UNIVERSITY OF ZULULAND

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES

MAKE-UP TEST 2

28 SEPTEMBER 2024

COURSE AND CODE:

ELEMENTARY STATISTICS FOR COMMERCE (SSTT122/4STT122)
_____________________________________________________________
Student Number:

Signature: ______________

Seat Number: ________________ Venue: ________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________
DURATION: 2/15 HOURS
TOTAL MARKS: 50
INTERNAL EXAMINER: MR MW KUBHEKA, MR S. SIBIYA & MR W.J. DLAMINI

INSTRUCTIONS:

✓ Write your student number on the space provided.

✓ Attempt ALL questions ON THE ANSWER book.
Question 1
In a survey, people were asked how many times they donate blood each year. Suppose 𝑋
denote the number of donations a year. Below is the cumulative frequency distribution for the
random variable 𝑋.
𝑋 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
𝐹(𝑋) 0.30 0.55 0.80 0.90 0.95 0.98 1.00

If a person is selected at random, what is the probability that he/she donates blood 2 to 4
times a year.
a) 2.65
b) 0.05
c) 0.15
d) 0.40
e) 0.90

Question 2
Which of the values in option (a) to (e) makes the table below a valid probability distribution
for the random variable 𝑋?
𝑋 50 100 150 200 250 300
𝑃(𝑋 0.50 (i) (ii) 0.01 0.10 0.22
= 𝑥)

a) (i) 0.85 (ii) 0.85

b) (i) 0.17 (ii) -0.17
c) (i) 0.10 (ii) 0.07
d) (i) 0.20 (ii) 0.03
e) (i) 0.05 (ii) 0.10

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the following information:

A network server is known to fail up to 4 times in a day. The probability of it not failing in a
day is 0.12, the probability of it failing once is 0.20, the probability of it failing twice is 0.15,
the probability of it failing three times is 0.36.
Question 3
What is the expected number of times the server fails per day?
a) 2.26
b) 1.58
c) 2.39
d) 4.82
e) None of the above
Question 4
What is the probability of the network failing at least twice in a day?
a) 0.53
b) 0.68
c) 0.42
d) 0.51
e) None of the above

Questions 5, 6, 7 and 8 are based on the following information:

An important part of the customer service at a particular company is the speed at which
problems with service delivery can be resolved. Suppose past data indicates that there is a
probability of 0.70 that a problem is resolved on the same day it was reported. On a given day
12 identical problems were reported.
Question 5
What is the probability 7 of the problems reported were resolved on the same day?
a) 0.5075
b) 0.2763
c) 0.1585
d) 0.5833
e) 0.0000

Question 6
What is the probability that at most 9 of the problems reported were resolved on the same day?
a) 0.7472
b) 0.2397
c) 0.2528
d) 0.5075
e) 0.9150
Question 7
What is the expected number of problems not resolved on the same day they were reported?
a) 14
b) 1.6
c) 2.5
d) 3.6
e) 8.4

Question 8
What is the correct Excel command to calculate the probability that exactly 10 of the 12
problems are resolved on the same day?
a) = 𝐵𝐼𝑁𝑂𝑀. 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇(10, 12, 0.70, 𝑇𝑅𝑈𝐸)
b) = 𝐵𝐼𝑁𝑂𝑀. 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇(10, 12, 0.70, 𝐹𝐴𝐿𝑆𝐸)
c) = 𝐵𝐼𝑁𝑂𝑀. 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇(12, 10, 0.70, 𝐹𝐴𝐿𝑆𝐸)
d) = 𝐵𝐼𝑁𝑂𝑀. 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇(10, 0.70, 12, 𝑇𝑅𝑈𝐸)
e) = 𝐵𝐼𝑁𝑂𝑀. 𝐼𝑁𝑉(12, 10, 0.70)

Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following information:

A factory has a batch of 50 light bulbs, 15 of which are defective. If a quality control officer
randomly selects 8 light bulbs from the batch without replacement.
Question 9
What is the probability that at least 3 defective light bulbs are selected?
a) 0.7645
b) 0.2355
c) 0.4850
d) 0.5678
e) 0.9123

