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DC Generator

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ravisirranjeevi
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20 views15 pages

DC Generator

Uploaded by

ravisirranjeevi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DC GENERATOR

Principle
• Generator is a machine that covers mechanical energy into
electrical energy
• Principle
• Whenever magnetic flux is cut by a conductor, an emf is induced which will
cause a current to flow if the conductor circuit is closed. The direction of the
induced emf(and hence current) is given by Fleming’s right hand rule
• Fleming’s Right hand rule:
• Stretch the thumb, forefinger and middle finger of right hand so that they are at
right angles to each other, then the forefinger points in the direction of
magnetic field, thumb is along the direction of motion of the conductor, and
middle finger will point in the direction of the induced emf(current).
Working

Position Generated emf Magnetic Flux cut Direction


1 0 0 -
2 low angle positive
3 Max 90 degree positive
4 low angle positive
5 0 0 -
6 low angle Negative
7 Max 90 degree Negative
8 low angle Negative
Commutator
• The alternating voltage is converted into direct voltage using
commutator
• Mechanical Rectifier
• Two segments C1 and C2
• Cylindrical metal ring cut into two halves separated by thin
sheet of mica
• Stationary Carbon brushes lead current to external load.
Action of Commutator
• Positive Cycle
• S- pole -- +ve brush
• N pole -- -ve brush
• AB- N pole
• CD –S pole
• C1-AB, C2-CD Current from Q to P

• Negative Cycle
• AB- S pole
• CD –N pole
• C1- +ve brush
• C2- -ve brush
• C1-AB, C2-CD Current from Q to P
Dc Voltage
• Alternating Voltage generated in the loop will appear as direct
voltage across brushes
• Not steady state but Pulsating direct voltage
• Large number of coils connected in series- Armature winding
Working of Dc generator
Video link
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mq2zjmS8UMI&feature=y
outu.be
Construction
• Five major Components
• Field System
• Armature Core
• Armature Winding
• Commutator
• Brushes
(i) Field System
• Number of salient poles bolted inside the circular frame(Yoke)
• Yoke – Solid cast steel
• Yoke- support for field poles, provides
return path for magnetic flux
• Pole Pieces –Stacked Laminations
• Field coils - Dc exciting current, adjacent
poles have opposite polarity
• mmf- pole pieces, air gap, armature and frame
• Air gap – 0.5 – 1.5 mm
• Function - To produce uniform magnetic field
(ii)Armature Core
• Keyed to the machine shaft and rotates between field poles
• Slotted soft iron laminations – 0.4-0.6 mm thick
• Laminations – individually coated with thin insulating flim so that
they do not come in contact with each other
• Purpose of Lamination:
• Reduce eddy current loss
• Provide mechanical security
• Provide shorter air gap for the flux to cross pole face and armature teeth
• Function of Armature:
• Rotation for mechanical generator action
• Houses conductor – for inducing emf
• Provides low reluctance path for magnetic flux
(iii)Armature Windings
• Slots – hold conductors
• Working emf
• Connected in series – increase voltage
• parallel path – increase current
• Symmetrical
• Closed loops
(iv)Commutator
• Mechanical Rectifier converts the alternating voltage in
armature winding into direct voltage across brushes
• Copper segments insulated by mica sheets and mounted on
shaft
• Armature conductors soldered to Commutator – armature
windings
• Types
• Lap winding
• Wave winding
Sparking
Burn Brushes
Overheat and carbonise commutator
(v)Brushes
• Electrical connection between the rotating Commutator and
stationary external load
• Carbon
• Pressure- adjusted by adjustable springs
• High – heating
• Weak – sparking
• 4 poles – 4 brushes
Types of Armature Winding
Wave Winding Lap Winding
Armature winding is divided into parallel path depends on number of poles
two parallel paths
Z/2 conductors in each parallel path Z/P conductors in each parallel path
Each parallel path carries Ia/2 Each parallel path carries Ia/P current
current

Emf generated = emf/parallel path Emf generated = emf/parallel path

Total Ia = 2*current/parallel path Total Ia = P*current/parallel path


Construction of Dc generator
• Video link
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d_LOXUEFA-o&feature=yo
utu.be

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