iodine
D. Iron
Ans. C. Iodine
Thyroid Gland : The thyroid gland lies in the front of the human neck in a position just below Adam's apple. It is
made up of two lobes. These two lobes are joined by a small bridge of thyroid tissue called the isthmus. The thyroid
makes three hormones that it secretes into the bloodstream, viz. two thyroid hormones (thyroxine - T4 and
triiodothyronine - T3 ) and calcitonin. In the cells and tissues of the body, the T4 is converted to T3 . The T3 is
biologically active and influences the activity of all the cells and tissues of the body. T3 and T4 are partially composed
of iodine. A deficiency of iodine leads to decreased production of T3 and T4 . The thyroid hormones primarily
influence the metabolic rate and protein synthesis. These hormones also regulate vital body functions, including -
differentiation, breathing, heart rate, body temperature, central and peripheral nervous system etc. Calcitonin plays a
role in calcium homeostasis. It lowers the level of calcium and phosphate in the blood and promotes the formation of
bones.
Disorders of Thyroid Hormone :
 Hyposecretion (Hypothyroidism) - Following disorders occur in case of insufficient production or hyposecretion
of thyroxine hormone :
o Cretinism : Physical and mental growth of the child is retarded.
o Myxoedema : Myxoedema is used to describe skin changes in someone - as swelling of the face which can
include lips, eyelids and tongue; swelling and thickening of skin anywhere on the body, especially in lower
legs.
o Goitre : an abnormal enlargement of thyroid gland. The most common cause of goitre is lack of iodine in diet.
Goitre is common in hilly area because of iodine deficiency in water.
o Hashimoto Disease : Hashimoto disease is a condition in which the immune system attacks thyroid resulting
in its complete loss. It is also known as the suicide of thyroid gland.
 Hypersecretion (Hyperthyroidism)
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
o Thyroxine regulates the behaviour of the person. In a high quantity of secretion, it enhances the mental
activity of a person changing his behaviour so thyroid gland is also known as temperament gland.
o The high secretion of thyroxine is related to exophthalmia (abnormal protrusion of the eyeball or eyeballs) or
Grave’s disease and Plummer disease (also called toxic multinodular goitre, thyroid condition characterized
by marked enlargement of the thyroid gland, firm thyroid nodules and overproduction of thyroid hormone).
166) The sensitive area of the human tongue to bitterness is (66th BPSC exam)
A. Tip
B. Middle Part
C. Posterior Part
D. Edge
Ans. C. Posterior part
Human tongue mainly contains 4 types of taste buds :- Sour, Sweet, Salty & Bitter. The tip of the tongue contains the
sweet taste buds while the bitter taste buds are present in posterior part. Sour at the sides of the tongue.
167) Ginger is a stem and not root because (66th BPSC exam)
A. It stores food material
B. It has nodes and internodes
C. It grow horizontally in the soil
D. It lacks chlorophyll
Ans. B. It has nodes and internodes
Ginger is a herbaceous perennial and flowering plant. It grows to about one meter tall and it bears narrow leaf
blades. The plant grows from the annual pseudo stems. Pseudo stems are the false stems that are made up of rolled
bases of leaves. Ginger is considered as a rhizome and it is the modification of the stem. The stems of ginger are
underground stems. These are modified plants and are derived from the stem tissues. The stem exists below the
ground level and so it is referred to as the rhizome or rhizome roots. The rhizomes bears reduced scaly leaves. The
top of the rhizome can generate leafy stems and produce flowers. They are known to function as storage for the food
and other nutrients. Rhizomes are also known as creeping stalks. The rhizomes of ginger are considered as stems and
not as roots as it contains nodes and internodes. They are known to lack chlorophyll. The nodes and internodes are
able to grow into leaves or stalks of leaves. The nodes may also contain scaly leaves. The rhizome of ginger gives off
the aerial leafy shoot and at its base it enlarges to form the rhizome part. This part also stores food and other
nutrients. The rhizome moves horizontally below the level of the ground.
The underground rhizome of ginger is unable to undertake the process of photosynthesis and as a result they do not
contain chlorophylls. The rhizomes are structures that are able to store food and helps in the process of asexual
reproduction. They remain protected from desiccation and are able to germinate in the next season.
168) The sweetest sugar among the following is (66th BPSC exam)
A. Fructose
B. Glucose
C. Maltase
D. Sucrose
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Ans. A. Fructose
 Fructose is a type of Sugar, it is also known as fruit sugar because it is primarily found in fruits. Fructose is the
sweetest Sugar. It in 1.2-1.8 times sweeter than sucrose.
 Sucrose is a disaccharide made of glucose and fructose. It's commonly known as “table sugar” but it can be
found naturally in fruits, vegetables, and nuts. However, it's also produced commercially from sugar cane and
sugar beets through a refinement process.
 Glucose is an aldohexose [An aldohexose is a hexose with an aldehyde group on one end] and is also known as
dextrose. It is the monomer of many of the larger carbohydrates, namely starch, cellulose.
 Maltase is an enzyme that catalyses the conversion of maltose into glucose. Maltase is an enzyme present in
saliva and pancreatic juice that breaks down maltose and related sugars to produce glucose.
169) Among the following, which is not a true fruit? (66th BPSC exam)
A. Apple
B. Date
C. Grape
D. Plum
Ans. A. Apple
All the true fruits develop from ovaries whereas all the false fruits develop from any part of the plant except ovary.
Apple does not grow from ovary, so it is a false fruit.
 True Fruits: Fruits which develop from the fertilized ovary of flowers. Example: Peach, Lemon,
Watermelon,Grapes, Date, Plum etc.
 False Fruits: Fruits which develop from the fertilized ovary along with some other parts of the flower. Example:
Apple, Strawberry, Banana etc.
170) Legumes are highly nutritious because they are rich in (66th BPSC exam)
A. Fat
B. Protein
C. Oil
D. Starch
Ans. B. Protein
Types of Nitrogen Fixing Plants
There are two main types of nitrogen-fixing plants:
 Legumes: Legumes are a family of plants that includes beans, peas, lentils, peanuts, soybeans, and alfalfa.
Legumes have a symbiotic relationship with bacteria called rhizobia, which live in the roots of the plants. The
rhizobia bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, which is then used by the legume plant.
 Non-legumes: There are also a number of non-leguminous nitrogen-fixing plants, such as actinorhizal plants (e.g.,
alders) and cyanobacteria (e.g., Nostoc). Actinorhizal plants have a symbiotic relationship with bacteria called
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Frankia, which live in the roots of the plants. Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic bacteria that can fix nitrogen
from the atmosphere.
Here are some examples of nitrogen-fixing plants:
 Legumes: beans, peas, lentils, peanuts, soybeans, alfalfa, clover, vetch, lupins, chickpeas, cowpeas, mung beans,
adzuki beans, lima beans, black-eyed peas
 Non-legumes: actinorhizal plants (e.g., alders, willows, poplars, sea buckthorn), cyanobacteria (e.g., Nostoc,
Anabaena,Oscillatoria), azolla, mosquito fern, Gunnera, Blasia (liverwort), hornworts
171) Clove, a spice is obtained from which part of the plant? (66th BPSC exam)
A. Fruit
B. Stem
C. Root
D. Flower Bud
Ans. D. Flower Bud
Clove is a spice which is obtained from the plant Syzygium aromaticum. It is nothing but the aromatic flower buds of
the Clove plant. It belongs to the Family Myrtaceae. The plant bears crimson coloured flowers and large leaves. The
flower buds change their color turning from pale to green and finally to crimson red at the time of their harvest.
The clove plant consists of a long calyx at the terminal end of which are present four sepals. It also consists of a ball
in the center which is made up of closed petals.
Since now we are well aware of the structure of the plant and the flower bud clove, therefore, the correct answer to
the question is the clove spice represents the flower bud.
172) Who is regarded as the “Father of Modern Chemistry”?(65th BPSC exam)

A. Rutherford
B. Einstein
C. Lavoisier
D. C.V Raman
Ans. C. Lavoisier
The Father of Chemistry is the French nobleman and chemist, Antoine Lavoisier. Born on 26th August 1743 in Paris,
France, Lavoisier identified elements, characterized properties of matter, and made other significant chemical
discoveries. He was dubbed the "Father of Chemistry" to honor his efforts and discoveries in chemistry.
C.V. Raman (1888-1970) :
 Chandrashekhara Venkata Raman was born at Thiruvanaikaval in Tiruchirappalli in Southern India on Nov. 7,
1888. His father was a Lecturer in Mathematics and Physics so that from childhood he was immersed in an
academic atmosphere. He entered Presidency College Madras in 1902 and in 1904 he completed his bachelor’s
degree winning the first place and the gold medal in Physics and in 1907 he gained his Master degree, obtaining
the highest distinctions.
 His earliest researches in optics and acoustics-the two fields of investigation to which he has dedicated his entire
career were carried out while he was a student.
 Since at that time a scientific career did not appear to present the best possibilities, Raman joined the Indian
Finance Department in 1907, though the duties of his office took most of his time, Raman found opportunities
for carrying on experimental research in the laboratory of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science at
Calcutta (now Kolkata) of which he became Honorary Secretary in 1909.
 In 1917 he was offered the newly endowed Palit Chair of Physics at Calcutta University and decided to accept it.
After 15 years at Calcutta he became Professor at the Indian Institute of Science at Bangalore.
 He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society early in his career (1924) and was Knighted in 1929. In 1930 he was
awarded Nobel Prize for his work Raman-Effect.
173) The number of electrons and neutrons in an element is 18 and 20 respectively. Its mass number is
(65th BPSC exam)
A. 22
B. 2
C. 38
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
D. 20
Ans. C. 38
Formula ⇒ Mass Number = The number of Electrons + The number of Neutrons.
=18 + 20
Mass Number = 38.
174) Which of the following is also known as laughing gas? (65th BPSC exam)
A. Nitric Oxide
B. Nitrous Oxide
C. Nitrogen Peroxide
D. Nitrogen
Ans. B. Nitrous Oxide
Nitrous oxide(N2O)
 Nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas or happy gas, is a colourless, odourless, and non-flammable gas.
 While nitrous oxide is not flammable, it supports combustion to the same extent as oxygen.
 It leads to a state of euphoria, explaining its nickname, ‘laughing gas.’
 It is soluble in water. Its vapours are heavier than air.
 Applications:
o It is commonly used by dentists and medical professionals to sedate patients undergoing minor medical
procedures.
o The gas is also used as a propellant in food aerosols.
o It is used in the automotive industry to enhance engine performance.
Nitric Oxide (NO)
 Nitric oxide is a reactive gas that plays a crucial role in atmospheric chemistry.
 It is involved in the formation of smog and contributes to air pollution.
 In the atmosphere, nitric oxide reacts with oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which is a component of
photochemical smog
Nitrogen Peroxide (N2O2)
Dinitrogen dioxide (N2O2), also known as nitrogen peroxide or nitrous oxide, is a reddish-brown gas composed of two
nitrogen atoms bonded to two oxygen atoms. It is used as an oxidizing agent and has applications in rocket
propellants.
Nitrogen
 Nitrogen is the most prevalent element in living organisms. It is a constituent of amino acids, proteins, hormones,
chlorophylls, and many vitamins.
 There is an inexhaustible supply of nitrogen (N2) in the atmosphere, but most living organisms cannot use the
elemental form directly.
 Nitrogen must be ‘fixed’ (converted to ammonia, nitrites, or nitrates) before plants can take it up.
Other compounds of nitrogen
Compound Source Benefits Effects
Di-Nitrogen (N2) Makes up 78% of Maintains a stable Harmless and chemically unreactive
the air we breathe atmosphere for life
on Earth
Ammonia (NH3) Manure, urine, Foundation for Causes eutrophication and affects biodiversity,
fertilisers, biomass amino acids, Forms particulate matter in the air, affecting
burning proteins, and health by causing shortness of breath, affecting
enzymes- Commonly lung function, and exacerbating respiratory
used as fertiliser diseases such as asthma
Nitrate (NO3) Wastewater, Widely used in Forms particulate matter in the air and affects
agriculture, fertilisers and health when ending up in groundwater, causing
oxidation of NOx explosives what's known as blue baby syndrome, Leads to
eutrophication in water bodies
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Nitric Oxide and Combustion from Essential in human Major air pollutant, contributing to heart
Nitrogen Dioxide transport, industry, physiology (NO) disease and respiratory illness
energy sector
175) Which of the following is not a type of element? (65th BPSC exam)
A. Metals
B. Non-metals
C. Metalloids
D. Gases
Ans. D. Gases
Gas is a state of matter, it is not type of element.
Note - Elements are chemically the simplest substances and hence cannot be broken down using chemical reactions;
element can only be changed into other elements using nuclear methods
176) The pH value of water is (65th BPSC exam)

A. 4
B. 7
C. 12
D. 18
Ans. B. 7
The pH value of water is 7 pH is a quantitative, measure of the acidity or basicity of aqueous or other liquid solution.
A solution with a pH less than 7 is considered acidic, a solution with a pH greater than 7 is considered basic, or
alkaline.
177) The main component of greenhouse gases is (65th BPSC exam)

RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
A. Carbon dioxide
B. Methane
C. Nitrous oxide
D. Ozone
Ans. A. Carbon dioxide
 Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are a group of naturally occurring and human-generated gases present in the Earth's
atmosphere.
 These gases have the unique property of absorbing and emitting heat, trapping thermal energy within the
atmosphere.
 They act as a thermal blanket, allowing sunlight to enter the atmosphere while preventing a significant portion of
the absorbed heat from escaping back into space.
 This phenomenon, known as the greenhouse effect, helps regulate the Earth's temperature, making it habitable
for life.
 However, human activities, such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation and industrial processes, have significantly
increased the concentration of these gases, amplifying the greenhouse effect and leading to global warming and
subsequent climate change.
 Some major greenhouse gases include: Carbon Dioxide(79%), Methane(11%), Nitrous Oxideand water vapour.
178) Oxygen is absent in (65th BPSC exam)

A. Kerosene
B. Glass
C. Soil
D. Cement
Ans. A. Kerosene
Oxygen is absent in kerosene. It is called paraffin or paraffin oil. It is a flammable hydrocarbon liquid commonly used
as a fuel. Kerosene, is typically pale yellow or colourless liquid and has a not unpleasant characteristic odour. It is
obtained from petroleum and used for burning in kerosene lamps and domestic heater or furnaces.
179) Natural rubber is a polymer of (65th BPSC exam)

A. Isoprene
B. Styrene
C. Vinyl acetate
D. Propene
Ans. A. Isoprene
Isoprene
 Isoprene is a colourless, volatile liquid hydrocarbon.
 It is the most abundant non-methane VOC emitted into the atmosphere.
 Sources:
o Biogenic Sources: Most isoprene is produced by plants and by some algae and bacteria. It is also produced in
small amounts by humans and other animals.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
o Anthropogenic sources: It is also released by activities like the combustion of fossil fuels, production of
petroleum products and synthetic rubber, etc.
 Uses: Isoprene is used in natural and synthetic rubber, adhesives, pharmaceuticals, and fragrances.
 It is the main component of natural rubber.
Styrene
 Styrene is an organic compound with the formula C8H8.
 It is a derivative of benzene (C6H6).
 It is stored in factories as a liquid, but evaporates easily, and has to be kept at temperatures under 20°C.
 Sources:Styrene is found in vehicle exhaust, cigarette smoke, and in natural foods like fruits and vegetables.
 Uses:It is a flammable liquid that is used in the manufacturing of polystyrene plastics, fiberglass, rubber, and
latex.
 Risk of Exposure:
o Short Term Exposure: It can result in respiratory problems, irritation in the eyes, irritation in the mucous
membrane, and gastrointestinal issues.
o Long-Term Exposure: It could drastically affect the central nervous system and lead to other related problems
like peripheral neuropathy. It could also lead to cancer and depression in some cases.However, there is no
sufficient evidence of an association between styrene exposure and an increased risk of leukemia and
lymphoma.
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl acetate is an organic compound with the formula CH3CO2CH=CH2. This colorless liquid is the precursor
to polyvinyl acetate, ethene-vinyl acetate copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, and other important industrial polymers.
Propene
 Polymer Name: Polypropylene
 Uses: Packaging materials, textiles, automotive components, household products, pipes, electrical insulation, and
various plastic products.
180) What is the formula of glucose? (65th BPSC exam)

A. C6H22O6
B. C6H10O5
C. C6H12O6
D. C6H6O6
Ans. C. C6H12O6
Glucose is a simple sugar with six carbon atoms and one aldehyde group. This monosaccharide has a chemical
formula C6H12O6.
It is also known as dextrose. It is referred to as aldohexose as it contains 6 carbon atoms and an aldehyde group. It
exists in two forms, open-chain or ring structure. It is synthesized in the liver and kidneys of animals. In plants, it is
found in fruits and in different parts of plants. D- glucose is the naturally occurring form of glucose. It can occur
either in solid or liquid form. It is water-soluble and is also soluble in acetic acid. It is odourless and sweet to taste. In
the year 1747, Andreas Marggraf, a German chemist, isolated glucose from raisins. In the year 1838, Jean Baptiste
Dumas coined the word glucose.
Preparation Of Glucose (C6H12O6)
Sucrose (cane sugar) and starch are the two major sources of Glucose.
Preparation from sucrose or cane sugar:
Sucrose is a disaccharide with the formula C12H22O11. On boiling an aqueous solution of sucrose with dilute HCl or
dilute H2SO4, Glucose and Fructose are formed in equimolar proportions.
C12H22O11 + H2O → C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
Sucrose Glucose Fructose
Preparation from starch:
It is a polysaccharide that when boiled with dilute H2SO4 at 393 K under 2 to 3 atmosphere pressure, gives glucose.
(C6H12O5)n + nH2O → nC6H12O6
Starch Glucose
Uses Of Glucose
 It is used in the treatment of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
 It is given to patients who are very sick and cannot eat as it provides carbohydrate calories
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
 It is used in the treatment of increased potassium levels in the blood (hyperkalemia)