Question 10
What is the correct Excel command to calculate the probability on question 9?
a) = 1 − (𝐻𝑌𝑃𝐺𝐸𝑂𝑀. 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇(0, 8, 15, 50, 𝑇𝑅𝑈𝐸) +
𝐻𝑌𝑃𝐺𝐸𝑂𝑀. 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇(1, 8, 15, 50, 𝑇𝑅𝑈𝐸) + 𝐻𝑌𝑃𝐺𝐸𝑂𝑀. 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇(2, 8, 15, 50, 𝑇𝑅𝑈𝐸))
b) = 1 − (𝐻𝑌𝑃𝐺𝐸𝑂𝑀. 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇(0, 8, 15, 50, 𝐹𝐴𝐿𝑆𝐸) +
𝐻𝑌𝑃𝐺𝐸𝑂𝑀. 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇(1, 8, 15, 50, 𝐹𝐴𝐿𝑆𝐸) + 𝐻𝑌𝑃𝐺𝐸𝑂𝑀. 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇(2, 8, 15, 50, 𝐹𝐴𝐿𝑆𝐸))
c) = 𝐻𝑌𝑃𝐺𝐸𝑂𝑀. 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇(3, 8, 15, 50, 𝑇𝑅𝑈𝐸)
d) = 𝐻𝑌𝑃𝐺𝐸𝑂𝑀. 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇(3, 8, 15, 50, 𝐹𝐴𝐿𝑆𝐸)
e) = 1 − (𝐻𝑌𝑃𝐺𝐸𝑂𝑀. 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇(3, 8, 15, 50, 𝑇𝑅𝑈𝐸))
Questions 11, 12 and 13 are based on the following information:
Due to the popularity of trout as a fish for eating and for catch and release angling, Brown trout
have recently been introduced into the lake. The are now an average of 0.1 Brown trout per
cubic metre of water.

Question 11
What is the probability that there is at most 1 Brown trout in a cubic metre of water in the lake?
a) 0.9659
b) 0.9998
c) 0.1217
d) 0.9953
e) 0.8442

Question 12
If the lake has a volume of 20 000 cubic metres, how many Brown trout would you expect to
have been introduced into the lake?
a) 2000
b) 14000
c) 1500
d) 12500
e) None of the above
Question 13
What is the correct Excel command to calculate the probability that there are at most 3 Brown
trout in a cubic metre of water?
a) = 𝑃𝑂𝐼𝑆𝑆𝑂𝑁. 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇(3, 0.1, 𝑇𝑅𝑈𝐸)
b) = 𝑃𝑂𝐼𝑆𝑆𝑂𝑁. 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇(3, 0.1, 𝐹𝐴𝐿𝑆𝐸)
c) = 𝑃𝑂𝐼𝑆𝑆𝑂𝑁. 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇(0.1, 3, 𝑇𝑅𝑈𝐸)
d) = 𝑃𝑂𝐼𝑆𝑆𝑂𝑁. 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇(0.1, 3, 𝐹𝐴𝐿𝑆𝐸)
e) = 𝑃𝑂𝐼𝑆𝑆𝑂𝑁. 𝐼𝑁𝑉(3, 0.1)
Question 14
Find the value 𝑘, 𝑘 < 0 , such that the area under the standard normal curve between 𝑘 and 0
is 0.27. If the value of 𝑘 is to be found using Microsoft Excel, which of the following
commands/functions can be used?
a) = 𝑁𝑂𝑅𝑀. 𝑆. 𝐼𝑁𝑉(0,27)
b) = 𝑁𝑂𝑅𝑀. 𝐼𝑁𝑉(0,23)
c) = 𝑁𝑂𝑅𝑀. 𝐼𝑁𝑉(0,27)
d) = 𝑁𝑂𝑅𝑀. 𝑆. 𝐼𝑁𝑉(0,23)
e) = 1 − 𝑁𝑂𝑅𝑀. 𝑆. 𝐼𝑁𝑉(0,27)
Question 15
The diagram below shows the probability distribution curves of three normal random
variables: 𝑋1 , 𝑋2 and 𝑋3 .

Which one of the following statements is true?

a) The mean of 𝑋3 is smaller than the means of 𝑋1 and 𝑋2.
b) 𝑋2 has the largest variance.
c) The median of 𝑋1 is the same as that of 𝑋2.
d) All three random variables are only defined for values from –2.5 to 4.
e) The variances of 𝑋1 and 𝑋2 both equal 1.
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following:
The weights of young giraffes are known to be normally distributed with a mean of 284 kg
and a standard deviation of 34 kg.

