Logarithms

log number o ve

Base 0 ve 1

log 1 0

log a Default base is 10

logen when base is e ie Euler's no

it can be written as Inse

logen Ink Also called as natural log

Properties of logs:

log a log b log ab

log an convertigmen 9 into
a 23 log 2 1
loga log b log g
3 0
log m nlog m 1096 a
Change the Base
log aa 1 log110 1

Ine 1 logba at
19g
Foreg

log log24 Also 1098

ga b
log 32 blog228
logba switching the
baserule
510g22 5 1 151
Foreg

log48 109223
g logic
3
 a
a similarly
y y te
proof
y 192 Taking In on Both sides
m
Taking loga on Both sides Iny
Ing Inn Ing
logy 10gal
i My In
i
logy logan logaa x
y
1g logan 1 oct
1th
i n
y
altar a

210925
5

31093
22
01

02

03

Qu

ds
06

07

i i
 [MAA 2.9] LOGARITHMS

7. [Maximum mark: 4] [without GDC]

The diagram shows three graphs.
B
y
A

A is part of the graph of y  x , B of the graph of y  2 x ,

C is the reflection of graph B in line A . Write down:
(a) the equation of C in the form y  f ( x) . [2]

(b) the coordinates of the point where C cuts the x -axis. [2]

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

8. [Maximum mark: 4] [without GDC]

The diagram shows three graphs.
B
y
A

A is part of the graph of y  x , B of the graph of y  e x ,

C is the reflection of graph B in line A . Write down:

(a) the equation of C in the form y  f ( x) . [2]

(b) the coordinates of the point where C cuts the x -axis. [2]

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

Page 3
 [MAA 2.9] LOGARITHMS

9. [Maximum mark: 28] [without GDC]

Let log x  a , log y  b and log z  c . Express the following in terms of a, b, c .

log xy

x
log
y

log x 3

log xyz

log x 2 y

log x

xy
log
z

log(10 x )

log(100 x )

y
log
10

y
log
100

xy
log
10 z

1
log
z

x2 y7
log
z

Page 4
 [MAA 2.9] LOGARITHMS

10. [Maximum mark: 28]

Let ln x  a , ln y  b and ln z  c . Express the following in terms of a , b, c .

ln xy

x
ln
y

ln x 3

ln xyz

ln x 2 y

ln x

xy
ln
z

ln(ex)

ln(e 2 x)

y
ln
e

y
ln
e2

xy
ln
ez

1
ln
z

x2 y7
ln
z

Page 5
 [MAA 2.9] LOGARITHMS

11. [Maximum mark: 26] [without GDC]

Let log 5 x  a , log 5 y  b and log 5 z  c . Express the following in terms of a , b, c .

log 5 xy

x
log 5
y

log 5 x 3

log 5 x

xy
log 5
z

xy
log 5
5z

1
log 5
z

x2 y7
log 5
z

log 25 x

log x 5

log x y

log z xy

log 25 xy

Page 6
 [MAA 2.9] LOGARITHMS

LOGARITHMIC EQUATIONS

12. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

Solve the following equations

log 3 ( x  1)  2

log( x  1)  2

ln( x  1)  2

13. [Maximum mark: 12] [without GDC]

Solve the equations

log 7 ( x  5)  0

log 7 ( x  5)  1

log( x  5)  0

log( x  5)  1

ln( x  5)  0

ln( x  5)  1

14. [Maximum mark: 12] [without GDC]

Solve the equations

log(2 x)  2

ln(2 x)  2

log(2 x  4)  1

ln(2 x  4)  1

log(2 x  5)  0

ln(2 x  5)  0

Page 7
 C
2 14
log log
2cg 24
6414 ax
1 log

1 2 1 7
10g
191 1091147
0
f by 4 2 21091
i
TITE 10944110912
2

IE
HITS
IE 4n
n2 7 n2 o
4

4m n 14 0
0
2 nx 1nn 1 o
AI 0
Cma 21mn I
AT 2A

A 2A I
Can
0

O EFFI HIII
IAD
i IAD
loga I
1
 log
1
46
logp log

alogp flog02 logRTT

210gQ GlogR
210gP

2X 24 62
19 log A

109 Fs
3
5
n 32 15

2N 15 1N 15I
 D
EIHT
2
10919 22 10932

GI
2
log

3 9
1
2 2 92

9 1