 It is used as a precursor for the synthesis of substances.
181) What is the bond order of the CO group? (65th BPSC exam)
A. 1
B. 2.5
C. 3.5
D. 3
Ans. D. 3
The Bond Order Formula can be defined as half of the difference between the number of electrons in bonding
orbitals and antibonding orbitals.
Bond order= [𝑁𝑏–𝑁𝑎]
Where,
Nb is the number of bonding electrons
Na is the number of antibonding electrons
in CO the number of bonding electron is 10 and no. of anti bonding electron is 4.
Bond order= =3
The bond order of the CO group is 3. A bond order of 3 indicates a strong and stable bond between the carbon and
oxygen atoms in CO
Carbon monoxide (CO)
 It is a colourless, odourless, and tasteless gas that is slightly less dense than air.
 Sources of CO: CO is a byproduct of the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. Common sources include
burning fossil fuels like natural gas, petrol, coal and oil, wood smoke, car and truck exhausts etc.
 It is toxic to humans insofar as it forms a complex thereby displacing oxygen from the haemoglobin of the
blood.
 In the atmosphere CO is short lived because of the role it plays in the formation of ground-level ozone.
182) The book “The Origin of Species” was written by (65th BPSC exam)
A. Linnaeus
B. Lamarck
C. Mendel
D. Darwin
Ans. D. Darwin
The book, The Origin of Species was written by Charles Darwin. Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882) was an English
naturalist whose scientific theory of evolution by natural selection become the foundation of modern evolutionary
studies.
Linnaeus:Carl Linnaeus is known as the father of taxonomy. Carl Linnaeus (1707 - 1778) was a Swedish botanist who
devised the binomial classification system, a two-part naming system to identify, classify and name organisms from
bacteria to the elephant.
Lamarck:Jean Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) is one of the best-known early evolutionists. Unlike Darwin, Lamarck
believed that living things evolved in a continuously upward direction, from dead matter, through simple to more
complex forms, toward human "perfection." Species didn't die out in extinctions, Lamarck claimed.
Mendel:Johan Gregor Mendel, also known as the “father of genetics”, started a decade-long research project in 1856
to study the patterns of inheritance. He carried out his experiments on inheritance with the common pea plant
taking 7 features of the plant.
183) The interaction between algae and fungi to form lichen is called (65th BPSC exam)
A. Parasitism
B. Mutualism
C. Commensalism
D. Conversion
Ans. B. Mutualism
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Mutualism is a relationship between a host and a symbiont, where both organisms benefit and none is harmed. This
relationship can be either long-term or short-term. The smaller partner is referred to as the mutualist, while the
larger partner is the host.
Parasitism:Parasitism is a biological relationship where one organism, known as the parasite, lives on or in another
organism, known as the host, causing it some degree of harm.
Commensalism
It is an imbalanced type of interaction wherein one entity benefits while the other is neither harmed nor benefited.
There are four types of commensal associations.
 Inquilinism – An entity occupies living habitat of another species(burrow, nest)
 Chemical commensalism – A bacteria produces a chemical which nurtures another bacteria
 Phoresy – An organism tentatively attaches itself to another entity for transportation requirements.
 Metabiosis – One entity is dependant on the other for survival
184) The actual location or place where an organism lives is called (65th BPSC exam)
A. Habitat
B. Ecosystem
C. Niche
D. Biome
Ans. A. Habitat
Habitat
 The place where organisms live is called habitat. Habitat means a dwelling place (a home). The habitat provides
food, water, air, shelter and other needs to organisms. Several kinds of plants and animals live in the same
habitat. Terrestrial habitat and aquatic habitat are the two main types of habitats and they are further divided.
o Terrestrial habitat: Desert, Mountain and Grassland
o Aquatic habitat: Ponds, Lakes and Oceans
Ecosystem
An ecosystem is a structural and functional unit of ecology where the living organisms interact with each other and
the surrounding environment. In other words, an ecosystem is a chain of interactions between organisms and their
environment. The term “Ecosystem” was first coined by A.G.Tansley, an English botanist, in 1935.
Biotic Components
Biotic components refer to all living components in an ecosystem. Based on nutrition, biotic components can be
categorised into autotrophs, heterotrophs and saprotrophs (or decomposers).
 Producers include all autotrophs such as plants. They are called autotrophs as they can produce food through the
process of photosynthesis. Consequently, all other organisms higher up on the food chain rely on producers for
food.
 Consumers or heterotrophs are organisms that depend on other organisms for food. Consumers are further
classified into primary consumers, secondary consumers and tertiary consumers.
o Primary consumers are always herbivores as they rely on producers for food.
o Secondary consumers depend on primary consumers for energy. They can either be carnivores or omnivores.
o Tertiary consumers are organisms that depend on secondary consumers for food. Tertiary consumers can
also be carnivores or omnivores.
o Quaternary consumers are present in some food chains. These organisms prey on tertiary consumers for
energy. Furthermore, they are usually at the top of a food chain as they have no natural predators.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
 Decomposers include saprophytes such as fungi and bacteria. They directly thrive on the dead and decaying
organic matter. Decomposers are essential for the ecosystem as they help in recycling nutrients to be reused by
plants.
Abiotic Components
Abiotic components are the non-living component of an ecosystem. It includes air, water, soil, minerals, sunlight,
temperature, nutrients, wind, altitude, turbidity, etc.
Niche
Joseph Grinnel coined the term “Niche”. He described a niche as the distributional unit specific to each species. He
emphasised that no two species living in the same territory can occupy the same ecological niche for long.
The ecological niche not only involves the physical space occupied by an organism but also describes the functional
role or place of a species in its community structure. This includes everything related to how it influences a
community, i.e. what it eats, where it lives, what it does, the trophic position occupied, etc. Niche describes how a
species contributes to the system’s energy flow and how it gains energy and supplies it further in an ecosystem.
Biome
A biome can be defined as a large biological community or an ecosystem where different types of living organisms
including plants, animals, birds, insects, and humans are used to living in a certain type of climate. The world
comprises a huge diversity of the types of environments which are divided and grouped into different types of
biomes and are mainly based on the adaptations, range of temperature, weather, and climatic conditions.
The word “Biome” was suggested by an ecologist Frederic Edward Clements in the year 1916 which referred to the
word biotic community.
185) Solar energy is converted into ATP in (65th BPSC exam)

A. Mitochondria
B. Chloroplast
C. Ribosome
D. Peroxisome
Ans. B. Chloroplast
 The cycle of photosynthesis in plants includes a progression of steps and reactions that utilizes sun based energy,
water, and carbon dioxide to deliver certain compounds and oxygen. There are two primary arrangements of
reactions: energy-transduction reactions (regularly called light responses) and carbon-fixation reactions
(ordinarily called dark responses).
 In the energy-transduction reactions, sunlight based energy is changed over into substance energy as two
energy-shipping molecules, ATP and NADPH. At the point when sun powered energy arrives at plant cells and
energizes unique chlorophyll particles, they discharge a high-energy electron. The arrival of this electron sets off
a chain of electron-exchanging and energy-moving occasions between a few mediator atoms, and the last
particle to frame and hold the electrons in this chain is NADPH.
 The energized chlorophyll atom's electrons should be supplanted, and these electrons originate from water. With
the assistance of catalysts and sun oriented energy, water is parted (photolysis) into electrons, protons (H+), and
oxygen. The electrons go to the chlorophyll, while the protons add to a proton gradient that is utilized to control
the amalgamation of a subsequent energy-conveying atom, ATP. The oxygen is a by-product of the entire cycle.
 The compound energy in NADPH and ATP is then used to control steps in the further carbon fixation reactions.
Mitochondria
 Mitochondria are membrane-bound semi-autonomous cell organelles and are often referred to as the
powerhouses of the cell.
 They generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions.
 Chemical energy produced by the mitochondria is stored in the form of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP).
 Mitochondria contain their own Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA). Generally, mitochondria, and therefore
mitochondrial DNA, are inherited only from the mother in almost all multicellular organisms.
 Mitochondria in mammalian sperm are usually destroyed by the egg cell after fertilization.
 The mitochondria are present at the base of the sperm's tail, which is used for propelling the sperm cells;
sometimes the tail is lost during fertilization.
Ribosomes
 Ribosomes are non-membrane-bound cell organelles made of RNA and proteins.
 They are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
o In eukaryotic organisms, ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm, mitochondria, and chloroplast.
o All prokaryotic ribosomes are found free in the cytoplasm of the cell.
 Ribosomal structure and function are strikingly similar in all organisms and organelles.
 They are made of two subunits, the large and the small subunit which comprises ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and
proteins.
 Primary Function:
o They are complex molecular machines that make proteins from amino acids in a process called protein
synthesis, or translation.
o Every cell needs ribosomes to manufacture proteins.
o The ribosome reads the messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence and translates that genetic code into a specified
string of amino acids, which grow into long chains that fold to form proteins.
o The newly formed proteins detach themselves from the ribosome site and migrate to other parts of the cell
for use.
Peroxisome
Peroxisome, membrane-bound organelle occurring in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Peroxisomes play a crucial
role in the oxidation of different biomolecules. They also contribute to the biosynthesis of membrane lipids known as
plasmalogens. In-plant cells, peroxisomes perform additional functions, including the recycling of phosphoglycolate
carbon during photorespiration. Specialized types of peroxisomes have been identified in plants, including
glyoxysomes, which function in the conversion of fatty acids to carbohydrates.
Peroxisomes contain enzymes that oxidize certain molecules normally found in the cells, especially fatty acids and
amino acids. These oxidation reactions produce hydrogen peroxide, which is the basis of the name peroxisome.
However, hydrogen peroxide is potentially harmful to the cell as it is capable of interacting with many other
molecules. Peroxisomes therefore also contain enzymes such as catalase, which convert hydrogen peroxide to water
and oxygen, thereby neutralizing toxicity. Throughout this way, peroxisomes offer a safe place for the oxidative
metabolism of certain molecules.
186) The byproduct of photosynthesis is (65th BPSC exam)

A. CO2
B. O2
C. Energy
D. Sugar
Ans. B. O2
Oxygen (O2) is the by-product of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis, is the process by which green plants and certain
other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy. During photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is
captured and used to convert water, carbon dioxide, into oxygen and energy rich organic compound i.e. glucose
187) The study of bones is done under the branch of science called (65th BPSC exam)
A. Geology
B. Serology
C. Orology
D. Osteology
Ans. D. Osteology
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
 Osteology is the detailed study of the structure of bones skeletal elements, teeth etc.
 Geology is the study of rocks, and of the way they are formal.
 Orology is the study of mountain especially the study of how mountains are formed.
 Serology is the scientific study or diagnostic examination of blood serum, especially with regard to the response
of the immune system to pathogen or introduced substances.
188) Which of the following does not have any enzyme in its cells? (65th BPSC exam)
A. Lichen
B. Virus
C. Bacteria
D. Algae
Ans. B. Virus
Virus does not have any enzyme in its cells. Viruses are non- cellular microscopic infection agents that can only
replicate in host cell. Viruses lack most of the basic cellular structures that are responsible for enzyme formation.
Lichen:A lichen is not a single organism but a symbiosis among different organisms like fungus and a cyanobacterium
or algae. Cyanobacteria are also referred to as blue-green algae despite the fact of being distinct from algae.
Bacteria: Bacteria are unicellular organisms that belong to the prokaryotic category. Their size ranges between 1 and
10 micrometres. They reproduce by a process called binary fission. Bacteria are known to be the earliest forms of life
to ever exist on Earth. They obtain necessary nutrients by decomposition of waste, photosynthesis, or chemical
breakdown of compounds. Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria are subdivisions of bacteria. A separate
discipline called bacteriology deals with detailed research of bacteria.
Algae:Algae exist in environments ranging from oceans, rivers, and lakes to ponds, brackish waters and even snow.
Algae are usually green, but they can be found in a variety of different colours. For instance, algae living in snow
contain carotenoid pigments in addition to chlorophyll, hence giving the surrounding snow a distinctive red hue.
189) In which organ of the human body are the lymphocytes formed? (65th BPSC exam)
A. Liver
B. Bone marrow
C. Spleen
D. Pancreas
Ans. B. Bone marrow
 The Bone marrow is a soft tissue present inside certain bones of the body harbouring stem cells for the
generation of the red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and the platelets responsible for the oxygen
transport, immunity and blood clotting respectively. Since lymphocytes are a type of WBCs, they are also formed
in the bone marrow. Therefore, this is the correct option.
 The spleen is a fist sized organ present in the abdomen responsible for filtering the blood. This organ is
specialized for recognizing and removing old or malformed red blood cells (RBCs) from the circulatory system.
Evidence suggesting the formation of lymphocytes in the spleen does not exist. Therefore, this option is
incorrect.
 The liver is a vital organ involved in various metabolic processes and detoxification, but it is not the primary site
of lymphocyte formation. Therefore, this option is incorrect.
 The pancreas is primarily responsible for producing digestive enzymes and regulating blood sugar levels, and it is
not involved in lymphocyte formation. Therefore, this option is incorrect.
190) Which of the following hormones contains “iodine”? (65th BPSC exam)
A. Testosterone
B. Adrenaline
C. Thyroxine
D. Insulin
Ans. C. Thyroxine
There are two iodine containing hormones in the human body Tri-iodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4). Thyroxine
plays a crucial role in heart and digestive function, metabolism, brain development and muscle control. It affects
almost all of the body's function.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
191) AIDS is caused by (65th BPSC exam)

A. Helminth
B. Bacteria
C. Fungus
D. Virus
Ans. D. Virus
HIV/AIDS Disease
 About:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an infection that attacks the body’s immune system.AIDS is the
late stage of HIV infection that occurs when the body’s immune system is badly damaged because of the
virus.HIV attacks CD4, a type of White Blood Cell (T cells) in the body’s immune system.T cells are those cells that
move around the body detecting anomalies and infections in cells.After entering the body, HIV multiplies itself
and destroys CD4 cells, thus severely damaging the human immune system. Once this virus enters the body, it
can never be removed.The CD4 count of a person infected with HIV reduces significantly. In a healthy body, CD4
count is between 500- 1600, but in an infected body, it can go as low as 200.
 Transmission:HIV can spread through multiple sources, by coming in direct contact with certain body fluids from
a person infected with HIV, who has a detectable viral load. It can be blood, semen, rectal fluid, vaginal fluid or
breast milk.
 Symptoms:Once HIV converts into AIDS then it may present in initial symptoms like unexplained fatigue, fever,
sores around genitals or neck, pneumonia etc.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
192) The unit of pressure is (65th BPSC exam)

A. Kg/cm2
B. Kg/cm
C. Kg/cm–1
D. Kgh/cm3
Ans. A. Kg/cm2
The basic unit of pressure is pascal which is defined as the pressure exerted by a force of one Newton
perpendicularly upon an area of one square meter. Out of the given options Kg/cm2 is a unit of pressure
1 kg/cm2 = 98066.5 pascals.
Now, let’s study the differences between force and pressure from the below table:
Basis of Force Pressure
comparison
Definition Force is a pull or push that forces an object to The force applied to an object/fluid in a
change its shape or motion. perpendicular direction on its surface is
pressure.
Nature Force is a vector quantity as it possesses both Pressure is a scalar quantity i.e. it only has
magnitude and direction. magnitude without any specific direction.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Formula Force is calculated as the product of mass of the Pressure is calculated by using the below
object and acceleration that it gets after formula:
application of force. P = f/a
F=mxa Where ‘f’ is the force and ‘a’ is the surface
Where ‘m’ is the mass of the object and ‘a’ is its area of the object.
acceleration.
Units Newton is the SI unit of force Pascal is the SI unit of pressure
Direction Force can accelerate, change direction, Pressure determines how the force influences
decelerate, or deform an object as per its the surface area of the object.
magnitude and direction.
Application Force and its principles are relevant to certain The principles of pressure are applicable to
principles of Physics such as dynamics, hydrodynamics, aerodynamics, fluid
kinematics, mechanics, and other principles of mechanics, and other concepts of Physics.
Physics.
Examples The bullock pulling a cart Pressing an object with force by hand or
Pushing a static object machine
Pulling a role Changing the shape of clay using hands and
fingers
193) The sunlight from the Sun to the Earth reaches in (65th BPSC exam)
A. 5 minutes approx
B. 6 minutes approx
C. 8 minutes approx
D. 10 minutes approx
Ans. C. 8 minutes approx
The sunlight from the Sun takes approximately 8 minutes to reach the Earth. This time is known as the "light travel
time" or "solar transit time." It is the time it takes for light to travel the average distance from the Sun to the Earth,
which is about 93 million miles (150 million kilometers).
194) Which one of the following is a scalar quantity? (65th BPSC exam)
A. Force
B. Velocity
C. Pressure
D. Acceleration
Ans. C. Pressure
A scalar quantity is defined as the physical quantity with magnitude and no direction as- Mass, Speed, Distance,
Time, Area, Volume, Density, Temperature, Pressure, etc.
A vector quantity is a physical quantity that has both magnitude and direction. Examples: Velocity, Angular Velocity,
Force, Displacement, Acceleration, Momentum, Magnetic Field and Angular Velocity etc.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
195) Which one of the following quantities does not have unit? (65th BPSC exam)
A. Stress
B. Force
C. Strain
D. Pressure
Ans. C. Strain
 Strain is a measure of the deformation or change in shape experienced by a material in response to applied
stress. It is a dimensionless quantity and does not have a specific unit associated with it.
 Some examples of quantities that are dimensionless and do not have units are Mass fraction, Molar fraction,
Relative humidity, Mach number, Specific gravity etc.
Other options are as stated:
 Stress is measured in pascals (Pa) or newtons per square meter (N/m²).
 Force is measured in newtons (N).
 Pressure is measured in pascals (Pa) or newtons per square meter (N/m²).
196) Sound wave in air is (65th BPSC exam)

A. Transverse
B. Longitudinal
C. Electromagnetic
D. Polarized
Ans. B. Longitudinal
Sound waves in any fluid medium or in air one longitudinal waves. In longitudinal waves particles of the medium
through which the waves travelled vibrate parallel to the direction of the wave movement.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Did You Know?

 Electromagnetic waves do not require a medium to travel and that is how we receive light from the
sun.
 The human ear is sensitive to only pressure variations and thus sound waves are longitudinal in nature.
 Dogs can hear higher frequency sounds and therefore can hear noises we humans cannot hear.
 Light travels with a speed of 3,00,000 km/sec through the air.
 The velocity of light is the fastest and no particle could travel faster than it.
 The speed of sound in water is about 4 times the speed of sound in air.
 Light behaves both as a wave and as a particle from time to time.
 Supersonic planes are aircraft that travel faster than the speed of sound and cause shock waves.
 Opera singers sing in very high-frequency waves and hence can shatter a glass.
 Waves traveling in the same medium superimpose and the net displacement of the particle is the sum
of individual displacements of the waves.
197) The value of 50°C in Fahrenheit scale is (65th BPSC exam)

A. 104°F
B. 122°F
C. 100°F
D. 75°F
Ans. B. 122°F
To convert 50°C to Fahrenheit, we can use the following formula:
°F = (°C × 9/5) + 32
Putting in the value of 50°C:
°F = (50 × 9/5) + 32 °F = (90) + 32
°F = 122°F
198) What is measured in hertz? (65th BPSC exam)

A. Frequency
B. Energy
C. Heat
D. Quality
Ans. A. Frequency
Hertz is the SI unit of frequency. One hertz is equal to one cycle per second.
Formula F = T
Energy: Energy is the ability to perform work. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, and it can only be
transformed from one form to another. The unit of Energy is the same as of Work, i.e. Joules. Energy is found in many
things, and thus there are different types of energy. All forms of energy are either kinetic or potential. The energy in
motion is known as Kinetic Energy, whereas Potential Energy is the energy stored in an object and is measured by the
amount of work done.
Heat: According to heat definition, it is one of the essential forms of energy for the survival of life on earth. Transfer
of heat takes place from one body to another due to differences in temperature as per thermodynamics. We use
heat energy for various activities like cooking, ironing, transportation, recreation, etc. This form of energy also plays a
vital role in nature. The occurrence of the wind, rain, change of seasons, etc., depends on the gradient created due to
uneven heating of different regions.
Heat Transfer Occurs by Three Mechanisms
 Conduction: It is the method in which the transfer of heat takes place between atoms and molecules in direct
contact.
 Convection: It is the method in which the transfer of heat happens by the movement of the heated substance.
 Radiation: It is the method in which the transfer of heat takes place by electromagnetic waves.
199) Body temperature is regulated by (65th BPSC exam)

A. Medulla
B. Thalamus
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
C. Hypothalamus
D. Cerebellum
Ans. C. Hypothalamus
Thalamus
This is a part of the forebrain that is located above the brainstem. It is a small structure responsible for conveying
sensory information from the various sense organs. It also helps in overall coordination and movement by
transmitting motor information. The thalamus is contained within the cerebrum, in the limbic system, which helps in
memory retention.
Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus is located below the thalamus and is a small yet essential part of the human brain. It is considered
as the primary area of the brain performing the following functions:
 The body temperature is regulated by the hypothalamus.
 It receives impulses from various parts of the body.
 Controls the emotional quotient and mood.
 Controls the sense of smell and taste.
 Controls blood pressure, appetite, heart rate, and peristalsis.
Cerebellum
 It is the second-largest part of the brain located in the posterior area of the pons and the medulla. The transverse
fissure and the tentorium cerebelli separate the cerebrum and the cerebellum. The outer surface of the
cerebellum is the cortex; two hemispheres- the gray cortex on the outer portion and the white medulla inside
make up the cerebellum.
 The cerebellum also consists of cerebellar nuclei, cerebellar peduncles, and the anterior and posterior lobes. The
cerebellum performs important functions like:
o Transfer of information
o Coordination of eye movement
o Sense of equilibrium
o Controlling the voluntary movements of the body
o Coordination of skeletal movements that are directly related to the anterior and posterior lobes
Medulla
The medulla oblongata is in the lowest area of the brain. It is a small structure that controls the body’s autonomic
functions like digestion, heartbeat. It also connects the cerebral cortex and the spinal cord and helps control the
human body reflexes.
200) The device to measure electric current is (65th BPSC exam)