Question 16
What is the probability that a randomly chosen young giraffe will weigh less than 270 kg?
a) 0.3409
b) 0.5882
c) 0.4118
d) 0.6591
e) None of the above
Question 17
Which Excel function would you use to find the probability in Question 11 above?
a) = 1 − 𝑁𝑂𝑅𝑀. 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇 ( 270 ; 284 ; 34 ; 𝑇𝑅𝑈𝐸 )
b) = 𝑁𝑂𝑅𝑀. 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇 ( 270 ; 284 ; 34 ; 𝐹𝐴𝐿𝑆𝐸 )
c) = 𝑁𝑂𝑅𝑀. 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇 ( 270 ; 284 ; 34 ; 𝑇𝑅𝑈𝐸 )
d) = 1 − 𝑁𝑂𝑅𝑀. 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇 ( 284 ; 270 ; 34 ; 𝑇𝑅𝑈𝐸 )
e) = 1 − 𝑁𝑂𝑅𝑀. 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇 ( 270 ; 284 ; 34 ; 𝐹𝐴𝐿𝑆𝐸 )

Question 18
A random sample of 40 young giraffes is obtained. What is the probability that their mean
weight is between 280 kg and 290 kg?
a) 0.6390
b) 0.1428
c) 0.8686
d) 0.3800
e) None of the above

Question 19
When there are too many giraffes on game farms, some of the young giraffes are sent to zoos
(instead of being culled). For logistical reasons, only the lightest young giraffes can be
transported. The owner of a particular game farm needs to reduce the number of young
giraffes by 5%. Young giraffes of at most 𝑥 kg will be sent to zoos. The value of 𝑥 is:
a) 𝑥 = 221.41
b) 𝑥 = 282.30
c) 𝑥 = 339.93
d) 𝑥 = 269.80
e) 𝑥 = 228.07

Question 20
To determine the value of 𝑥 in Question 19, we would have used the following function in
Excel:

a) = 𝑁𝑂𝑅𝑀. 𝑆. 𝐼𝑁𝑉 ( 0,05 ; 284 ; 34 )

b) = 𝑁𝑂𝑅𝑀. 𝐼𝑁𝑉 ( 0,05 ; 284 ; 34 )
c) = 𝑁𝑂𝑅𝑀. 𝐼𝑁𝑉 ( 0,95 ; 34 ; 284 )
d) = 𝑁𝑂𝑅𝑀. 𝑆. 𝐼𝑁𝑉 ( 0,95 ; 34 ; 284 )
e) = 1 − 𝑁𝑂𝑅𝑀. 𝐼𝑁𝑉 ( 0,05 ; 284 ; 34)
Question 21
Which one of the following statements is true?
a) For a t-distribution with 𝜐 degrees of freedom, 𝑡𝜐 ; 𝛼 = −𝑡𝜐 ; 1+𝛼
b) The variance of the standard normal distribution is smaller than that of the t-
distribution.
c) As the degrees of freedom get smaller, the variance for the t-distribution gets smaller.
d) All normal distributions and t-distributions are symmetric around zero.
e) 𝑃(𝑍 > 0) ≠ 𝑃(𝑡 < 0)

Questions 22, 23 and 24 are based on the following information:

You work for a company that provides online travel guides. In a popular tourist city, health
officials reported that 14% of restaurants have unsatisfactory health conditions. You would
like to confirm that this amount is true. You randomly select 100 restaurants to check.

Question 22
You assume that the health officials reported proportion is correct. What is the probability
that the sample proportion of restaurants with unsatisfactory health conditions is more than
0.13?
a) 0.6103
b) 0.9509
c) 0.3859
d) 0.3897
e) 0.6141

Question 23
Select the correct Excel function to determine the probability in Question 22 above?
a) = 𝑁𝑂𝑅𝑀. 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇 ( 0,13 ; 0,14 ; 0,14 ∗ 0,86/100 ; 𝑇𝑅𝑈𝐸 )
b) = 1 − 𝑁𝑂𝑅𝑀. 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇 ( 0,13 ; 0,14 ; 𝑆𝑄𝑅𝑇(0,14 ∗ 0,86/100) ; 𝑇𝑅𝑈𝐸 )
c) = 1 − 𝑁𝑂𝑅𝑀. 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇 ( 0,14 ; 0,13 ; 14 ∗ 86/𝑆𝑄𝑅𝑇(100) ; 𝑇𝑅𝑈𝐸 )
d) = 𝑁𝑂𝑅𝑀. 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇 ( 0,13 ; 0,14 ; 𝑆𝑄𝑅𝑇(0,14 ∗ 0,86/100) ; 𝐹𝐴𝐿𝑆𝐸 )
e) = 1 − 𝑁𝑂𝑅𝑀. 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇 ( 0,13 ; 0,14 ; 0,14 ∗ 0,86/𝑆𝑄𝑅𝑇(100) ; 𝐹𝐴𝐿𝑆𝐸 )
Question 24
What is the probability that the sample proportion of restaurants with unsatisfactory health
conditions is more than that reported by the health officials?
a) 0
b) 0.5
c) 0.14
d) 0.86
e) This cannot be calculated.

