SQL, Resource-3
UPDATE Command
This command is used to implement modification of the data values.
UPDATE <TableName> SET <col name>=<new valus>
WHERE <col>=val;
Increase fees value by 500.
➢ UPDATE student SET fees = fees + 500;
Increase the fees value by 100 for adno 222.
➢ UPDATE student SET fees = fees+100 WHERE adno = 222;
Table: Employee
Eno Ename Esal Edesig Egender
1 aaa 10000 Clerk M
2 aaa 15000 Manager F
3 bbb 8000 null M
4 ccc 22000 Analyst M
:
50 zzz 15000 Clerk F
➢ UPDATE Employee SET Esal=Esal+Esal*0.05 WHERE Edesig=’Clerk’;
DELETE Command
This command is used to remove information from a particular row or rows. Please
remember that this command will delete only row information but not the structure
of the table.
Remove adno 444 information.
➢ DELETE FROM student;
➢ DELETE FROM employee WHERE Esal<30000;
➢ DELETE FROM student WHERE stream= ‘Non=Med’;
Remove all records from a table.
➢ DELETE FROM student;
DDL commands
ALTER TABLE command
This command is used to implement modification of the structure of the table. This
is a DDL command.
Using this command, we can add a new column, remove the existing column and
modify data type of existing column.
Syntax:
ALTER TABLE <table name>
[ADD/CHANGE/MODIFY/DROP] <column name>;
For example:
1. Add one new column Totalfees with number (10, 2).
➢ ALTER TABLE student ADD Totalfees number(10,2);
2. Change Totalfees column to Total_fee.
➢ ALTER TABLE student CHANGE Totalfees Total_fee number(12,2);
3. Change Totalfees datatype as number(12,2).
➢ ALTER TABLE student MODIFY Total_fee integer;
4. Remove Totalfees column.
➢ ALTER TABLE student DROP Total_fee;
DROP TABLE Command
This command is used to remove the entire structure of the table and information.
This is also from the DDL command.
Syntax:
DROP TABLE<table name>;
For example:
Remove the whole structure of student table.
➢ DROP TABLE student;
Equi Join
Equi Joins are used to give information in different tables. It is a special type of join
in which we use only equality operator.
For example
➢ SELECT * FROM product, customer
WHERE product.product_no = customer. procuct_no;
(or)
➢ SELECT * FROM product p, customer c
WHERE p.product_no=c.procuct_no;
SQL Non-equi joins
The non-equi join is a type of join in which, we use only relational operators except
equal operator. These include >, <, >=, >= and !=.
For example
➢ SELECT * FROM product,customer
WHERE product.product_no!=customer.procuct_no;
LET'S REVISE
CREATE TABLE: Used to create structure of the table.
ALTER TABLE: Used to implement structure modification.
DROP TABLE: To remove full structure.
INSERT INTO: To add row values.
SELECT: To display row or column information.
DISTINCT: To select different information.
MAX(): To select maximum value of a particular column.
MIN(): To select minimum value of a particular column.
SUM(): To find total value of a particular column.
AVG(): To find average value of a particular column.
COUNT(): Number of records in the table.