A. Ammeter
B. Voltmeter
C. Voltameter
D. Potentiometer
Ans. A. Ammeter
Ammeter, is an instrument for measuring either direct or alternating electric current in amperes. An ammeter can
measure a wide range of current values because at high values only a small portion of the current is directed through
the meter mechanism.
IMPORTANT MEASURING DEVICES
Devices/Equipments Uses
Accumulator It serves as a kind of electrical energy storage.
Altimeter It is used in aeroplanes to measure altitude.
Ammeter Electric current strength is measured by this instrument (in amperes).
Anemometer It calculates the wind's speed and force.
Audiometer It gauges the intensity of sound.
Audiphones It is used for improving the imperfect sense of hearing.
Barograph It is utilised for continuous atmospheric pressure recording.
Barometer It is used to measure atmospheric pressure. It is used in weather forecasting.
Binocular It is utilised to see faraway objects.
Bolometer It measures heat radiation
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Calorimeter It is used to gauge how much heat a material emits or absorbs. It is employed in
thermodynamics and chemistry.
Carburettor It is used in an internal combustion engine for charging the air with petrol vapour.
Cardiogram It tracks the heart's motion as it is captured on a cardiograph.
Chronometer It establishes a location's longitude on a ship.
Cinematography It is a tool used in filmmaking to project an enlarged picture of the photograph on the
screen.
Colorimeter a device for contrasting hue intensity.
Commutator An instrument to change or remove the direction of an electric current, in dynamo is
used to convert alternating current into direct current.
Cresco graph It measures the growth in plants.
Cyclotron It is a charged particle accelerator that is capable of raising the energy of charged
particles.
Dynamo Mechanical energy is transformed into electrical energy by it.
Dynamometer It computes power, torque, and force.
Electroscope It detects the presence of an electric charge.
Endoscope It looks at the body's interior organs.
Eudiometer a glass tube used to measure volume changes in gas chemical processes.
Fathometer It computes the ocean's depth.
Galvanometer It measures small-amplitude electric currents.
Hydrometer It computes the liquids' specific gravities.
Hydrophone It gauges underwater sound.
Hygrometer It gauges the air's humidity.
Kymograph It graphically records physiological movements (Blood pressure and heartbeat).
Lactometer It determines the purity of milk.
Manometer Gas pressure is measured by it.
Mariner’s compass It is a tool that sailors use to identify the direction.
Microphone It amplifies the sound and changes the sound waves into electrical vibrations
Microscope It is used to view small objects or organisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye. It
is used in biology, medicine, and research.
Odometer An instrument by which the distance covered by wheeled vehicles is measured.
Periscope It is used to view objects above sea level (used in submarines)
Photometer The instrument compares the luminous intensity of the source of light
Potentiometer It is used for comparing the electromotive force of cells.
Pyrometer It measures very high temperatures.
Quartz Clock A highly accurate clock used in astronomical observations and other precision work
Radar Radio, angle, detection and range is used to detect the direction and range of an
approaching aeroplane by means of radio microwaves
Radiometer It measures the emission of radiant energy.
Rain Gauge An apparatus for recording rainfall at a particular place.
Rectifier An instrument used for the conversion of AC into DC.
Refractometer It measures the refractive index.
Saccharimeter It measures the amount of sugar in the solution.
Salinometer It determines the salinity of the solution.
Seismograph It measures the intensity of earthquake shocks.
Sextant This is used by navigators to find the latitude of a place by measuring the elevation
above the horizon of the sun or another star.
Spectrometer It is used to measure the intensity of light absorbed by a substance. It is used in
chemistry and biology.
Spectroscope An instrument used for spectrum analysis
Speedometer It is an instrument placed in a vehicle to record its speed.
Spherometer It measures the curvatures of surfaces.
Sphygmomanometer It measures blood pressure.
Stereoscope It is used to view two-dimensional pictures.
Stroboscope It is used to view rapidly moving objects.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Tachometer An instrument used in measuring the speeds of aeroplanes and motor boats.
Teleprinter This instrument receives and sends typed messages from one place to another.
Telescope It is used to view distant objects in space. It is used in astronomy.
Theodolite It measures horizontal and vertical angles.
Thermometer It is used to measure temperature. It is used in medicine, meteorology, and other
fields that require temperature measurement.
Thermostat It regulates the temperature at a particular point.
Transistor A small device which may be used to amplify currents and perform other functions
usually performed by a thermionic valve
Udometer It is used to measure the amount of liquid precipitation over a set period of time. It is
also called Rain Gauge.
Vernier An adjustable scale for measuring small subdivisions of scale
Viscometer It measures the viscosity of liquids.
Voltmeter It measures the electric potential difference between two points.
201) The unit of electric power is (65th BPSC exam)

A. Ampere
B. Volt
C. Coulomb
D. Watt
Ans. D. Watt
 Electric current → Ampere
 Electrical potential → Volt
 Electric power → Watt
 Electric charge → Coulomb.
 The unit of electric power is called watts, which is equal to one ampere under the pressure of one volt (P =
V×I).The name Watt is given to honor James Watt
202) Visual Impairment "Myopia ......., is known as?(65th BPSC Re-exam)

A. Hypermetropia
B. Presbyopia
C. Glaucoma
D. Cataract
E. None of the above/more than one of the above
Ans. E. None of the above
The visual impairment or Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, is a very common vision disorder that is usually
diagnosed before age 20. In Myopia the eyeball is too long for the normal focusing power of the eye, as a result
images of distant objects appear blurred.
203) With reference to LED (Light Emitting Diode) which statement is not correct? (65th BPSC Re-exam)
A. LED light sources consume less Energy
B. LED are more durable than light bulbs
C. LED contain mercury which is harmful to humans
D. LED is used in traffic signal lights
LED contain mercury which is harmful to humans
The term LED stands for Light Emitting Diode. It is a source of less energy consuming. It is more durable and has
extended life span than light bulbs. LED's are mostly used in Automotive lightening and traffic signal lights. LED is a
semiconductor device that emits light when electric current is passed through it. It does not contain mercury. Hence,
option C is not correct
204) Which of the following is used in Solar furnace? (65th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Plane mirror
B. Concave mirror
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
C. Convex mirror
D. Concave Lens
Ans. B. Concave mirror
Concave mirror converges the parallel sun rays at a point. It helps to increase the temperature of the furnace that can
reach up to 3500°C. So concave mirror is basically used in the designing of solar furnace.
205) What is the optical instrument used to see minimal objects?(65th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Microscope
B. Electroscope
C. Spectroscopy
D. Stethoscope
Ans. A. Microscope
A microscope can be used to see minimal (Small/micro) objects. It gets a clear magnified view of microorganisms like
cells, bacteria and amoeba. Two Dutch spectacle makers, Hans and his son Zacharias Janssen, create the first
microscope in the late 16th century. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe bacteria under microscope
206) Ultrasonic waves are? (65th BPSC Re-exam)

A. Frequency of Sound wave, less than 20 kHz
B. Frequency of Sound wave, more than 20 kHz
C. Frequency of Sound wave, between 20 Hz and 20kHz
D. Electro-magnetic waves
Ans. B. Frequency of Sound wave, more than 20 kHz
Ultrasonic waves are the frequency of sound wave which are greater than the audible range for human (more than
20 kHz).
207) Which of the following metals has the highest electrical conductivity? (65th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Gold
B. Silver
C. Copper
D. Iron
Ans. B. Silver
Silver has the highest electrical conductivity. It is the most electrically conductive metal on the Earth. Second most
electrically conductive metal is Copper.
208) The element commonly used to generate electricity from nuclear fission in nuclear reactor is?
(65th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Radium
B. Plutonium
C. Uranium
D. Deuterium
Ans. C. Uranium
The fuel pellets of Uranium (U235) is used to produce electricity in nuclear reactor by nuclear fission. U235 is
bombarded with neutron particles and nucleus breaks down into two nuclei then more neutron particles are used to
break more uranium atoms resultantly chain reaction occurs which helps to generate electricity.
209) Boiling point of liquids at high altitude? (65th BPSC Re-exam)

RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Remain constant
D. Decrease after increasing
Ans. B. Decreases
At higher altitude where the atmospheric pressure is lower, the Vapour pressure is also lower which in turn creates a
lower boiling point (decrease). Cooking at high altitude takes more time than cooking at surface (sea level).
210) According to Chemistry, which of the following is an example of physical change?(65th BPSC Re-
exam)
A. Rusting of iron
B. Boiling of water
C. Burning of wood
D. Green levelling on copper utensils
Ans. B. Boiling of water
Physical Changes are the reversible process. In Physical change, the substances involved do not change their original
form. They can be easily returned to their original form by some physical changes for example- freezing of water,
boiling of water, making a solution, etc.
211) Which of the following is a non-ferrous metallic mineral? (65th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Manganese
B. Nickel
C. Cobalt
D. Tin
Ans. E. None of the above/more than one of the above
There are several kind of mineral, basically ferrous minerals and non-ferrous minerals. Ferrous minerals are metallic
minerals containing iron. Example: Manganese, Nickel, cobalt, Tin, Iron etc, and Nonferrous Metallic minerals are that
do not contain iron example - Gold, copper, zinc, etc.
212) The glass which is used in tube lights and test tubes, is made up of ? (65th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Silica
B. Calcium Carbonate
C. Sodium Carbonate
D. Pieces of Glass
The tube lights and test tubes are made up from expansion resistant type glasses, mostly Borosilicate (Silica + boron
trioxide) glass or fused quartz. Borosilicate glasses are more durable and resistant to heat. It is used in higher
temperature lamp
213) Alcohol can be converted into carboxylic acid by? (65th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Only by Oxidation
B. Only by Reduction
C. By esterification
D. Both Oxidation and Reduction
Ans. A. Only by Oxidation
Alcohols are converted into carboxylic acid by the process of oxidation. Primary alcohols are oxidized to carboxylic
acids in two stages, first to an Aldehyde and then to the acid.
214) Which one of the following is the best fire extinguisher? (65th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Soil
B. Water
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
C. Oxygen
D. Carbon dioxide
Ans. D. Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide is the best fire extinguisher. It displaces oxygen from the air or takes away the oxygen element from
the fire triangle which helps in extinguishing the fire.
215) Fullerene or Bucky balls are, composed of how many carbon atoms? (65th BPSC Re-exam)
A. 20
B. 40
C. 45
D. 50
Fullerenes belong to the carbon-only molecules family, and it is composed of 60 carbon atoms (C60) in form of a ball
like structure. They are cluster of carbon. Fullerene was discovered by Richard E. Smalley and F. Curl of Rice
University, Houston and Harold W. Kroto of University of Sussex, USA in 1985. Fullerenes are also known as Bucky ball
and carbon nanotubes.
216) Which of the following phenomenon increase oxygen level in the carbon cycle taking place on
earth? (65th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Respiration
B. Volcanic Eruption
C. Decay of Organic Matter
D. Photosynthesis
Ans. D. Photosynthesis
The leading producers of oxygen are plants and sunlight by the process of photosynthesis. It is a biological process in
which green plants synthesize their food in presence of Sunlight and produce energy and oxygen
217) Which of the following is a vascular plant? (65th BPSC Re-exam)

A. Moss
B. Liverwort
C. Hornwort
D. Fern
Ans. D. Fern
Vascular Plants are also called Tracheophytes, which means duct or vessel in Plants. The vascular plants have vascular
tissues including xylem (Conducting water) and Phloem (integrating food). Vascular plants include all the seed
containing plants as: Ferns, Angiosperms and Gymnosperms.
218) Which of the following is a perfect example of Organic fertilizer: (65th BPSC Re-exam)
1) Mycorrhizal fungi
2) Blue Green Algae
3) Bacillus thuringiensis
A. Only I
B. Only I and II
C. Only II
D. Only III
Ans. B. Only I and II
Organic fertilizers are the by-product of plant and animal manures. Organic fertilizers are substances that contain
microbes. It Comprises of living organisms which include Mycorrhizal fungi, Blue Green Algae and Cyno bacteria.
Bacillus thuringiensis is Pesticide. Hence, option (b) only statement I and II are correct.
219) Which of the following plants has modified its stem to store food materials?(65th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Ginger
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
B. Radish
C. Beet
D. Carrot
Ans. A. Ginger
The plants which store food in their stem are ginger, onion, banana, potato, bamboo, pineapple, cactus etc.
Note: Plants that produce underground modifications of stem utilize it for permeation and storage of food.
220) Which of the following cell organelles destroy bacteria entering the cell? (65th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Ribosome
B. Golgi body
C. Lysosome
D. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ans. C. Lysosome
 A Lysosome is a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzyme. It involves in various cell
processes. Lysosome destroys invading viruses and bacteria. Lysosomes are known as Suicide Bags of the cell.
 The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a large organelle composed of membranous sheets and tubules that start near
the nucleus and stretch throughout the cell. The endoplasmic reticulum produces, packages, and secretes many
of the products a cell creates.
 The Golgi apparatus has multiple names such as Golgi complex or Golgi body. The name is given on the name of
the scientist, who discovered the organelle, i.e. Camillo Golgi. It is found in all the eukaryotic cells, plants as well
as animals. They are membrane-bound organelle present in the cytosol of the cell.
 Ribosomes are non-membrane-bound cell organelles made of RNA and proteins.
221) Iron deficiency causes in the body? (65th BPSC Re-exam)

A. Anaemia
B. Scurvy
C. Osteoporosis
D. Skin disease
Ans. A. Anaemia
Anaemia is a condition in which the number of Red Blood Cells or their oxygen carrying capacity is reduced. Basically
Anaemia is caused by the deficiency of Iron. Some other factors also causes Anaemia i.e. deficiency of vitamin B12,
folate and vitamin B9.
222) Ideal temperature of Human body is (65th BPSC Re-exam)

A. 99.6°F
B. 97.4°F
C. 98.6°F
D. 95.6°F
Ans. C. 98.6°F
In general, average normal body temperature of human body is considered as 98.6°F or 37°C. In adult, the average of
human body temperature is 97°F to 99°F
223) Which organ of the human body affected by typhoid disease? (65th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Lung
B. Spinal cord
C. Body Joints
D. Intestine
Ans. D. Intestine
Typhoid is a bacterial disease that mainly spreads by contaminated water and food. Intestine (small intestine) of the
human body is affected by Typhoid disease.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Fig: diseases caused by bacteria
224) In which organ of Human body is epithelial cells are found? (65th BPSC Re-exam)
A. Hair
B. Nose
C. Lungs
D. Pancreas
Epithelium is one of the body cell that forms the covering on all internal and external surfaces of body. There are
various kinds of epithelial tissue throughout the body. Which are - outer layer of skin (epidermis), Intestine, Lining of
respiratory tract, abdominal cavity and etc.
225) Which of the following has pH value 7? (64th BPSC exam)

A. Pure water
B. Neutral Solution
C. Basic Solution
D. Acidic Solution
Ans. A. Pure water
Solution Type pH Value Hydrogen Ion Concentration (H+)
Pure Water 7 Equal to Hydroxide Ion Concentration (OH–)
Neutral Solution 7 Equal to Hydroxide Ion Concentration (OH–)
Basic Solution Greater than 7 Lower than Hydroxide Ion Concentration (OH–)
Acidic Solution Less than 7 Higher than Hydroxide Ion Concentration (OH–)
226) Which of the following elements does not contain neutrons? (64th BPSC exam)
A. Oxygen
B. Nitrogen
C. Hydrogen
D. Copper
Ans. C. Hydrogen
 Hydrogen has mass number one and its atomic number is also one. It does not contain neutrons.
 Oxygen (O) has 8 protons and 8 neutrons.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
 Nitrogen (N) has 7 protons and 7 neutrons.

 Copper (Cu) has 29 protons and 35 neutrons.
227) Angstrom is a unit of (64th BPSC exam)

A. Wavelength
B. Energy
C. Frequency
D. Velocity
Ans. A. Wavelength
 Wavelength is the distance between two consecutive crests or two consecutive troughs in a transverse wave.
Wavelength also represents a repeating pattern of any traveling energies, such as light or sound. Wavelength is
usually expressed by the units of nanometres (nm) or micrometres (µm). It is represented by the symbol λ which
is read as lambda.
 Energy is commonly measured in joules (J) or electron volts (eV).
 Frequency is typically measured in hertz (Hz)
 Velocity is commonly measured in meters per second (m/s).
228) Who discovered DNA? (64th BPSC exam)

A. James Watson and Francis Crick
B. Gregor Mendel
C. Johannsen
D. Hargovind Khurrana
Ans. A. James Watson and Francis Crick
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
 Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is an organic molecule with a complex molecular structure.
 DNA molecule's strands are made up of a long chain of monomer nucleotides. It is arranged in a double helix
structure.
 James Watson and Francis Crick discovered that DNA is a double-helix polymer in 1953.
 It is essential for the transfer of the genetic characteristic of the living being from one generation to the other
generation.
 The majority of DNA is found in the cell nucleus so it is called nuclear DNA.
Associated Terms Inventors
Vitamins Hopkins
Antigen Landsteiner
DNA Watson & Crick
DDT Paul Muller
Homeopathy Samuel Hahnemann
Polio Vaccine J. E. Salk
TB Bacteria Robert Koch
BCG Calmette and Guerin
Bacteria Leeuwenhoek
Open Heart Surgery Walton Lillehei
Streptomycin Waksman
Stethoscope Rene Laennec
Penicillin A. Fleming
RNA Watson & Arthur
Microbes of Malaria Charles Laveran
Kidney Machine Dr. Willem Kolff
Heart Transplantation Christiaan Barnard
Anti-pregnancy pills Pincus
Genetic Code Har Gobind Khorana
First Test tube baby Edwards & Steptoe
Blood Circulation William Harvey
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Bacteria of Leprosy Henson

Vaccination Edward Jenner
Polio Drop Albert Sabin
Gene of Cancer Robert Weinberg
Chloroform Harrison & Simpson
Rh factor, blood Charles Landsteiner
replacement
Sex Hormones Eugen Stainak
Sperm Humm & Leeuwenhoek
Spleen-Functions Barcroft
Streptomycin – antibiotic Selman Waksman
Sulpha drugs Domagk G.
Three- Kingdom Ernest Haeckel
Classification
Thyroxin Edward Calvin
Turner’s Syndrome Turner
Cancer Robert Wellberg
X-rays Roentgen
Zymase, the first enzyme Edward Buchner
ABA (Abscisic acid) Addicott
Amoeba Roesel Von Rosenhof
Animal Cloning-First (frogs Robert Briggs and
from tadpole cells) Thomas King
Antibody against Rabies Louis Pasteur
Antitoxin against Won Berring
Diphtheria
Artificial Heart Michael Dibake
Aspirin Dresser
ATP Lohmann K
Bacteriophage Towrt and De Herelle
Biocatalysts Bushner
Biochemical Evolution Wald
Blood Capillaries Marcello Malpighi
Blood Circulation William Harvey
Blood Coagulation- Moravits
Explained
Blood Group (AB) De Castello and Sturli
Blood Group (O) De Castello and Sturli
Blood Gropus (A, B and O) Carl Land Steiner
Blood Pressure- Measured Stephen Hales
Carbon Dating Libby W.F
Cell Robert Hooke
Cell Division Hofmeister
Cell Theory Schleiden and Schwann
Chemotherapy Paul Erlich
Chloroform James Simpson
Chloromycetin (antibiotic) Burk Holder
Chloroplast Schimper
Cholera Bacteria Robert Koch
Chromatin Fleming W
Chromatography Michael Tswett
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Chromosomes (Nuclear Anton Schneider

Filaments)-described
Colour Blindness Hornerd
(Daltonism)
Compound Microscope Zacharias Janssen
Contraceptive Pills Pincus
Cortisone Edward Calvin
CT Scan (Computer Allan Mcleod Cormack
Assisted Tomography (CAT) and God Frey Newbold
Hounsfield
Cyclosis Amici G.B.
ECG (Electrocardiogram) Einthoven
Mechanism
Electron Microscope Knoll M. and Ruska E.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Porter K.R, Claude and
Fullman
Evolution of man Leakey
Five Kingdom Whittaker R.H
Classification Grew
Flower-its reproductive
parts
Foot and Mouth Disease- Loeffler F. and Frosch A.
First viral disease of
animals
Four-Kingdom Copeland
Classification
Glycolysis (EMP pathway) Embden, Meyerhof and
Parnas
Glyoxysomes Breidenbach
Golgibodies Camillo Golgi
Green Revolution Norman E. Borlaug
Haemophilia John C. Otto
Heart transplantation Christian Bernard
Surgery
HIV Luc Montagnier
Hormones Bayliss and Starling
Human Gene Therapy Martin Clive
Insulin Sir Frederick Grant
Branding; J.J.R Macleod
229) What is Triglyceride? (64th BPSC exam)

A. Protein
B. Carbohydrate
C. Fat
D. Mineral
Ans. C. Fat
Fats
 Fat is one of the three main macronutrients: fat, carbohydrate, & protein.
 Fat is a major source of energy & helps your body absorb vitamins.
 Fat has the most calories compared to any other nutrient.
 Controlling fat intake is important for maintaining weight & preventing or delaying type 2 diabetes.
 Fats, also known as triglycerides, are esters of three fatty acid chains & the alcohol glycerol.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
 Fats are solids at room temperature.

 Oil refers to a fat with unsaturated fatty acid chains that is liquid at room temperature.
 Fats, like other lipids, are generally insoluble in water.
230) Electroencephalogram is used in monitoring (64th BPSC exam)

A. Heart
B. Liver
C. Pancreas
D. Brain
Ans. D. Brain
Electroencephalogram (EEG):An EEG is a recording of brain activity.It is a test that detects abnormalities in
your brain waves, or in the electrical activity of your brain.
Liver:The liver is the largest solid organ in the body. It removes toxins from the body’s blood supply,
maintains healthy blood sugar levels, regulates blood clotting, and performs hundreds of other vital
functions. It is located beneath the rib cage in the right upper abdomen.
Heart:The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body.It supplies oxygen and nutrients
to the tissues and removes carbon dioxide and waste from the blood.It also helps to maintain adequate
blood pressure throughout the body.Heart pumps the blood throughout the body, hence playing an
important role in maintaining body temperature.
Pancreas Function
 Exocrine Function: The pancreas consists of exocrine glands that produce enzymes trypsin and
chymotrypsin that are essential for digestion. These enzymes contain chymotrypsin and trypsin to digest
proteins, amylase for the digestion of carbohydrates and lipase to break down fats. These pancreatic
juices are liberated into the system of ducts and culminated in the pancreatic duct when the food enters
the stomach.
 Endocrine Function: The endocrine part of the pancreas comprises Islets of Langerhans that release
insulin and glucagon directly into the bloodstream. They help in regulating the blood sugar levels of the
body.
231) Body temperature is regulated by (64th BPSC exam)

A. Thalamus
B. Hypothalamus
C. Cerebellum
D. Medulla
Ans. B. Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus is a tiny gland located towards the base of the brain and lies above the pituitary gland. The
function of hypothalamus in the brain is a vital one; it forms a direct link between the endocrine system and the
nervous system through the pituitary gland.
The role of hypothalamus is an essential one and includes these following activities:
 Maintaining sleep cycles
 Connects the nervous and endocrine systems
 Balances body fluids
 Regulates blood pressure and heart rate
 Autonomic function control
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
 Maintains homeostasis, such as regulating body temperature, appetite and body weight, heart rate and blood
pressure, etc.
 Motor function check
 Eating and Drinking
 Emotion control
232) Choose the correct statement(64th BPSC exam)

A. Wavelength of red light is less than violet light
B. Wavelength of red light is more than violet light
C. Wavelength of violet light is more than green light
D. Wavelength of yellow light is more than yellow light
Ans. B. Wavelength of red light is more than violet light
Table of the Wavelengths of Various Colours, and Their Frequencies:
Colour Wavelength in nm Frequency in THz
Red 750 - 610 480 - 405
Orange 610 - 590 510 - 480
Yellow 590 - 570 530 - 510
Green 570 - 500 580 - 530
Blue 500 - 450 670 - 600
Indigo 450 - 425 600 - 700
Violet 425 - 400 700 - 790
 White Light: White light's wavelength extends from 400 to 750 nm. When the white colour is passed through the
prism, the light spectrum is formed due refraction of different wavelengths through different angles.
 Ultraviolet Light: Ultraviolet light extends from the end of the visible region and the X-ray region in the
electromagnetic spectrum. It gets its name as it is the light closest to the violet portion of the visible light and is
in the range of 10 to 400 nm.
 Infrared Light: Infrared radiation has a longer wavelength than visible light and is close to the red portion of the
visible spectrum of light. It extends from 750 nm to 1 mm. Infrared radiation cannot be seen but can be felt in
the form of heat.
 Red Light and Orange Light: Red light and orange lights whose wavelength lies between 750 to 610 nm and 610
to 590 nm respectively are best viewed naturally during sunrise and sunset. This is because the associated
wavelengths of red and orange from sunlight are not properly scattered by the atmosphere during these times.
 Yellow Light: Yellow light has a wavelength between 590 and 570 nm. Yellow light is emitted by low-pressure
sodium lamps.
 Green Light: Green colour, whose wavelength extends from 570 to 500 nm, can be prominently seen in grass and
leaves. Grass reflects green wavelength and absorbs all other wavelengths and thus appears green.
 Blue Light: Blue light has a wavelength ranging from 500 to 450 nm. The atmosphere scatters shorter
wavelengths efficiently and thus the wavelength corresponding to the colour blue is scattered efficiently by the
atmosphere. That’s why the sky appears blue when we look up at it.
 Indigo Light Violet Light: With a wavelength between 450 and 425 nm, indigo is a colour which is between the
primary colour blue and the colour violet in the colour wheel. Violet with a wavelength of 425 to 400 nm is the
visible light with the shortest wavelength. It has a shorter wavelength and is hence scattered more effectively by
the atmosphere. But since our eyes are sensitive to blue colour, the sky appears blue rather than indigo or violet
colour.
233) The value of 40°C in Fahrenheit scale is (64th BPSC exam)

A. 104°F
B. 100°F
C. 102°F
D. 75°F
Ans. A. 104°F
To convert Celsius (°C) to Fahrenheit (°F), you can use the formula: °F = (°C × 9/5) + 32
Let's calculate the value of 40°C in Fahrenheit:
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
°F = (40 × 9/5) + 32°F

°F = (72) + 32°F
°F = 104
Therefore, the value of 40°C in Fahrenheit scale is 104°F.
234) The unit of electric power is (64th BPSC exam)

A. Ampere
B. Volt
C. Coulomb
D. Watt
Ans. D. Watt
In physics, electric power measures the rate of electrical energy transfer by an electric circuit per unit of time.
Denoted by P and measured using the SI unit of power which is watt or one joule per second. Electric power is
commonly supplied by electric batteries and produced by electric generators.
235) In electrical motor (64th BPSC exam)

A. Heat is converted into electrical energy
B. Electrical energy is converted into heat
C. Electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy
D. Mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy
Ans. C. Electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy
Name of Transformation of energy
apparatus
Dynamo Conversion of mechanical energy into electric energy
Microphone Conversion of sound energy into electrical energy
Tubelight Conversion of electric energy into light energy
Electric bulb Conversion of electric energy into heat and light energy
Electric cell Conversion of chemical into electric energy
Candle Conversion of chemical energy into heat and light energy
Sitar Conversion of mechanical energy into sound energy
236) Human body contains (64th BPSC exam)

A. About 70% water
B. 20-30% water
C. 10-20% water
D. 30-40% water
Ans. A. About 70% water
Our body contains about 70% of water by weight. Most organs, skins, muscles and even bones are made primarily
from water.
237) Einstein got the Nobel Prize for (64th BPSC exam)
A. Relativity
B. Bose-Einstein condensation
C. Mass-energy equivalence
D. Photoelectric effect
Ans. D. Photoelectric effect
Some inventions and contributions of Einstein are Avogadro’s Number, Quantum Theory of Light, General Theory of
Relativity, Special Theory of Relativity, The Photoelectric Effect, Wave-Particle Duality, Brownian movement, the
relationship between mass and energy, Bose-Einstein Condensate, and many more.
Avogadro’s Number
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
 Avogadro’s number is a concept in chemistry that defines that the number of units in one mole of a substance is
equal to 6.022140857×1023
 The Avogadro constant is named after the Italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro. It is the proportionality factor
defined by Albert Einstein to relate the number of constituent particles like molecules, ions, and atoms in a
sample with the amount of substance in that sample. The numeric value of the Avogadro constant is expressed
as the reciprocal of mole.
 When Einstein was working on Brownian motion to explain the erratic movement of particles in a fluid, he came
up with an expression for the quantity of Avogadro’s number in terms of measurable quantities. This leads to a
path to determine the mass of an atom, or the molar mass for each element on the periodic table. Albert
Einstein presented a new way of calculating Avogadro’s number and the size of molecules.
Brownian Movement
The Brownian movement is one of the significant contributions of Albert Einstein. While studying the molecular
theory of liquids, he tried to explain the motion of particles through Brownian motion. This theory explains the
random movement of particles in a fluid or gas. Einstein explained the zigzag movement of particles in suspension,
and this study aimed to prove the existence of molecules and atoms in particles.
Quantum Theory of Light
Einstein was the key person behind the quantum theory of light. He proposed and explained that light consists of
packets of energy known as photons in 1905. He gave the physical interpretation to Planck’s mathematics when he
proposed that electromagnetic radiation itself is granular, consisting of quanta with an energy hf. He also explained
the emission of electrons from metals when hit with large electric pulses, like lightning.
Special Theory of Relativity
 The Special Theory of Relativity is also known as special relativity. It is a theory regarding the relationship
between time and space. This theory is based on two postulates.
 The laws of physics are the same for all, irrespective of the velocity of the observer.
 The speed of light is always constant, regardless of the motion of the light source or the motion of the observer.
 This theory is one of the reasons to explain the origin of the most famous equation E=mc2
 When we hear the mass and energy relationship equation E=mc2, we remember the great scientist Einstein
instantaneously.
Photoelectric Effect
In 1905, Albert Einstein proposed this theory, which is the base of modern Physics. It is the phenomenon that occurs
when the material absorbs electromagnetic radiations and electrically charged particles are released from or within
it. In this process, electrons are emitted from the metal plate when light falls on it. The emitted electrons are known
as photoelectrons.
Wave-Particle Duality
Einstein explained that light consists of photons, which are considered packets of energy. This concept was explained
and demonstrated in the quantum theory of light. Einstein stressed that light should be treated as both a wave and a
particle. He explained that photons in light can behave both as particles and waves at the same time. This concept is
known as wave-particle duality. Through a two-slit apparatus experiment, he proved the dual nature of light.
General Theory of Relativity
The general theory of relativity generalizes the concepts of Special Relativity, Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation,
describing gravity as a property of space and time. It is the geometric theory of gravitation, published in the year
1915. The General Theory of Relativity is also known as General relativity. The general theory of relativity gives the
current description of gravitation in modern physics.
Bose-Einstein Condensate
The great Indian physicist and mathematician Satyendra Nath Bose with Albert Einstein developed the concept,
which helped to understand light as a gas. The Bose-Einstein concept proposed and demonstrated that when atoms
are cooled very close to absolute zero, they hardly move in relation to one another. These atoms form clusters or
clumps and enter into the same energy states. Hence, they concluded that the group of atoms behaves and display
the characteristics of a single atom.
238) The powerhouse of cell is (64th BPSC exam)

A. Cell Wall
B. Mitochondria
C. Ribosome
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
D. Nucleus
Ans. B. Mitochondria
Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles found in the cells of most eukaryotic organisms.
They are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of cells because they generate the majority of the cell's energy in
the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Functions:Mitochondria carry out cellular respiration, a process that converts nutrients into ATP.Mitochondria
convert energy from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into a usable form for the cell.They metabolize glucose to
produce ATP, which powers various cellular processes.Mitochondria participate in cell signaling pathways, influencing
processes like cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis.
Inheritance:Mitochondria have their own DNA, known as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which encodes a small
number of essential proteins.In most animals, mtDNA is inherited solely from the mother.Mutations in mtDNA can
lead to mitochondrial disorders and various health conditions.
239) Which instrument is used to measure humidity? (64th BPSC exam)

A. Hydrometer
B. Hygrometer
C. Pyrometer
D. Lactometer
Ans. B. Hygrometer
 Hygrometer is an instrument used to measure the humidity or moisture content in the air. It provides a
quantitative measurement of the amount of water vapor present in the atmosphere.
 Hydrometer is an instrument used to measure the density or specific gravity of a liquid.
 Pyrometer is an instrument used to measure high temperatures, typically without direct contact with the object
being measured.
 Lactometer is an instrument used to measure the specific gravity or density of milk. It is primarily used to
determine the quality and composition of milk, including its fat content.
240) What is the unit of pressure? (64th BPSC exam)

A. Newton/sq meter
B. Newton-meter
C. Newton
D. Newton/meter
Ans. A. Newton/sq meter
 Newton/square meter, which is also known as Pascal (Pa) is the unit of pressure.
 Newton-meter (Nm) is the unit of torque or moment of force.
 Newton (N) is the unit of force
 The unit "Newton/meter" (N/m) is the unit of surface tension.
241) Quartz Crystals used in clocks are (63rd BPSC exam)

A. Sodium Silicate
B. Silicon dioxide
C. Germanium Oxide
D. Titanium Dioxide
Ans. B. Silicon dioxide
Quartz crystals used in clocks are silicon dioxide. Almost every modern clock that's made nowadays has a quartz
crystal-based oscillator inside them. Quartz has piezoelectric property, which means that it generates a small voltage
when pressure is applied on it. The reverse of this is also true, where a voltage applied to the crystal causes it to
vibrate at a specific frequency
Uses of Sodium silicate ((Na2O)x·SiO2)
 Sodium silicate is used in wastewater treatment plants as an iron flocculant and an alum coagulant.
 It is used as hand-dyeing as a fixative.
 It is used in Pottery.
 It is widely used in food preservation, homebrewing, and aquaculture.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Germanium
Germanium is a silvery-grey metalloid that is used for night vision and thermographic cameras. It forms amphoteric
oxides. It can be in an amorphous or crystalline form. There is a hexagonal and tetragonal structure in the case of
GeO2. Silica-germania, a compound formed by silicon dioxide and germanium dioxide, is used for optical fibres.
Titanium dioxide
Titanium dioxide is composed of a barium cation and a sulfate anion. The sulfur is attached to four oxygen atoms.
TiO2 is a sulfate salt of barium and is found as the mineral barite. It is a crystalline solid white in colour which is
insoluble in water and alcohol but soluble in concentrated acids. It is odourless.
Titanium dioxide is an alkaline, divalent metal. It is non-toxic and safe for medical use. It is widely used in the
production of oil and natural gas to get high-density drilling fluids by keeping the boreholes free of rock.
242) Bromine is a (63rd BPSC exam)

A. Colourless Gas
B. Brown Solid
C. Highly inflammable gas
D. Red liquid
Ans. D. Red liquid
Bromine is a chemical element as of halogen group. It is brown-red liquid at room temperature which evaporates
readily to form similarly colored vapour
Uses of Bromine
 Bromine is a good oxidising agent like other chlorine water and is more useful as it does not decompose readily.
 It also liberates free iodine from iodide- containing solutions and sulphur from hydrogen sulphide.
 Sulphurous acid is oxidised to sulphuric acid by bromine water.
Properties Of Bromine
 The electron affinity of this metal is very high and much similar to the chlorine.
 It is a less powerful oxidising agent as compared to the chloride ion and that too because of weaker hydration of
the bromide ion.
 The electron affinity of this metal is very high and much similar to chlorine.
 It is a less powerful oxidising agent as compared to the chloride ion and that too because of weaker hydration of
the bromide ion.
 A metal-bromine bond is also weaker than the corresponding metal-chlorine bond.
Certain Facts About Bromine
 This element is bleach and is poisonous in fluid form, the vapours of it are dangerous for human skin, eyes, and
the respiratory tract.
 It can also cause severe burn, a concentration of 1 ppm can lead to eye-watering and one can start to cough
when inhalation of concentration below 10 ppm occurs.
243) Gases used in welding are (63rd BPSC exam)

A. Oxygen and Hydrogen
B. Oxygen and Nitrogen
C. Oxygen and Acetylene
D. Hydrogen and Acetylene
Ans. C. Oxygen and acetylene
Gases used in welding process include:
 Shielding gases such as carbon dioxide, argon, helium etc.
 Fuel gases such as acetylene, propane, butane etc.
 Oxygen used with fuel gases and also in small amounts in same shielding gas mixture.
244) Galvanized iron pipes have a coating of (63rd BPSC exam)

A. Zinc
B. Mercury
C. Lead
D. Chromium
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Ans. A. Zinc
Galvanizing, or galvanization, is a manufacturing process where a coating of zinc is applied to steel or iron to offer
protection and prevent rusting. There are several galvanizing processes available, but the most commonly offered
and used method is called hot-dip galvanizing.
245) The wavelength of visible spectrum is in the range (63rd BPSC exam)
A. 1300-3900 Angstrom
B. 3900-7600 Angstrom
C. 7800-8200 Angstrom
D. 8500-9800 Angstrom
Ans. B. 3900-7600 Angstrom
 Visible spectrum is a field of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. The wavelength of
electromagnetic radiation visible to the human eye is called visible light or simply light. Wavelengths of the range
of between 380 to 740 nanometers are perceivable to human eyes. Considering the frequency, this corresponds
to a band frequency between 405 to 790 THz.
 Here, the spectrum doesn't contain the entire colors, which can be distinguished by the human visual system.
 For example, unsaturated colors like pink, or purple variations like magenta are absent because these colors can
only be made from a mixture of multiple wavelengths. The colors which contain only one wavelength are called
pure colors or spectral colors.
 Electromagnetic radiations are transmitted in the form of waves of different wavelengths and frequencies. This
broad range of wavelengths of the electromagnetic radiations is called the electromagnetic spectrum.
 Electromagnetic spectrum is divided into seven regions in the increasing order of frequency and decreasing order
of wavelength. These are radio waves, microwaves, infrared (IR), visible light, ultraviolet (UV), X-rays, and gamma-
rays.
 The visible light falls between the range of the ultraviolet and infrared regions. The frequency of visible light
varies from 4 × 1014 to 8 × 1014 Hz, and the wavelength of visible light varies from 380 nanometers to 740
nanometers.
246) Detergents used for cleaning clothes are (63rd BPSC exam)
A. Carbonates
B. Bicarbonates
C. Bismuthates
D. Sulfonates
Ans. D. Sulfonates
As we all know, detergents are water soluble cleaning agents that combine with impurities and dirt to make them
more soluble. They are sodium salt of long chain benzene sulphonic acid or the sodium salt of a long chain alkyl
hydrogen sulphate. Furthermore detergents are classified into three categories.
Anionic detergents are mainly alkylbenzenesulfonates and in this type of detergent the alkyl benzene portion of
these anions is lipophilic and the sulfonate part is hydrophilic.
Cationic detergents are very similar to anionic detergents. The cationic surfactants have ammonium ion as the polar
end instead of the anionic sulfonate group.
So detergent used for cleaning purposes mainly contains sulphonates.
247) The elements excreted through human sweat is (63rd BPSC exam)
A. Sulphur
B. Magnesium
C. Iron
D. Zinc
E. None of the above/More than one of the above
Ans. E. None of the above/More than one of the above
Sweating is the release of liquid from body's sweat glands. Sweat is made up of several chemicals mainly consists of
water, minerals, lactic and Urea. The sodium potassium, calcium and magnesium are the minerals composition of
sweat. Some traces of metals that the body excretes in sweat are zinc, copper, iron, chromium, Nickel and Lead.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
248) Blue vitriol is chemically (63rd BPSC exam)

A. Copper Sulphate
B. Nickel Sulphate
C. Sodium Sulphate
D. Iron sulphate
Ans. A. Copper Sulphate
 The blue vitriol is also known as the Copper Sulphate pentahydrate or crystalline copper sulphate. The chemical
formula for blue vitriol is CuSO4.5H2O. Applications of blue vitriol: It is used as a herbicide and a fungicide. It is
used as an analytical reagent. It is used as battery electrolytes. It is used as a mordant during a vegetable dyeing
process
 Iron Sulphate is also known as Green vitriol
 Zinc Sulphateis also known as White vitriol
249) The positively charged part at the centre of an atom is called as(63rd BPSC exam)
A. Proton
B. Neutron
C. Electron
D. Nucleus
Ans. D. Nucleus
The positively charged parts at the centre of an atom is nucleus. A nucleus of an atom has proton and neutrons. As
we know that a proton has charge of +1 while a neutron has no charge, or zero. So the nucleus of an atom will always
have positive charge.
250) The conversion of a solid directly into gas is called as (63rd BPSC exam)
A. Sublimation
B. Condensation
C. Evaporation
D. Boiling
Ans. A. Sublimation
 In the process of evaporation, matter changes from a state of liquid to a gas.
 In the process of condensation, the matter changes from a state of gas to a liquid.
 Boiling is a common physical process in which a liquid substance is heated to its boiling point, at which it turns
into a gas.
 Sublimation is a process in which a solid transforms directly into vapours without changing into liquid.
251) In human system, insulin controls the metabolism of (63rd BPSC exam)
A. Fats
B. Carbohydrates
C. Proteins
D. Nucleic Acids
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Ans. B. Carbohydrates
Insulin is an anabolic hormone which is used for promoting the uptakes of glucose, glycogenesis, lipogenesis, and
protein synthesis that take place in the skeletal muscle and fat tissue. In human system, insulin controls the
metabolism of carbohydrates. In inhibits hepatic glucose production, promotes glucose storage in the liver and
glucose uptake and storage in muscles and adipose tissues.
252) Which of the following is mostly carbohydrate? (63rd BPSC exam)

A. Wheat
B. Barley
C. Rice
D. Maize
Ans. C. Rice
Rice is primarily composed by Carbohydrate. Carbohydrates are macro nutrients. These are compounds of oxygen,
hydrogen and carbon. Carbohydrates are essential nutrients which include sugars, fibre and starches.
253) The heaviest metal among the following is (63rd BPSC exam)
A. Gold
B. Silver
C. Mercury
D. Platinum
Ans. D. Platinum
The heaviest metal among the options is Platinum. The mass of an atom or a molecule is referred to as the atomic
mass. Atomic mass increases from left to right and from top to bottom of the Periodic Table.
254) The antibiotic among the following is (63rd BPSC exam)

A. Penicillin
B. Aspirin
C. Paracetamol
D. Sulfadiazine
E. None of the above/ more than one of the above
Ans. E. None of the above/ more than one of the above
 Among the options listed, the antibiotics are Penicillin and Sulfadiazine.
 Paracetamol is not an antibiotic It is used to treat fever and mild to moderate pain.
 Aspirin is an antipyretic. It is not an antibiotic, as It does not kill any microorganisms.
255) Stainless steel is an alloy of (63rd BPSC exam)

A. Iron and Nickel
B. Iron and Chromium
C. Copper and Chromium
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
D. Iron and Zinc

Stainless steel is a corrosion - resistant alloy of iron, chromium and in some cases, nickel and other metals. Chromium
play an important role in production of stainless steel. It gives the hardness to the stainless steel and makes it tough.
256) To protect broken bones, plaster of Paris is used. It is (63rd BPSC exam)
A. Slaked Lime
B. Calcium Carbonate
C. Calcium Oxide
D. Gypsum
Ans. D. Gypsum
Plaster of Paris is a white coloured powder. It is made up of gypsum. The plaster gets its name because, its main
ingredient gypsum is found abundantly in Paris. The white powder will form a paste when it is mixed with water and
it will harden into solid structures when dried. Thus, Plaster of Paris is used to make casts and moulds.
Some of its Uses are as follows:
 Plaster of Paris is a building material that is used as a protective coating on walls and ceilings.
 It is also used as a moulding and casting agent for decorative elements.
 It is used to give aesthetic finishing touches to the buildings.
 In the medical department, plaster is used in orthopaedics to put casts around fractured bones. This stiff casts
will help the bone heal and become like earlier.
 It is used to make historical monuments and structures.
 It is also used in the fresco painting. It is used to make replicas as it will not shrink even when it is sunk in water.
 Plaster of Paris is used to make sculptures and metal castings used as decorative in buildings.
 It is also used in buildings to avoid fire hazards as Plaster of Paris is fire resistant.
 It is used as a coating on wood and metal structures to avoid any fire accidents.
 Plaster is used to prepare for radiotherapy during production of individualized immobilization shells for patients.
 It is also used in dentistry to make moulds of the teeth to be replaced.
 Plaster is used by funeral homes to recreate destroyed tissue and reconnect severed limbs to the dead bodies in
case of accidents. It is also used to fill wounds during murder or accident.
257) A hydrocarbon in which two carbon atoms are joined by a double bond is called as an (63rd BPSC
exam)
A. Alkane
B. Alkene
C. Alkyne
D. Ionic Bond
Ans. B. Alkene
Alkanes (Saturated):
 Structure: Consists of single bonds between carbon atoms.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
 General Formula: CnH2n+2 . Examples: Methane (CH4) and ethane (C2H6).

 Properties: Non-reactive; used primarily as fuels.
Alkenes (Unsaturated with Double Bonds):
 Structure: Contain at least one double bond between carbon atoms.
 General Formula: CnH2n . Examples: Ethylene (C2H4) and propylene (C3H6).
 Properties: More reactive than alkanes due to the double bond; used in chemical synthesis and as a precursor for
plastics.
Alkynes (Unsaturated with Triple Bonds):
 Structure: Contain at least one triple bond between carbon atoms.
 General Formula: CnH2n−2
 Examples: Acetylene (C2H2).
 Properties: Extremely reactive; used in welding (oxy-acetylene torches) and as a chemical building block.
Ionic bond
The electrostatic force of attraction which holds the two oppositely charged ions together is called the ionic bond.
258) The chemical name for vinegar is (63rd BPSC exam)

A. Methanol
B. Ethanol
C. Acetic Acid
D. Ethyl Acetate
Ans. C. Acetic Acid
The chemical name for vinegar is acetic acid (CH3COOH).
Methanol
 Methanol is a low carbon, hydrogen carrier fuel produced from high ash coal, agricultural residue, CO2 from
thermal power plants and natural gas.
 Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol or wood alcohol, is a colorless, flammable liquid.
 It is the simplest alcohol.
 Methanol is commonly used as an industrial solvent, antifreeze, and fuel, but it is perhaps best known for its use
as an alcohol fuel in racing cars and as a feedstock for the production of chemicals and plastics.
 Applications:
o Fuel: Methanol can be used as an alternative fuel or fuel additive. It is often blended with gasoline to
improve combustion and reduce emissions. Methanol is also used in the production of biodiesel.
Methanol can be produced from renewable sources like biomass and can be used as a potential energy
carrier or fuel in fuel cells and other energy applications.
o Solvent: Methanol is a versatile solvent used in various industrial processes, including chemical
manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and the production of paints, varnishes, and coatings.
o Antifreeze: Methanol is used as an antifreeze in automotive applications, particularly in windshield washer
fluid.
o Chemical Feedstock: Methanol serves as a crucial feedstock for the production of various chemicals,
including formaldehyde, acetic acid, and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE).
Ethanol
 Ethanol is an organic compound which is a clear, colorless liquid that is flammable and has a characteristic odour.
 Production: It can be produced through the fermentation of sugars by yeast, a process that is used in the
production of alcoholic beverages. It can also be synthesized through chemical processes, such as hydration of
ethylene.
 Uses:
o Beverages: Ethanol is the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. It is consumed socially in various
forms, such as beer, wine, and spirits.
o Fuel: It is used as a biofuel and is often mixed with gasoline to produce ethanol-blended fuels.
o Industrial Solvent: Due to its ability to dissolve a wide range of substances, ethanol is used as a solvent in the
manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, perfumes, and other products.
o Medical and Laboratory Uses: Ethanol is used as an antiseptic, disinfectant, and a preservative in medical and
laboratory settings.
o Chemical Feedstock: It serves as a feedstock for the production of various chemicals.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl acetate is a very useful organic compound. Large-scale production of ethyl acetate, itself shows its importance
in the industry. A few of its uses are listed below –
 It is primarily used as solvent and diluent.
 It is used in the decaffeination of coffee beans and tea leaves.
 It is used in paints as an activator and hardener.
 Due to its fruity smell, it is used in perfumes, jelly etc.
 It is an important laboratory reagent.
 It is used in column chromatography and extractions as solvent.
 It is used in wines.
259) The acid used in a car battery is (63rd BPSC exam)

A. Acetic Acid
B. Hydrochloric Acid
C. Nitric Acid
D. Sulphuric Acid
Ans. D. Sulphuric Acid
Name Type Chemical Where found or used
Formula
Carbonic Mineral acid H2CO3 In soft drinks and lends fizz, In stomach as gastric juice, used in
acid tanning industry
Nitric acid Mineral acid HNO3 Used in the manufacture of explosives (TNT, Nitroglycerine) and
fertilizers (Ammonium nitrate, Calcium nitrate, Purification of
Au, Ag.
Hydrochloric Mineral acid HCl In purification of common salt, in textile industry as bleaching
acid agent, to make aqua regia.
Sulphuric Mineral acid H2SO4 Commonly used in car batteries, in the manufacture of
acid fertilizers (Ammonium sulphate, super phosphate) detergents
etc, in paints, plastics, drugs, in manufacture of artificial silk, in
petroleum refining.
Phosphoric Mineral acid H3PO4 Used in antirust paints and in fertilizers.
acid
Formic acid Organic acid HCOOH(CH2O2) Found in the stings of ants and bees, used in tanning leather, in
medicines for treating gout.
Acetic acid Organic acid CH3COOH(C2H4O Found in vinegar, used as solvent in the manufacture of dyes
2) and perfumes.
Lactic acid Organic acid CH3CH(OH)COO Responsible for souring of milk in curd.
H(C3H6O3)
Benzoic acid Organic acid C6H5COOH Used as a food preservative.
Citric acid Organic acid C7H6O2 Present in lemons, oranges and citrus fruits.
Tartaric acid Organic acid C4H6O6 Present in tamarind
260) The gas, which comes out on opening a soda water bottle is (63rd BPSC exam)
A. Carbon Dioxide
B. Hydrogen
C. Nitrogen
D. Sulphur dioxide
Ans. A. Carbon Dioxide
The gas which comes out on opening a soda bottle is carbon dioxide. Soda water, like other carbonate beverage,
contains carbon dioxide that has dissolved under pressure upto 1200pounds per square inch. When the pressure is
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
released by opening the soda container, the liquid cannot hold as much carbon dioxide, so the excess bubbles out of
the solution.
261) Which of the following is responsible for controlling hereditary characters of the living cells? (60-
62nd BPSC exam)
A. Enzyme
B. Hormone
C. RNA
D. DNA
Ans. D. DNA
DNA is responsible for controlling the hereditary character of living cells. DNA is the hereditary material found in
almost in living organisms. It is made up of molecules called nucleotides.
 Enzymes:Enzymes create chemical reactions in the body. They actually speed up the rate of a chemical reaction
to help support life. The enzymes in the body help to perform very important tasks. These include building
muscle, destroying toxins, and breaking down food particles during digestion.
 Hormones:Hormones are chemical substances that are secreted from endocrine glands or endocrine systems.
Hormones are responsible for controlling various body actions; they also control the onset of puberty and
maturity of the reproductive parts.
 RNA:Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a nucleic acid found in all living cells, often single-stranded, made of nucleotides
containing ribose sugars, nitrogenous bases, and phosphate groups. It comes in three types: messenger
RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA). Some RNAs regulate gene expression, while
viruses may use RNA as their genetic material. RNA's main role is to create proteins through translation and
serves as the primary genetic material for viruses.
262) Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched? (60-62nd BPSC exam)
A. Vitamin B1: Oranges
B. Vitamin D: Cod Liver Oil
C. Vitamin E: Wheat Germ Oil
D. Vitamin K: Alfa-Alfa
Oranges are a rich source of Vitamin C, in addition to Vitamin C, oranges provide smaller amount of other nutrients,
including calcium, potassium and Vitamin B1 (Thiamine). Alfalfa contains Vitamin K, Cod liver Oil contains Vitamin D
and Wheat germ Oil is the richest natural source of Vitamin E. Hence all the above given pairs are correctly matched.
263) Teflon is a polymer of which of the following monomers? (60-62nd BPSC exam)
A. Tetrafluoroethylene
B. Vinyl Chloride
C. Chloroprene
D. Acetylene dichloride
Ans. A. Tetrafluoroethylene
 Tetrafluoroethylene is the monomer from which Teflon, also known as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), is
derived.Teflon is chemically inert and highly resistant to corrosive reagents.
 It is utilized in the production of oil seals and gaskets due to its exceptional chemical resistance. Teflon is also
commonly employed as a non-stick coating for utensils, providing a convenient and easy to clean cooking
surface.
Monomer Polymer
Vinyl Chloride Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Chloroprene Polychloroprene
(Neoprene)
Acetylene dichloride Polyvinylidene Chloride
(PVDC)
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
264) Bakelite is formed by the condensation of (60-62nd BPSC exam)

A. Urea and Formaldehyde
B. Phenol and Formaldehyde
C. Phenol and acetaldehyde
D. Melamine and Formaldehyde
Ans. B. Phenol and Formaldehyde
Bakelite is a polymer made up of the monomers phenol and formaldehyde. It is the worlds' first man-made polymer.
It was invented by Leo Hendrik Baekeland.
265) Which of the following vitamins is known as ergocalciferol? (60-62nd BPSC exam)
A. Vitamin D2
B. Vitamin D3
C. Vitamin B12
D. Vitamin B6
Ans. A. Vitamin D2
Vitamin D2 is also known Ergocalciferol. It is used to treat hypoparathyroidism and rickets. Ergocalciferol is obtained
from plant source or dietary supplements derived from irradiated fungi.
266) Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched? (60-62nd BPSC exam)
A. Retinol-Xerophthalmia
B. Tocopherol-Beri Beri
C. Cyanocobalamin-Anaemia
D. Ergocalciferol-Rickets
Ans. B. Tocopherol-Beri Beri
Vitamin E is also known as Tocopherol. Vitamin E deficiency causes mild haemolyticanaemia and nonspecific
neurologic deficits. Whereas Beriberi is caused by the deficiency of Vitamin B1 or Thiamine. Rest all pairs are correctly
matched
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
267) Insulin is a (60-62nd BPSC exam)

A. Fat
B. Vitamin
C. Carbohydrate
D. Protein
Ans. D. Protein
Insulin is a protein. It is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets. There are 51 amino acid in
an insulin molecule
268) Which of the following is antibiotic drug? (60-62nd BPSC exam)

A. Quinine
B. Sulphaguanidine
C. Chloramphenicol
D. Aspirin
E. None of the above/ more than one of the above
Ans. E. None of the above/ more than one of the above
Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic. It is useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infection. Sulphagunidine is
also an antibiotics, it is used for the treatment of Bacillary dysentery. Hence option (e) will be correct. However BPSC
had considered option (c) as correct.
269) Which of the following hormones play a role in release of milk from mammary glands? (60-62nd
BPSC exam)
A. Adrenaline
B. Thyroxine
C. Progesterone
D. Oxytocin
Ans. D. Oxytocin
 Oxytocin is a peptide hormone and neuropeptide normally produced in the hypothalamus and released by the
posterior pituitary. Present in animals since early stages of evolution, in humans it plays roles in behaviour that
include social bonding, love, reproduction, childbirth, and the period after childbirth.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
 Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone and medication which is involved in regulating visceral
functions. It appears as a white microcrystalline granule. Adrenaline is normally produced by the adrenal glands
and by a small number of neurons in the medulla oblongata.
 The thyroid gland secretes the thyroxine hormone in the bloodstream.Thyroxine hormone acts as a regulator of
the metabolic rate of the body. Its primary function is to stimulate the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins,
and fats in the cells to produce energy.It also plays a role in digestion, brain development, control of muscles, and
bone health.
 Progesterone (P4) is an endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone that has a role in human
menstruation, pregnancy, and embryogenesis. It belongs to the progestogen family of steroid hormones and is
the body's major progestogen.
270) The gas used in the manufacture of Vanaspati Ghee from Vanaspati oil is? (60-62nd BPSC exam)
A. Hydrogen
B. Oxygen
C. Nitrogen
D. Carbon dioxide
Ans. A. Hydrogen
Hydrogen (H2) gas is used in the manufacture of Vanaspati Ghee from Vegetable Oil. This process is called
'hydrogenation'. At high pressure, in the presence of nickel catalyst, hydrogen is mixed with vegetable oils which turn
them into Vegetable ghee.
271) LPG used as domestic fuel chiefly contains (60-62nd BPSC exam)
A. Methane
B. Propane
C. Ethylene
D. Butane
Ans. D. Butane
LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) used as domestic fuel chiefly composed of propane and butane, it also contain
propane. LPG is an odourless and colourless gas. Ethyl Mercaptan is the odourance added to make LPG and natural
gas smell.However BPSC had considered option (E) as correct.
272) Soap removes grease by (60-62nd BPSC exam)

A. Emulsification
B. Coagulation
C. Adsorption
D. Osmosis
Ans. A. Emulsification
 Soap removes grease by the process of emulsification. Emulsification is defined as the process of dispersing one
immiscible liquid in another immiscible liquid
 Adsorption refers to the adhesion of atoms, ions, or molecules from a gas, liquid, or dissolved solid to the surface
of a material. It is considered a surface phenomenon that creates a film of the adsorbate on the surface of the
adsorbent (a solid material, for instance).
 Coagulation happens when the positively and negatively charged particles are chemically attracted. They can
then accumulate (a process called flocculation) to form larger and heavier particles called flocs. The flocs can be
settled out or removed by filtration.
 Osmosis is a process of movement of solvents through a semi-permeable membrane from a region of lower
solute concentration to higher solute concentration.
273) Which of following vitamins is used as an antidote to anticoagulant poisons? (60-62nd BPSC exam)
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin E
D. Vitamin K
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Ans. D. Vitamin K
Vitamin K is the vitamin that is used as an antidote to anticoagulant poisons. Anticoagulant poisons, such as
rodenticides, work by inhibiting the action of vitamin K, which is essential for blood clotting.
274) In human body, Vitamin A is stored in (60-62nd BPSC exam)

A. Liver
B. Skin
C. Lung
D. Kidney
Ans. A. Liver
Most of the human body's Vitamin A is stored in the liver. Vitamin A is fat soluble Vitamin. It is also known as retinol
The liver is the largest gland in an animal or human body and the viscera of the body. In the carnivorous, omnivorous,
and herbivorous, different sizes of the liver can be observed, due to the difference of role in metabolism. The weight
as per body weight is more in young animals, as it changes with age. In the fetal stage, the liver is derived from the
endoderm epithelium on the ventral duodenum. The liver produces red and white blood cells during the fetal state.
The main function of a liver is to produce bile and metabolism of protein, fat, and carbohydrates.
275) Which of the following radio-isotopes is used in the treatment of blood cancer (Leukemia)? (60-
62nd BPSC exam)
A. Iodine-131
B. Sodium-24
C. Phosphorus-32
D. Cobalt-60
Ans. D. Cobalt-60
 Cobalt-60 is a radioactive isotope.Cobalt-60 is extensively employed as a radiation source to arrest cancer
development.The treatment of cancer by using radioactive radiation is called radiotherapy.
 Iodine-131 is used to treat some diseases of the thyroid gland. Iodine-131is widely used in imaging the thyroid
and in treating thyroid cancer and other abnormal conditions such as hyperthyroidism. It also used to diagnose
abnormal liver function, renal (kidney) blood flow and urinary tract obstruction.
 Sodium-24 is used to detect leak in industrial pipelines and in oil well studies, Study blood circulation
 Phosphorus-32 is used to cure polycythemia. It is a disease caused due to the increase of red blood cells count in
the body.
276) Iodised salt contains (60-62nd BPSC exam)

A. Free iodine
B. Calcium iodide
C. Magnesium Iodide
D. Potassium iodide
Ans. D. Potassium iodide
Iodized salt is salt that contains small amounts of sodium iodide or potassium iodide. It's normal salt that has been
sprayed with potassium iodate.
277) Which of the following is present in maximum amount in acid rain? (60-62nd BPSC exam)
A. HCl
B. HNO3
C. H2SO4
D. H2CO3
Ans. C. H2SO4
Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4) is present in maximum amount when sulfur dioxide is released into the air it reacts with water
and oxygen to form sulfuric acid, H2SO4. Sulfuric acid is a strong acid. 'Acid Rain'. H2SO4 represents about 60% of all
acid rain with HNO3 at about 25% and HCl 15%. Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction that begins when
compounds like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
278) God Particle is (60-62nd BPSC exam)

A. Neutrino
B. Higgs Boson
C. Meson
D. Positron
Ans. B. Higgs Boson
 Higgs Boson is also known as God Particle. These particles are the fundamental particles that provide mass to
other particles. It is the elementary particle that decays quickly. It is found in Higgs field.
 Neutrinos are the second most abundant particles in the Universe after photons (light particles), produced in
copious amounts in the cores of stars.
 In particle physics, a meson is a type of hadronic subatomic particle composed of an equal number of quarks and
antiquarks, usually one of each, bound together by the strong interaction.
 Positron is a subatomic particle whose mass is the same as that of an electron and numerically equal but
positively charged particle. The positron was discovered in 1932.
279) Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists (60-
62nd BPSC exam)
List I List II
A. Skin Cancer 1. Chlorofluorocarbons
B. Noise Pollution 2. Ultraviolet light
C. Global Warming 3. Decibel
D. Ozone Hole 4. Carbon dioxide
a. (A-1) (B-2) (C-3) (D-4)
b. (A-2) (B-3) (C-4) (D-1)
c. (A-2) (B-3) (C-1) (D-4)
d. (A-4) (B-3) (C-2) (D-1)
Ans. B. (A-2) (B-3) (C-4) (D-1)
Skin Cancer is associated with Ultraviolet light. Chlorofluorocarbons contribute to the Ozone Hole. Noise Pollution is
measured using Decibels.Global Warming is influenced by Carbon dioxide emissions.
280) Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists (60-
62nd BPSC exam)
List I List II
A. Aspartame 1. Synthetic Rubber
B. Freon 2. Anti-Histamine
C. Neoprene 3. Artificial Sweetener
D. Benadryl 4. Refrigerant
a. (A-1) (B-3) (C-4) (D-2)
b. (A-2) (B-4) (C-1) (D-3)
c. (A-3) (B-4) (C-1) (D-2)
d. (A-3) (B-1) (C-2) (D-4)
Ans. C. (A-3) (B-4) (C-1) (D-2)
 Aspartame is an artificial sweetener sold in the market. It consists of amino acids and provides calories like other
amino acids. Yet, it is used as a low-calorie sweetening agent in food items. Aspartame is several times sweeter
than table sugar, hence food items made with small quantities of aspartame yield fewer calories on oxidation.
 Freons are the CFC compounds of methane and ethane.Chlorofluorocarbons have many applications because of
their low toxicity and non-flammability.These are usually produced for aerosol propellants, refrigeration, and air
conditioning purposes.Dichlorodifluoromethane (CCl2F2) also known as Freon 12, is widely used as a refrigerant
in refrigerators and air conditioners.
 Neoprene is sold either as solid rubber or in latex form and is used in a wide variety of commercial applications,
such as laptop sleeves, orthopaedic braces (wrist, knee, etc.), electrical insulation, medical gloves, liquid and
sheet-applied elastomeric membranes or flashings, and automotive fan belts.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
 Antihistamines like Benadryl are used to relieve allergy symptoms, such as sneezing, itching, watery eyes, and
runny nose. They work by blocking the effects of histamine, a substance released during allergic
reactions.Benadryl can also have sedative effects, making it useful for treating mild sleep disorders or as a sleep
aid.
281) Cloves are obtained from which of the following parts of the plant? (56-59th BPSC exam)
A. Dried Leaves
B. Dried Stems
C. Dried Seeds
D. Dried Flower buds
Ans. D. Dried Flower buds
Cloves are obtained from Dried flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum.
282) Oncogenes are associated with (56-59th BPSC exam)

A. Tuberculosis
B. Hepatitis
C. Cancer
D. Typhoid
Ans. C. Cancer
A mutated (Changed) form of a type of gene called a proto-oncogene, which is involved in normal cell growth and
division. When a proto-oncogene is changed so that too many copies are made or it becomes more active than
normal, it is called an oncogene. An oncogene is a when mutated has the potential to cause cancer.
283) Which is the most reactive metal? (56-59th BPSC exam)

A. Sodium
B. Calcium
C. Iron
D. Potassium
Ans. D. Potassium
Metals from potassium to calcium are highly reactive and even react with water. While metals from magnesium to
lead can react with acids. Metals from copper to platinum are highly unreactive and don’t react with any other
substance in normal conditions. This is the reason why platinum and gold don’t get corrode easily and don’t form
oxides. While metals such as zinc, aluminium, magnesium, calcium, etc. form oxides readily. Hydrogen is a non-metal
but still, it has been included in the reactivity series as it helps in the comparison of reactivity of metals.
Salient Features of reactivity series
 Metals present at the top of the reactivity series are highly electropositive metals. The electropositive character
of metals decreases as we go down the series.
 The reducing power of metals decreases as we go down the series. Thus, potassium is the strongest reducing
agent.
 As we go down the reactivity series, the ability of metals to remove hydrogen from hydrides decreases.
 Metals present in the reactivity series above hydrogen can remove hydrogen ions from dilute HCl or Dilute
sulphuric acid.
 The metal which is more reactive than other metals can remove less reactive metal from its salt. Thus, metals
placed at the top of the reactivity series can remove the metals which are present at the bottom of the series
from their salts.
 The metals which are placed above in the series can be extracted by electrolysis. While metals from Zinc to Hg
can be extracted by simply reducing their oxides, which is an inexpensive method.
 When we move down the series the electron-donating capacity of metals decreases.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
284) Who synthesized the DNA ‘in vitro’? (56-59th BPSC exam)
A. Arthur Kornberg
B. Robert Hooke
C. Edward Jenner
D. Joseph Lister
Ans. A. Arthur Kornberg
Arthur Kornberg was an American scientist who was awarded Nobel Prize in Medicine for his discovery of
Synthesizing DNA in Vitro.
Associated Terms Inventors Associated Terms Inventors
Vitamins Hopkins Sperm Humm & Leeuwenhoek
Antigen Landsteiner Spleen-Functions Barcroft
DNA Watson & Streptomycin – Selman Waksman
Crick antibiotic
DDT Paul Muller Sulpha drugs Domagk G.
Homeopathy Samuel Three- Kingdom Ernest Haeckel
Hahnemann Classification
Polio Vaccine J. E. Salk Thyroxin Edward Calvin
TB Bacteria Robert Koch Turner’s Syndrome Turner
BCG Calmette and Cancer Robert Wellberg
Guerin
Bacteria Leeuwenhoek X-rays Roentgen
Open Heart Surgery Walton Lillehei Zymase, the first Edward Buchner
enzyme
Streptomycin Waksman ABA (Abscisic acid) Addicott
Stethoscope Rene Laennec Amoeba Roesel Von Rosenhof
Penicillin A. Fleming Animal Cloning-First Robert Briggs and Thomas King
(frogs from tadpole
cells)
RNA Watson & Antibody against Louis Pasteur
Arthur Rabies
Microbes of Malaria Charles Antitoxin against Won Berring
Laveran Diphtheria
Kidney Machine Dr. Willem Artificial Heart Michael Dibake
Kolff
Heart Transplantation Christiaan Aspirin Dresser
Barnard
Anti-pregnancy pills Pincus ATP Lohmann K
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Genetic Code Har Gobind Bacteriophage Towrt and De Herelle

Khorana
First Test tube baby Edwards & Biocatalysts Bushner
Steptoe
Blood Circulation William Harvey Biochemical Evolution Wald
Bacteria of Leprosy Henson Blood Capillaries Marcello Malpighi
Vaccination Edward Jenner Blood Circulation William Harvey
Polio Drop Albert Sabin Blood Coagulation- Moravits
Explained
Gene of Cancer Robert Blood Group (AB) De Castello and Sturli
Weinberg
Chloroform Harrison & Blood Group (O) De Castello and Sturli
Simpson
Rh factor, blood Charles Carl Land Steiner
replacement Landsteiner
Sex Hormones Eugen Stainak Blood Gropus (A, B and Stephen Hales
O)
Green Revolution Norman E. Blood Pressure- Libby W.F
Borlaug Measured
Haemophilia John C. Otto Carbon Dating Robert Hooke
Heart transplantation Christian Cell Hofmeister
Surgery Bernard
HIV Luc Cell Division Schleiden and Schwann
Montagnier
Hormones Bayliss and Cell Theory Paul Erlich
Starling
Human Gene Therapy Martin Clive Chemotherapy James Simpson
Chloromycetin (antibiotic) Burk Holder Contraceptive Pills Pincus
Chloroplast Schimper Cortisone Edward Calvin
Cholera Bacteria Robert Koch CT Scan (Computer Allan Mcleod Cormack and God
Assisted Tomography Frey Newbold Hounsfield
(CAT)
Chromatin Fleming W Cyclosis Amici G.B.
Chromatography Michael Tswett ECG Einthoven
(Electrocardiogram)
Mechanism
Chromosomes (Nuclear Anton Electron Microscope Knoll M. and Ruska E.
Filaments)-described Schneider
Colour Blindness Hornerd Endoplasmic Reticulum Porter K.R, Claude and Fullman
(Daltonism)
Compound Microscope Zacharias Evolution of man Leakey
Janssen
Five Kingdom Classification Whittaker R.H Glycolysis (EMP Embden, Meyerhof and Parnas
Flower-its reproductive Grew pathway)
parts
Foot and Mouth Disease- Loeffler F. and Glyoxysomes Breidenbach
First viral disease of animals Frosch A.
Four-Kingdom Classification Copeland Golgibodies Camillo Golgi
285) What was the fissionable material used in the bombs dropped at Nagasaki (Japan) in the year
1945? (56-59th BPSC exam)
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
C. Plutonium
D. Uranium
Ans. C. Plutonium
The fissionable material used in the bomb dropped on Nagasaki, Japan, in 1945 was Plutonium. The atomic bomb,
codenamed “Fat Man,” utilized a plutonium core as its fissile material. This plutonium-based implosion-type bomb
was one of the two nuclear weapons used during World War II, the other being the uranium-based bomb dropped on
Hiroshima.
286) The scientist who first discovered that the Earth revolve around the Sun was ? (56-59th BPSC
exam)
A. Newton
B. Dalton
C. Copernicus
D. Einstein
Ans. C. Copernicus
 Scientist Copernicus gave heliocentric astronomical model and discovered that the earth revolves around the
Sun.
 Isaac Newton :Law of Motion
 John Dalton : Atom
 Albert Einstein : Theory of General Relativity, Mass-Energy Equivalence
Indian Physicists Invention
C.V Raman Raman Effect
Jagdish Chandra Bose Crescograph
Satyendranath Bose Bose-Einstein Statistics and Bose-Einstein Condensate
Meghnad Saha Thermal Ionization Equation
Subrahmanyan Chandrashekhar Colliding gravitational waves and stellar evolution
Vaina Bappu Wilson-Bappu Effect
G. N. Ramachandran Computerized Axial Tomography, or CAT
E.C. George Sudarshan Quantum representation of coherent light
J.V. Narlikar Hoyle-Narlikar Theory
Ashoke Sen Sen conjecture
287) Cosmic Rays (56-59th BPSC exam)

A. Are charged particles
B. Are uncharged particles
C. Can be charged as well as uncharged
Ans. A. Are charged particles
Cosmic Rays
 Cosmic rays are atom fragments that rain down on the Earth from outside of the solar system. Cosmic rays are
high energy charged particles which are mainly proton and atomic nuclei.
 Though cosmic rays were discovered in 1912 but still the origins of the highest energy cosmic rays remains
unknown and a topic of much research, most scientists suspect their origins are related to supernovas (star
explosions)
 Cosmic rays travels at the speed of light and have been blamed for electronics problems in satellites and other
machinery.
288) Which of the following elements is found in all organic compounds? (56-59th BPSC exam)
A. Carbon
B. Calcium
C. Nitrogen
D. Oxygen
Ans. A. Carbon
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Carbon is found in all organic compounds. The Carbon atoms are bound to one another and to other atoms by
covalent bonds.
289) Which of the following can cause cancer as well as cure it depending upon its intensity and use?
(56-59th BPSC exam)
A. Tobacco
B. Alcohol
C. Ionized radiation
D. Ultraviolet rays
Ans. C. Ionized radiation
 Ionizing radiation can cause cancer as well as cure it depending upon its intensity and use. Ionizing radiation is
typical energy that is released by atoms that would travel in the form of electromagnetic waves like X- rays and
gamma ones or alpha, neutrons, or beta particles.
 Ultraviolet (UV) rays, primarily from sunlight and tanning beds, can cause skin damage and increase the risk of
skin cancer, including melanoma.
 Tobacco use, particularly smoking, is a known cause of various types of cancers, including lung, throat, mouth,
and more. It is not used as a treatment for cancer.
 Excessive alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of developing certain types of cancer (such as
liver, throat, and breast cancer), it is not used as a treatment for cancer.
290) The total volume of blood in a normal adult human being is (56-59th BPSC exam)
A. 5-6 litres
B. 3-4 litres
C. 8-10 litres
D. 10-12 litres
Ans. A. 5-6 litres
The amount of blood circulating within an individual depends on their size and weight, but average human adult has
nearly 5 litres of circulating blood.
Blood is the body’s fluid connective tissue, and it forms a vital part of the human circulatory system. Its main function
is to circulate nutrients, hormones, minerals and other essential components to different parts of the body. Blood
flows through a specified set of pathways called blood vessels. The organ which is involved in pumping blood to
different body parts is the heart. Blood cells, blood plasma, proteins, and other mineral components (such as
sodium, potassium and calcium) constitute human blood.
Blood is composed of:
 Plasma – the fluid part of the blood and is composed of 90% of water.
 Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets constitute the solid part of blood.
291) Typhoid and Cholera are typical examples of –(56-59th BPSC exam)
A. Infectious diseases
B. Airborne diseases
C. Waterborne diseases
D. None of these
Ans. C. Waterborne diseases
Cholera
 Cholera, a water-borne disease primarily caused by the bacteria Vibrio cholerae strains O1 and O139, poses a
significant public health challenge worldwide.Strain O1 is the predominant cause of outbreaks, with O139
occurrences being rare and mostly confined to Asia.It is an acute diarrheal illness caused by infection of the
intestine.The infection is often mild or without symptoms, but sometimes can be severe.
 Symptoms:Profuse watery diarrhoea, Vomiting, Leg cramps
 Transmission:A person may get cholera by drinking water or eating food contaminated with the cholera
bacterium.The disease can spread rapidly in areas with inadequate treatment of sewage and drinking water.
 Vaccine:Currently there are three WHO pre-qualified Oral Cholera Vaccines (OCV), Dukoral, Shanchol, and
Euvichol-Plus. All three vaccines require two doses for full protection.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Typhoid
 Typhoid fever is a life-threatening infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi. It is usually spread
through contaminated food or water.
 It is transmitted by the faecal-oral route, through ingestion of contaminated food or water.
 Once the bacteria is ingested, it multiplies and spreads into the bloodstream.
 Urbanisation and climate change have the potential to increase the global burden of typhoid.
 Symptoms: It encompasses fever, fatigue, gastrointestinal problems, headache, and occasionally a rash.
Common Infectious Diseases
The table below gives an idea about various common infectious diseases caused by different pathogens.
Infectious Diseases Pathogen
Common cold, influenza, AIDS, dengue fever Viruses
Typhoid, Cholera Bacteria
Kala-azar Leishmania (Protozoa)
Acne Staphylococci (Bacteria)
Sleeping sickness Trypanosoma (Protozoa)
Elephantiasis Worms
Air-borne diseases
Air-borne diseasesare the diseases that are transmitted through the air caused by pathogens.The pathogen may
travel as air droplets when the infected person coughs, sneezes, spits or talks.Example: Common cold,
Tuberculosis,Influenza etc.
292) Energy is stored in liver and muscles in the form of (56-59th BPSC exam)
A. Carbohydrate
B. Fat
C. Protein
D. Glycogen
Ans. D. Glycogen
Glucose is the main source of fuel for our cells. When the body does not need to use the glucose for energy, it stores
it in the liver and muscles. This stored form of glucose is made up of many connected glucose molecules and is called
glycogen.
293) Who discovered Bacteria? (56-59th BPSC exam)

A. Fleming
B. Lamble
C. Temin
D. Leeuwenhoek
Ans. D. Leeuwenhoek
Bacteria are the single-cell organisms. These are categorized into the category of the microorganism because of their
small size. They can be found inside and outside of the body. They can survive in a wide range of environments.
In 1670, bacteria were first discovered by Antony Van Leeuwenhoek. He observed many large bacteria while he was
looking into pond water with his magnifying lens. Then he used a compound microscope to study the structure of
these organisms.
294) The reason for large scale diversity among the organism is (56-59th BPSC exam)
A. Adaptation
B. Cooperation
C. Mutation
D. Polyploidy
Ans. A. Adaptation
The reason for large scale diversity among the organisms is adaption. Adaption is Behavioural change to suit natural
environment.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Polyploidy is a condition where an organism has more than two complete sets of chromosomes. Polyploidy can occur
through errors in cell division or through hybridization events.
Mutations are changes in the genetic material of an organism that can lead to variations in traits.
295) What is Vermiculture? (56-59th BPSC exam)

A. The science of raising worms.
B. The science of studying animals.
C. The science of studying fishes
D. The science of killing worms
Ans. A. The science of raising worms.
Vermiculture is a technique based on utilizing some species of earthworms to convert organic waste into
Vermicompost which is again, the product of decomposition by various worms. It is a practice of harvesting worms
that take part in decomposing organic waste and turning it into nutrient-rich fertilizer. The worms consume the
decomposing organic material and flush it out of their system, which is referred to as worm manure.
Earthworms that are commonly used in Vermiculture are, Eisenia Andrei, Eisenia fetida, and Lumbricusrubellus
horticultural in temperate climates and Pheretima Perionyx Hawanya Excavatus and EudrilusEugeniae and in the
tropical areas.
In short, Vermiculture and Vermicomposting are the cultivation of earthworms and the use of earthworms to
decompose organic wastes into nutrient-rich fertilizers.
SR.NO Branches of Biology Fathers
1. Biology Aristotle
2. Botany Theophrastus
3. Paleontology Leonardo di Vinci
4. Eugenics Francis Galton
5. Modern Botany Linnaeus
6. Immunology Edward Jenner’s
7. Genetics Gregor Mendel
8. Modern Genetics Thomas Hunt Morgan
9. Cytology Robert Hooke
10. Botanical Illustrations Krateuas
11. Plant Anatomy Nehemiah Grew
12. Zoology Aristotle
13. Taxonomy Carl Linnaeus
14. Medicine Hippocrates
15. Histology Marie François Xavier Bichat
16. Mutation Theory Hugo de Vries
17. Comparative Anatomy Georges Cuvier
18. Mycology Pier Antonio Micheli
19. Plant Physiology Stephen Hales
20. Bacteriology Louis Pasteur
21. Microbiology Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
22. Indian Mycology Edwin John Butler
23. Indian Bryology Shiv Ram Kashyap
24. Indian Ecology Ramdeo misra
25. Indian Phycology Parthasarthy Iyengar
26. Modern Embryology Karl Ernst von Baer
296) The smallest organism, capable of autonomous growth and reproduction is (56-59th BPSC exam)
A. Virus
B. Bacteria
C. Mycoplasma
D. Bacteriophage
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Ans. C. Mycoplasma
Virus and viroids are obligate parasites that cannot exhibit functions of the living organisms as growth and
reproduction. Mycoplasma is the smallest bacteria that does not possess a cell wall. The organism is living and can
perform functions like growth and reproduction through binary fission.
297) The first human heart transplant was performed in (56-59th BPSC exam)
A. America
B. England
C. South Africa
D. France
Ans. C. South Africa
On December 3, 1967, 53-year-old Louis Washkansky receives the first human heart transplant at Groote Schuur
Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa.
298) The average blood flow through kidneys per minute is (56-59th BPSC exam)
A. 1000 cc
B. 1200 cc
C. 200 cc
D. 500 cc
Ans. B. 1200 cc
Kidney
Function
 The most important function of the kidney is to filter the blood for urine formation.
 It excretes metabolic wastes like urea and uric into the urine.
 It secretes a number of hormones and enzymes such as:
o Erythropoietin: It is released in response to hypoxia
o Renin: It controls blood pressure by regulation of angiotensin and aldosterone
o Calcitriol: It helps in the absorption of calcium in the intestines
 It maintains the acid-base balance of the body by reabsorbing bicarbonate from urine and excreting hydrogen
ions and acid ions into the urine.
 It also maintains the water and salt levels of the body by working together with the pituitary gland.
Diseases related to Kidneys
Uremia: In uremia, the kidneys are damaged, and there is a buildup of urea and other toxins in the blood, which is
fatal and can cause kidney failure. Patients may experience fatigue, itching, muscle twitching, and loss of mental
concentration. The urea can be removed by the process of hemodialysis.
Renal Calculi: Commonly called kidney stones, these are deposits of salt and minerals in our body. Symptoms include
severe abdominal pain and nausea. The stones can be dissolved with medicines, or it passes with urine by improving
diet and water intake.
Glomerulonephritis: It is the inflammation of the glomerulus. Symptoms include pink urine, oedema or swelling on
the face and high blood pressure. It requires medical attention for prevention.
299) A plant bud is (56-59th BPSC exam)

A. An embryonic shoot
B. An embryonic leaf
C. An endosperm
D. A seed
Ans. A. An embryonic shoot
Buds are small outgrowth present terminally on the stem or in the axil of leaves. They are derived from meristematic
tissues and develop into leaf, shoot or flower.
300) Which of the following gases is used in cigarette lighters? (56-59th BPSC exam)
A. Butane
B. Methane
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
C. Propane
D. Radon
Ans. A. Butane
 Butane:It is typically used as fuel for cigarette lighters and portable stoves, a propellant in aerosols, a heating
fuel, a refrigerant, and in the manufacture of a wide range of products. Butane is also found in Liquefied
Petroleum Gas (LPG).
 Methane:It is used primarily as fuel to make heat and light. It is also used to manufacture organic chemicals.
Methane can be formed by the decay of natural materials and is common in landfills, marshes, septic systems
and sewers
 Propane:Its main uses include home and water heating, cooking and refrigerating food, clothes drying, and
powering farm and industrial equipment. The chemical industry also uses propane as a raw material for making
plastics and other compounds.
 Radon:Radon decays into radioactive polonium and alpha particles. This emitted radiation made radon useful
in cancer therapy. Radon was used in some hospitals to treat tumours by sealing the gas in minute tubes, and
implanting these into the tumour, treating the disease in situ.
301) The visible range of solar radiation is (53-55th BPSC exam)

A. 100-400 nm
B. 400-700 nm
C. 740-10000 nm
D. None of these
Ans. B. 400-700 nm
The visible range of Solar radiation is 380 nm to 720 nm
302) Plants which grow on saline soils are called (53-55th BPSC exam)
A. Xerophytes
B. Hydrophytes
C. Halophytes
D. Succulents
Ans. C. Halophytes
 Halophytes are plants that can tolerate and grow in saline or salty environments. They have adapted mechanisms
to deal with high salt concentrations in the soil or water, allowing them to thrive in such challenging conditions.
 Succulents are plants that have the ability to store water in their leaves, stems, or roots, allowing them to survive
in arid conditions. While they have adaptations to conserve water, they are not specifically adapted to saline
soils.
Hydrophytes vs Mesophytes vs Xerophytes
Hydrophytes Mesophytes Xerophytes
Definition
Plants that can survive in aquatic Plants that can survive in Plants that can survive in
environments are called moderate climates are called physiologically dry conditions are
hydrophytes. mesophytes. called xerophytes.
Zone
In plenty of moisture and watery Semi-arid zone Arid zone
conditions.
Adaptations Required
It requires a lot of adaptation. It requires no adaptations. It requires little adaptation.
Plant Structure
The plant structure is not well The plant is well differentiated The plant is well differentiated into
differentiated. into roots and shoots. roots and shoots.
Presence of Cuticle
They lack cuticles. They have thin cuticles. They have thick cuticles to avoid
loss of water.
Leaves
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
They have long fine dissected They have large, broad green They have fleshy leaves that are
petioles. leaves. small.
Stomata
Stomata are usually absent. They have exposed stomata on They have very less stomata that
the leaf surfaces. are sunken.
Examples
Vallisneria, hydrilla Rose, squash Cacti, agave
303) Environment is a composite state of (53-55th BPSC exam)

A. Biotic factors
B. Physiographic factors
C. Abiotic factors
D. All of these
Ans. D. All of these
Environment is the natural component in which biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors interact among
themselves and with each other. These interactions shape the habitat and ecosystem of an organism. Hence,
environment is a composite state of all biotic factors, physiographic factors and abiotic factors
304) Water is conducted in vascular plants by (53-55th BPSC exam)

A. Phloem tissue
B. Parenchyma tissue
C. Meristems
D. Xylem tissue
Ans. D. Xylem tissue
 Parenchyma Tissue: Parenchyma tissue consists of simple, undifferentiated plant cells. These cells have various
functions, including storage, photosynthesis, and support.
 Meristems: Meristems are regions of actively dividing cells in plants. They contribute to plant growth and
development by producing new cells that differentiate into various plant tissues, including vascular tissues like
xylem and phloem.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
305) Which components of plants receive stimulus for flowering? (53-55th BPSC exam)
A. Stems
B. Branches
C. Leaves
D. Roots
Ans. C. Leaves
Leaves are component of plants, which receive stimulus for flowering. Apart from light and chemical stimulus for
flowering, temperature is also important stimulus
306) Minerals are (53-55th BPSC exam)

A. Liquids
B. Inorganic solids
C. Gases
D. All of these
Ans. B. Inorganic solids
A mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic solids with a definite chemical composition and an ordered atomic
arrangement. As liquid and gases have not crystalline structure they are not considered as minerals.
307) Development of the natural systems is described as (53-55th BPSC exam)

A. Functions of systems
B. Evolution of the systems
C. Self-sustained process of the systems
Ans. C. Self-sustained process of the systems
Self - Sustained process of the systems is known as development of the natural system. In Self sustained process
organism nourishes itself rather than relying on another organism.
308) Genetics deals with (53-55th BPSC exam)

A. Mendel's laws
B. organic evolution
C. DNA structure
D. heredity and variations
Ans. D. heredity and variations
Genetics is a branch of biology in which we study about genes, genetic variation and heredity in organism.
Key Points on Mendel’s Laws
 The law of inheritance was proposed by Gregor Mendel after conducting experiments on pea plants for seven
years.
 Mendel’s laws of inheritance include law of dominance, law of segregation and law of independent assortment.
 The law of segregation states that every individual possesses two alleles and only one allele is passed on to the
offspring.
 The law of independent assortment states that the inheritance of one pair of genes is independent of inheritance
of another pair.
309) Embryo is found in (53-55th BPSC exam)

A. Flowers
B. Leaves
C. Seeds
D. Buds
Ans. C. Seeds
The embryo is found inside the seed of a plant. It is the fertilized ovule that develops into a new plant.
310) What soil particles are present in loamy soils? (53-55th BPSC exam)
A. Sand particles
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
B. Clay particles
C. Silt particles
D. All types of particles
Ans. D. All types of particles
In a loamy soils all types of particles like sand particles, clay particles and silt particles are present.
311) A single type of atom is found in – (53-55th BPSC exam)

A. Compounds of minerals
B. Mixture of minerals
C. Native elements
D. None of these
Ans. C. Native elements
Native element are those elements in nature that are un-combined with other elements. These are minerals that are
composed of atoms from a single element.
312) Soil’s water available to plants is maximum in (53-55th BPSC exam)

A. Clayey soil
B. Silty soil
C. Sandy soil
D. Loamy soil
Ans. A. Clayey soil
 Water holding capacity is highest in clayey soil due to the large surface area as well as tightly packed particles
that restrict the water from percolating. BPSC had accepted (d) as right answer.
 Water holding capacity of a soil is the amount of water that a soil can hold. It is mainly important in agriculture,
where field capacity is defined as the water holding capacity of the entire soil in the field has reached a
maximum. Water holding capacity is highest in soil with fine particles like that of silt and clay-sized particles, as
they have a larger surface area that allows the soil to hold a larger quantity of water.
 Thus, the water holding capacity for the above-mentioned soil decreases in the following order:
Clay (with maximum water holding capacity) > Silt > Loam > Sand
313) Capillaries are most effective in(53-55th BPSC exam)

A. Clayey Soil
B. Silty soil
C. Sandy Soil
D. Loamy Soil
Ans. A. Clayey Soil
Capillarity is the phenomenon by which water rises in a cylindrical column. The narrower the column the higher the
capillarity; similarly the denser the substratum present in the column the higher the capillary effect. Thus, capillarity
effect is most effective in clayey soil followed by loamy soil. BPSC had accepted (d) as right answer.
314) Photosynthesis occurs in (53-55th BPSC exam)

A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondria
C. Chloroplast
D. Peroxisome
Ans. C. Chloroplast
Photosynthesis is a process by which green plants use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and
energy in the form of sugar. The process of photosynthesis occurs in chloroplast
315) Table salt is a product of (53-55th BPSC exam)

A. Strong acid and strong base.
B. Weak acid and weak base.
C. Weak acid and strong base
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
D. Strong acid and weak base

Ans. A. Strong acid and strong base.
Table salt, which is sodium chloride (NaCl), is a product of a strong acid and a strong base. When hydrochloric acid
(HCl), a strong acid, reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), a strong base, sodium chloride is formed along with water
(H2O).
Type Acid Base Salt
Weak acid and weak base Acetic acid Ammonia Ammonium acetate
Weak acid and strong Carbonic acid Sodium hydroxide Sodium carbonate
base
Strong acid and weak Hydrochloric acid Ammonia Ammonium chloride
base
316) Sexual reproduction causes genetic variation because of (53-55th BPSC exam)
A. Blending of genes
B. Chromosomal changes
C. Shuffling of genes
D. All of these
Ans. D. All of these
Sexual reproduction causes genetic variation through a combination of processes, including blending of genes,
chromosomal changes, and shuffling of genes.
317) Which of the following Human organs is affected by the consumption of Aflatoxin in food
adulterants? (48-52nd BPSC exam)
A. Heart
B. Lungs
C. Kidney
D. Liver
Ans. D. Liver
Aflatoxin food poisoning in humans commonly affects the liver.
318) Who was the inventor of Radar? (48-52nd BPSC exam)

A. Robert Watson
B. Fleming
C. Bush Wall
D. Austin
Ans. A. Robert Watson
The inventor of radar is Sir Robert Watson. Radar stands for “Radio Detection and Ranging.” It is a technology that
uses radio waves to detect, locate, and measure the distance and velocity of objects in its vicinity.
319) Which of the following instruments measures blood pressure? (48-52nd BPSC exam)
A. Spherometer
B. Anemometer
C. Ammeter
D. Sphygmomanometer
Ans. D. Sphygmomanometer
A Sphygmomanometer is an instrument that is used to measures arterial blood pressure. It also consists of a mercury
or aneroid manometer to measure the pressure. It is also known as blood pressure gauge, blood pressure monitor
and blood pressure meter.
320) Which of the following vitamins contain Cobalt? (48-52nd BPSC exam)
A. Vitamin B6
B. Vitamin B2
C. Vitamin B1
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
D. Vitamin B12
Ans. D. Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 is chemically named as Cyanocobalamine which contains Cobalt. It is also an essential trace element for
humans. It is found at the centre of Vitamin B12 and a range of other co-enzymes called Cobalamines
321) People get skin burns in a swimming pool due to (47th BPSC Exam)
A. infrared ray
B. chlorine
C. heat
D. ultraviolet ray
Ans. B. chlorine
Skin burn in Swimming pool is caused due to presence of Chlorine in water.
Chlorine is a chemical widely used in personal and public swimming pools. Chlorine is added to the water to kill
germs. When it is added to swimming pool, it forms a weak acid called hypochlorous acid that kills bacteria like
Salmonella and E Coli, as well as germs that cause viruses such as diarrhoea& swimmer's ear.
322) When electrical energy is converted into motion (47th BPSC Exam)
A. there is no heat loss
B. heat loss is 50%
C. heat loss is 30%
D. heat loss is 80%
Ans. A. there is no heat loss
As per principle of Conservation of Energy "energy can neither be created nor be destroyed, but only be transferred
from one form to another. Hence when electrical energy is converted into motion then there is no loss of heat.
Dynamo converts mechanical energy into electrical energy
323) Fermentation of sugar leads to (47th BPSC Exam)

A. Ethyl alcohol
B. Methyl alcohol
C. Acetic acid
D. Chlorophyll
Ans. A. Ethyl alcohol
Fermentation is an anaerobic process in which energy can be released from glucose even if Oxygen is not available.
Fermentation of Sugar (glucose) leads to Ethyl alcohol (ethanol). Ethanol Fermentation converts glucose (sugar) into
cellular energy, Producing ethanol and carbondioxide as a by - product.
324) Myoglobin contains the metal (47th BPSC Exam)

A. Copper
B. Silver
C. Gold
D. Iron
Ans. D. Iron
Myoglobin is an iron-containing protein with a molecular mass of 18 kDa. It resembles hemoglobin but binds one
rather than four molecules of oxygen. Its binding characteristics are such that it takes up oxygen from hemoglobin in
the blood and releases it for use into the mitochondria where oxidative reactions occur.
325) Aspirin is obtained from(47th BPSC Exam)

A. petroleum
B. earth
C. tree
D. chemical reaction of acids
Ans. D. chemical reaction of acids
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Aspirin is one of the group of drugs called non-steroidal anti-inflammatory. It is used to reduce pain and high
temperature. Aspirin is prepared by chemical synthesis from salicylic acid through acetylation with acetic anhydride
326) For wheat cultivation which fertilizer is used? (47th BPSC Exam)
A. Nitrogen
B. Potassium
C. Copper
D. Iron
Ans. A. Nitrogen
Nitrogen fertilizer is used for wheat cultivation. Granular Urea and Urea ammonium nitrate solution are the two most
common nitrogen fertilizer used for wheat cultivation. Nitrogen is one of the Primary nutrients for plant growth.
327) Which metal can be used for producing electricity? (47th BPSC Exam)
A. Uranium
B. Iron
C. Copper
D. Aluminium
Ans. A. Uranium
Nuclear energy is generated by the splitting of Uranium atoms, this process is called fission. This generates heat to
produce steam, which is used by a turbine generator to produce electricity.
328) The time-period of a pendulum (47th BPSC Exam)

A. Depends on the mass
B. Depends on its length
C. Depends on time
D. Depends on temperature
Ans. B. Depends on its length
Pendulum is based on the principle that when it is moved or displaced sideways from its resting equilibrium position,
it is subjected to a restoring force due to gravity. Due to this force the pendulum is accelerated back towards its
equilibrium position.
Time period of a pendulum is defined as the time taken by the pendulum to make a complete oscillation. Time period
of a pendulum is given by,
T=2π
Where,T is the time period, l is the length of the string, g is the acceleration due to gravity
From the above equation, it is evident that the time period of the pendulum is dependent on the length of the string
and acceleration due to gravity.
Thus, the period of the pendulum depends upon length.
329) Brass is made from (47th BPSC Exam)

A. Copper and Nickel
B. Nickel and Zinc
C. Magnesium and Zinc
D. Copper and Zinc
Ans. D. Copper and Zinc
Brass is an alloy of Copper and Zinc. The composition of Brass, generally is 66% Copper and 34% Zinc. Bronze is an
alloy of 88% Copper and 12% Tin.
330) Light is made of seven colours. What is the method of separating the colours? (47th BPSC Exam)
A. The colours can be separated by a prism
B. The colours can be separated by a filter
C. The colours can be separated by plants
D. The colours cannot be separated
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Ans. A. The colours can be separated by a prism

A prism separates white light into a group of seven colors called a spectrum. These seven colors are always in the
same order. The colors of the spectrum are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet
331) Cooling is done by (47th BPSC Exam)

A. Flow of water
B. Release of compressed gas
C. Cooking gas
D. Melting the solid
Ans. B. Release of compressed gas
A room can be cooled by release of compressed gas. Most of the air conditioners use compressed gas, which can cool
the room or other closed places. Compressed gas is released by absorbing surroundings heat or temperature. Hence
causes cooling.
332) Most commonly used safety fuse wire is made of (46th BPSC Exam)
A. Tin
B. Lead
C. Nicked
D. An alloy of tin and lead
Ans. D. An alloy of tin and lead
A fuse in an electrical safety device that operates to provide over current protection of an electrical circuit. It is used
in a series of equipment as a safety device. The material used for making a fuse wire is become an alloy of lead and
tin which has very low melting point.
333) A rock is through from the surface of the Moon to Earth. Then, (46th BPSC Exam)
A. Its mass will change
B. Its weight will change but not mass
C. Both mass and its weight will change
D. Neither mass nor weight would change
Ans. B. Its weight will change but not mass
The weight of an object is defined as the force of gravity on the object. i.e. w = mg.
Where
m = mass of the object
g = acceleration due to gravity
If a rock is brought from the surface of the moon to the earth, its weight will change but mass remains unchanged
because mass of a body is always constant.
334) Sweetest among all sugars is (46th BPSC Exam)

A. Fructose
B. Glucose
C. Sucrose
D. Lactose
Ans. A. Fructose
Fructose is the sweetest naturally occurring sugar, estimated to be twice as sucrose. Fructose is also derived from the
digestion of sucrose, a disaccharide consisting of glucose and fructose that is broken down to glycoside hydrolyses
enzymes during digestion. Hence, fructose is the sweetest of all carbohydrates that do occur naturally.
335) You are standing in a lift. The force on the floor of the lift due to your weight will (46th BPSC Exam)
A. Become zero when the lift moves up with an acceleration of 9.8 ms–2
B. Become zero when the lift moves down with an acceleration of 9.8 ms–2
C. Become zero when the lift moves with an acceleration of 9.8 ms–2 in any direction
D. Remain unchanged whatever the rate of acceleration of the lift be
Ans. B. Become zero when the lift moves down with an acceleration of 9.8 ms –2
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
336) The metal ion present in chlorophyll is (46th BPSC Exam)

A. Iron
B. Magnesium
C. Zinc
D. Cobalt
Ans. B. Magnesium
Chlorophyll plays an important role in the process of Photosynthesis. Since it allows the plants to absorb energy from
the sunlight. The element, Magnesium is an essential component of the green pigment present in the plants called
Chlorophyll.
337) Which of the following is not a vestigial organ in man? (46th BPSC Exam)
A. Nictitating membrane
B. Auricular muscles of Pinna
C. Incisors
D. Vermiform appendix
Ans. C. Incisors
Vestigial organs are those organs which are no longer in use but are still present in our body. A few example of Vestal
organs in human are outer rim of the ear, the Vermiform appendix wisdom tooth and Nictitating Membrane. Incisors
in not a vestigial organ in human body
338) What is dry ice? (46th BPSC Exam)

A. Solid ice
B. Solid carbon dioxide
C. Solid ammonia
D. Solid sulphur dioxide
Ans. B. Solid carbon dioxide
Dry ice is just cooled and condensed carbon dioxide. It sublimates directly into carbon dioxide gas when it reaches
room temperature and pressure and expands. Dry ice is manufactured by compressing and cooling gaseous CO2
under high pressure to initially produce liquid CO2 and pumping it into a storage tank, where it freezes at -109°F and
is compacted into solid ice
339) Evolution proceeds on account of (46th BPSC Exam)

A. Fossils
B. Struggle for existence
C. Adaptation through generations
D. Inheritance
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Ans. C. Adaptation through generations

The reason for Evolution is – orderly changes the process of origin of new organism, species, classes etc. From
ancient organism through which as a result more complex organism are born from simpler organism or it results out
by the adoption through generations, and inheritance – transmission of traits from parents to offspring or new
generation body.
340) In the process of electroplating a utensil with zinc (46th BPSC Exam)
A. The utensil is made the cathode
B. Pure zinc is made the anode
C. The utensil is made the cathode and pure zinc is made the anode
D. The utensils made the anode and pure zinc is made the cathode
Ans. C. The utensil is made the cathode and pure zinc is made the anode
In the process of electroplating a utensil with zinc, the utensil is made as cathode charge and pure zinc is made as the
anode charge so that the zinc layer can be easily electroplated on the utensil. Thus zinc serves as a sacrificial anode
so that it catholically protects exposed still.
341) The noble gas not present in the air is (46th BPSC Exam)
A. Helium
B. Neon
C. Argon
D. Radon
Ans. D. Radon
Radon is the only radioactive out of all noble gases. Radon it is not present in the atmosphere. Radon is usually
isolated from the radioactive decay of the dissolved radium, thorium or uranium compounds
342) A metal when left exposed to air for sometimes, gets coated with green basic carbonate. The
metal is (46th BPSC Exam)
A. Copper
B. Silver
C. Nickel
D. Zinc
Ans. A. Copper
When copper is exposed to atmosphere, a green coating of basic copper carbonate gets deposited over its surface.
This is called corrosion of copper the Reaction is a as follows : -
2Cu+ CO2 +H2O+O2 → CuCO3Cu(OH)2
copper from a rich variety of compounds with oxidation states +1 and +2 which are often called cuprous and cupric
respectively.
343) The gas used for artificial ripening of fruits is (46th BPSC Exam)
A. Ammonia
B. Acetylene
C. Carbon monoxide
D. Ethylene
Ans. D. Ethylene
Among all the hormones, ethylene is responsible for the faster ripening of the fruit because it helps in increasing the
rate of respiration, change in colour, odour and taste.Here, ethylene is produced naturally by the plants but for the
artificial ripening of fruit, we use acetylene gas.
344) The explosive nitro-glycerine is (46th BPSC Exam)

A. A salt
B. A nitro hydrocarbon
C. A complex hydrocarbon
D. An ester
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Ans. D. An ester
Nitro-glycerine is an ester. Esters are chemical compounds that are derived from acids (organic or inorganic).
Trinitroglycerin is a colourless oily liquid. It is used to make dynamite. It is prepared by reacting concentrated
sulphuric acid and concentrated nitric acid with glycerine
345) While tinning of brass utensils the ammonium chloride powder used to clean the hot utensil,
produces fumes of (46th BPSC Exam)
A. Ammonia
B. Carbon monoxide
C. Hydrochloric acid
D. Ammonia and hydrochloric acid
Ans. D. Ammonia and hydrochloric acid
While tinning of brass utensils the ammonium chloride powder used to clean the hot utensil, produces fumes of
ammonia and hydrochloric acid
346) The end product of alcoholic fermentation is (46th BPSC Exam)

A. Pyretic acid
B. Acetaldehyde
C. Ethyl alcohol
D. Formic acid
Ans. C. Ethyl alcohol
Fermentation is anaerobic respiration and occurs in the absence of oxygen. During alcoholic fermentation, pyruvic
acid (the end product of glycolysis) is first converted into acetaldehyde by pyruvate decarboxylase and CO2 is
released. Acetaldehyde is further reduced to alcohol by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenate. Therefore the end
products of alcoholic fermentation are carbon dioxide and ethanol (CO2 and C2H5OH), Ethanol is also known as ethyl
alcohol.
347) Hydrofluoric acid is not kept in glass bottles because it reacts with (46th BPSC Exam)
A. Visible light
B. Sodium oxide of glass
C. Aluminium oxide of glass
D. Silicon dioxide of glass
Ans. D. Silicon dioxide of glass
Hydrofluoric acid is normally handled in metal apparatus made of copper and is always stored in plastic bottles.
Therefore, hydrofluoric acid (HF) cannot be stored in the glasses because they corrode the silicates of glass and
dissolve in the hydrofluoric acid
348) Who invented aeroplane? (45th BPSC Exam)

A. Wright Brothers
B. James Watt
C. Humphrey Davy
D. Von Brown
Ans. A. Wright Brothers
Wright Brothers invented aeroplane. On 17th December, 1903, the Wright brothers made first successful flight in
history
349) How many pairs of nerves arise from the spinal cord? (45th BPSC Exam)
A. 13
B. 31
C. 33
D. 12
Ans. B. 31
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
The nerves arising directly from the spinal cord are called the spinal nerves. There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves in
humans: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal.
350) Where is the governing centre of reflex action located? (45th BPSC Exam)
A. In cerebrum
B. In cerebellum
C. In spinal cord
D. In nerve cells
Ans. C. In spinal cord
Governing centre of reflex action is located in spinal cord.
351) An element X has four element in its outermost orbit. What will be the formula of its compounds
with hydrogen? (45th BPSC Exam)
A. X4H
B. X4H4
C. XH3
D. XH4
Ans. D. XH4
An element X having four elements in its outer most orbit means the element X has its four valency to add four
atoms of other element having the valency one. It may be CH4(XH4).
352) What is the shape of sulphur hexafluoride molecule? (45th BPSC Exam)
A. Trigonal pyramid
B. Octahedral
C. Planar
D. Tetrahedral
Ans. B. Octahedral
Sulfur hexafluoride molecule or SF6 is an inorganic, greenhouse gas. It is non-flammable, odorless, and colourless,
and is an excellent insulator. SF6 molecule has an octahedral shape. The central atom bonds with six fluorine atoms
and make 8 faces thus the shape of SF6 is octahedral.
353) Which scientist discovered telescope? (45th BPSC Exam)

A. Newton
B. James Watt
C. Rutherford
D. Galileo
Ans. D. Galileo
It is not clear who invented telescope however first person to apply for a patent on telescope was Hans Lippershey in
the Netherlands in 1608. After learning the new device, the great Italian scientist Galileo Galilei designed and built
his own telescope
List of Inventions & Discoveries
Invention/Discovery Name of the Inventor Year of Invention
Automatic Calculator Wilhelm Schickard 1623
Air Conditioner Willis Carrier 1902
Anemometer Leon Battista Alberti 1450
Animation J. Stuart Blackton —
Atom Bomb Julius Robert Oppenheimer 1945
Aspirin Dr. Felix Hoffman 1899
Airplane Wilber and Orville Wright 1903
Adhesive tape Richard G. Drew 1923
Bifocal Lens Benjamin Franklin 1779
Barometer Evangelista Torricelli 1643
Barbed Wire Joseph F. Glidden 1873
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Blood Group Karl Lansdsteiner 1900s

Ball Point Pen John Loud —
Bicycle Tyres John Boyd Dunlop 1888
Pedal Driven Bicycle Kirkpatrick Macmillan 1839
Celluloid Alexander Parkes 1861
Chloroform Sir James Young Simpson —
Cine Camera Wm. Friese-Greene 1889
Circulation of blood William Harvey 1628
Clock Mechanical Hsing and Ling-Tsan 1725
Diesel Engine Rudolf Diesel 1892
Centigrade Scale Anders Celsius 1742
Chlorine Carl Wilhelm Scheele 1774
Dynamite Alfred B. Nobel 1867
Diesel Engine Rudolf Diesel 1895
Electric stove/cooker William S. Hadaway 1896
Electroscope William Gilbert 1600s
Electric Fan Schuyler Wheeler 1882
Electric Battery Volta 1800
Elevator Elisha G. Otis 1852
Electric Motor (DC) Thomas Davenport 1873
Electromagnet William Sturgeon 1824
Fountain Pen Petrache Poenaru 1827
Fluorine André-Marie Ampère 1810
Gramophone Thomas Edison 1878
Hydrogen Henry Cavendish 1766
Helicopter Igor Sikorsky 1939
Hovercraft Christopher Cockerell 1959
Hot Air Balloon Josef & Etienne Montgolfier 1783
Helium Jules Janssen 1868
Insulin Sir Frederick Banting 1923
Jet Engine Hans Von Ohain 1936
Lightning Conductor Benjamin Franklin 1752
Locomotive George Stephenson 1804
Laser Theodore Maiman 1960
Light Bulb Thomas Edison 1854
Motorcycle Gottlieb Daimler 1885
Microscope Zacharis Janssen 1590
Microphone Alexander Graham Bell 1876
Machine Gun Richard Gatling 1861
Neon Lamp Georges Claude 1915
Oxygen Joseph Priestley 1774
Ozone Christian Schonbein 1839
Piano Bartolomeo Cristofori 1700
Printing Press Johannes Gutenberg 1440
Parachute Louis-Sebastien Lenormand 1783
Polio Vaccine Jonas Edward Salk –
Periodic Table Dmitri Mendeleev 1869
Penicillin Alexander Fleming 1928
Pacemaker Rune Elmqvist 1952
Petrol for Motor Car Karl Benz 1885
Refrigerator William Cullen 1748
Radium Marie & Pierre Curie 1898
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Rubber (vulcanized) Charles Goodyear 1841

Rocket Engine Robert H. Goddard 1926
Radio Guglielmo Marconi 1894
Richter Scale Charles Richter 1935
Ship (Turbine) Charles Parsons 1894
Steam Ship Robert Fulton 1807
Steam Boat Robert Fulton 1786
Submarine Cornelis Drebbel 1620
Stethoscope Rene Laennec 1816
Saxophone Adolphe Sax 1846
Sewing Machine Elias Howe 1846
Steam-Powered Airship Henri Giffard 1852
Soft Contact lenses Otto Wichterle 1961
Synthesizer Dr. Robert Arthur Moog 1964
Thermometer Galileo 1593
Theory of Evolution Charles Darwin 1858
Typewriter Christopher Latham Sholes —
Transistors John Bardeen, William Shockley & 1948
Walter Brattain
Telephone Graham Bell 1874
Valve. Radio Sir J.A Fleming 1904
Vacuum Cleaner Hubert Cecil Booth 1901
Vitamin A Frederick Gowland Hpokins 1912
Vitamin B Christiaan Eijkman 1897
Vitamin C Albert Szent-Gyorgi –
Vitamin K Henrik Dam 1929
Vitamin E Herbert McLean Evans & Katherine
Scott Bishop
Windshield wipers Mary Anderson 1903
World Wide Web Tim Berners Lee with Robert Cailliau 1989
X-ray Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen 1895
Xerox Machine Chester Carlson 1928
354) Which of the following is the electronic configuration of a metallic element? (45th BPSC Exam)
A. 2,8
B. 2,8,7
C. 2,8,8
D. 2,8,8,2
Ans. D. 2,8,8,2
The electronic configuration of an element is a symbolic notation of the manner in which the electrons of its atoms
are distributed over different atomic orbitals. While writing electron configurations, a standardized notation is
followed in which the energy level and the type of orbital are written first, followed by the number of electrons
present in the orbital written in superscript. For example, the electronic configuration of carbon (atomic number: 6)
is 1s22s22p2.
The three rules that dictate the manner in which electrons are filled in atomic orbitals are:
 The Aufbau principle: electrons must completely fill the atomic orbitals of a given energy level before occupying
an orbital associated with a higher energy level. Electrons occupy orbitals in the increasing order of orbital
energy level.
 Pauli’s exclusion principle: states that no two electrons can have equal values for all four quantum numbers.
Consequently, each subshell of an orbital can accommodate a maximum of 2 electrons and both these electrons
MUST have opposite spins.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
 Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity: All the subshells in an orbital must be singly occupied before any subshell
is doubly occupied. Furthermore, the spin of all the electrons in the singly occupied subshells must be the same
(in order to maximize the overall spin).
355) What is the usual property of oxides of Group III and IV? (45th BPSC Exam)
A. Basic and Acidic (i.e., Amphoteric)
B. Basic
C. Acidic
D. Neutral
Ans. A. Basic and Acidic
The usual characteristics of oxides of Group III and IV of the periodic table is that they are Amphoteric i.e. they can
able to react both as base and acid.
356) The vitamin which is found in citrus fruits and is necessary for maintaining healthy skin is (44th
BPSC Exam)
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin D
Ans. C. Vitamin C
Vitamin C is found in citrus fruits. It plays an important role in maintaining skin health. Vitamin C is also known as
Ascorbic Acid. It is water soluble, lack of vitamin C is caused Scurvy.
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
357) Which of the following metals is used as filament in lighting bulbs? (44th BPSC Exam)
A. Iron
B. Molybdenum
C. Silver
D. Tungsten
Ans. D. Tungsten
 Tungsten metal is used as filament materials in lighting bulb because it has a very high melting point. Due to this
high melting point, the tungsten filament can be kept white hot without melting away. Tungsten has very high
resistivity so it does not burn easily at room temperature.
 Most molybdenum is used to make alloys. It is used in steel alloys to increase strength, hardness, electrical
conductivity and resistance to corrosion and wear. These 'moly steel' alloys are used in parts of engines. Other
alloys are used in heating elements, drills and saw blades.
 Silver holds an excellent electrical conductivity, making it the number one choice for electronics or anything
electrical such as printed circuit boards, switches, TV screens, telephones, microwave ovens, children's toys and
computer keyboards.
 Iron is used to make alloy steels like carbon steels with additives such as nickel, chromium, vanadium, tungsten,
and manganese. These are used to make bridges, electricity pylons, bicycle chains, cutting tools and rifle barrels.
Cast iron contains 3–5% carbon. It is used for pipes, valves, and pumps.
358) Turbines and dynamos are used to convert which energy to electrical energy? (44th BPSC Exam)
A. Chemical energy
B. Solar energy
C. Mechanical
D. Magnetic energy
Ans. C. Mechanical
RADHIKA KUMARI
BPSC PYQ’S
Turbines and Dynamos are used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. A wind turbine transforms the
mechanical energy of wind into electrical energy. Dynamo is an electrical generator that create direct current using a
commutator. It uses rotating coils of wire and magnetic fields to convert mechanical rotations into a pulsing direct
electric current
359) Which of the following carries a negative charge? (45th BPSC Exam)
A. X-rays
B. Alpha particles
C. Beta particles
D. Gamma rays
Ans. C. Beta particles
Beta particles (β) are high energy, high speed electrons (e– ) or positrons (βT ) ejected from the nucleus during
radioactive decay. However, X ray, and Gamma rays are neutral and alpha particles carry positive charge
360) Which one of the following metals is liquid at room temperature? (44th BPSC Exam)
A. Lead
B. Mercury
C. Nickel
D. Tin
Ans. B. Mercury
 Mercury is the only metal which is liquid at room temperature. Rest all the given metals are in solid form at room
temperature.
 Lead is still widely used for car batteries, pigments, ammunition, cable sheathing, weights for lifting, weight belts
for diving, lead crystal glass, radiation protection and in some solders. It is often used to store corrosive liquids.
 Nickel steel is used for armour plating. Other alloys of nickel are used in boat propeller shafts and turbine blades.
Nickel is used in batteries, including rechargeable nickel-cadmium batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries
used in hybrid vehicles. Nickel has a long history of being used in coins.
 Tin is widely used for plating steel cans used as food containers, in metals used for bearings, and in solder. The
origins of tin are lost in antiquity. Bronzes, which are copper–tin alloys, were used by humans in prehistory long
before pure tin metal itself was isolated.

BPSC PYQ Science English Pram IAS.

Uploaded by

Document Informationclick to expand document information

Document Informationclick to expand document information

Copyright:

Available Formats

BPSC PYQ Science English Pram IAS.

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

BPSC PYQ Science English Pram IAS.

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Telegram Channel Visit Our Website

2) Which of the following pairs are correctly matched? (69th BPSC)

3) In the universe, what are pulsars? (69th BPSC)

5) What is the ‘fibre’ used to make bulletproof jackets? (69th BPSC)

6) What is/are the full form(s) of HMX? (69th BPSC)

8) What is the ‘Manhattan Project’? (69th BPSC)

10) A photoelectric cell is a device which (69th BPSC)

12) How do COVID vaccines stimulate an immune response?(69th BPSC)

16) How do vector vaccines work to provide immunity? (69th BPSC)

18) An AC current can be produced by (69th BPSC)

19) Current density is (69th BPSC)

22) Input and output nerves meet at (69th BPSC)

24) Shrillness of sound is determined by(68th BPSC)

 They consist of small metal balls housed within a ring or raceway.

29) Centripetal force is responsible to (68th BPSC)

33) Detect the odd one(68th BPSC)

D. More than one of the above

38) Which acid is described as HOOCCOOH? (68th BPSC)

39) The odour of acetic acid resembles that of (68th BPSC)

 They react with certain metals and liberate hydrogen gas.

44) Chlorophyll absorbs _____ wavelengths of the sunlight. (68th BPSC)

45) Which of the following is not a correct match? (68th BPSC)

D. More than one of the above

54) The paramagnetic theory of magnetism applies to (67th BPSC Re-exam)

55) The nucleus of an atom consists of (67th BPSC Re-exam)

Answer: B. Protons and Neutrons

35) Consider the following statements

Plaster of Paris Calcium Sulphate CaSO4.1/2H2O Plaster of Paris is mainly used as a

64) Consider the following statements with respect to noble metals

65) Fungi are plants that lack (67th BPSC Re-exam)

66) Pollination is best defined as (67th BPSC Re-exam)

72) Most of the enzymes are (67th BPSC Re-exam)

74) The working principle of a washing machine is (67th BPSC Re-exam)

92) Pituitary gland is located in (67th BPSC Cancelled exam)

Communication systems like satellite communication and radar technology.

95) Pneumonia is an infection of (67th BPSC Cancelled exam)

B. Water starts boiling at high temperatures due to high pressure.

Saccharimeter It measures the amount of sugar in the solution.

106) The mass number of a nucleus is (67th BPSC Cancelled exam)

108) Isotopes of an element differ in(67th BPSC Cancelled exam)

 Isobar:A series of elements with 40 mass numbers serves as a good example of an

Ans: B. Basic Solution

113) An example of longitudinal wave is (66th BPSC Re-exam)

Chart of Electromagnetic Waves

114) Dispersion of light is possible by (66th BPSC Re-exam)

116) The power of lens is measured in (66th BPSC Re-exam)

119) Light year is a unit of (66th BPSC Re-exam)

120) Which particle is free of charge? (66th BPSC Re-exam)

121) Ohm-meter is unit of (66th BPSC Re-exam)

122) The chemical formula of sapphire (Ruby) is (66th BPSC Re-exam)

123) The quality of petrol is expressed by (66th BPSC Re-exam)

125) An example of antibiotic medicine is (66th BPSC Re-exam)

126) The major component of CNG is (66th BPSC Re-exam)

129) The pH value of water is (66th BPSC Re-exam)

131) Natural rubber is a polymer of(66th BPSC Re-exam)

134) Water in plants is transported by (66th BPSC Re-exam)

135) During photosynthesis, green plants absorb (66th BPSC Re-exam)

136) Oxygen is absent in _____. (66th BPSC Re-exam)