Questions 25 and 26 are based on the following information:

It is known that 43% of Americans own an iPhone. A random sample of 50 Americans was
surveyed.

Question 25
What is the probability that 45% to 50% of the sample owned an iPhone?
a) 0.0005
b) 0.8094
c) 0.2593
d) 0.2272
e) 0.7141

Question 26
What is the probability that the sample proportion of Americans that own iPhones differs
from the true proportion by at most 0.12?
a) 0.9128
b) 0.0090
c) 0.9910
d) 0.0436
e) 0.9994

Question 27
Which one of the following statements is true?
a) The chi-squared distribution is positively skewed with no values greater than zero.
b) The area under the curve of the chi-squared distribution is greater than 1.
c) The chi-squared distribution is symmetric and centered at a value determined by its
degrees of freedom.
d) The shape of the chi-squared distribution depends on its degrees of freedom.
e) All of the above are false.
Question 28
2
Find the following values: (i) 𝑡10; 0.05 and (ii) 𝜒12; 0.05

a) (i) 1.833 and (ii) 3.074

b) (i) – 3.169 and (ii) – 5.226
c) (i) –1.812 and (ii) 5.226
d) (i) –1.812 and (ii) 4.575
e) (i) 1.812 and (ii) 2.603
 STATISTICAL FORMULAE SHEET
Sturges’ Rule: 𝑘 = 1 + 1.44 ln(𝑛) ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖
𝑥̅ =
𝑛

∑𝑟𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖 𝑤𝑖
𝑥̅𝑤 = ∑𝑘𝑖=1 𝑥𝑚𝑖𝑑(𝑖) 𝑓𝑖
∑𝑟𝑖=1 𝑤𝑖 𝑥̅ =
𝑛
2
𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥 – 𝑚𝑖𝑛 2
∑ 𝑥 2 − (∑ 𝑥) ⁄𝑛
𝑠 =
𝑛−1
2 𝑆
2 (∑ 𝑥𝑚𝑖𝑑(𝑖) 𝑓𝑖 ) ⁄ 𝐶𝑉 = X 100
2
∑ 𝑥 𝑚𝑖𝑑(𝑖) 𝑓𝑖 − 𝑛 𝑥̅
𝑠 =
𝑛−1

𝑄3 − 𝑄1 𝑛×𝑖
𝑄= 𝑐( 100 − 𝐹𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 )
2 𝑃𝑖 = 𝐿𝑖 +
𝑓𝑖

𝑁(𝐴) 𝑛 𝑛!
𝑃(𝐴) = 𝐶(𝑛, 𝑟) = ( ) =
𝑁(𝑆) 𝑟 (𝑛 − 𝑟)! 𝑟!

Multiplication rule: 𝑛1 × 𝑛2 × … × 𝑛𝑘 𝑛!
𝑃(𝑛, 𝑟) =
(𝑛 − 𝑟)!

𝑃(𝐴̅) = 1 − 𝑃(𝐴)
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝑃(𝐴̅ ∪ 𝐵̅ ) = 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)

𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅

𝑃(𝐴̅ ∩ 𝐵̅ ) = 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)

𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) + 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵̅ ) 𝑃(𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) + 𝑃(𝐴̅ ∩ 𝐵)

𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐵)𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵|𝐴)
𝑃(𝐵)

𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵) 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵 |𝐴)

𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) =
[𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵 |𝐴)+𝑃(𝐴̅)𝑃(𝐵 |𝐴̅)]

𝜇 = 𝐸(𝑋) = ∑ 𝑥𝑝(𝑥)
𝑃(𝐴1 ∩ 𝐴2 ∩ … ∩ 𝐴𝑛 ) = 𝑃(𝐴1 )𝑃(𝐴2 ) … 𝑃(𝐴𝑛 )

𝑛
𝜎 2 = ∑(𝑥 − 𝜇)2 𝑝(𝑥) = ∑ 𝑥 2 𝑝(𝑥) − 𝜇 2 𝑃(𝑥) = ( ) 𝑝 𝑥 𝑞 𝑛−𝑥 , for 𝑥 = 0,1,2, … 𝑛
𝑥
 𝑒 −𝜇 𝜇 𝑥 𝐸(𝑋) = 𝑛𝑝 𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋) = 𝑛𝑝𝑞
𝑃(𝑥) = , 𝑥 = 0,1,2, …
𝑥!

𝐸(𝑋) = 𝜇 𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋) = 𝜇 𝑋 = 𝜇 + 𝑍𝜎

(𝑁𝑥1)(𝑟−𝑥
𝑁2
) 𝑍=
𝑋−𝜇
𝑃(𝑥) = , 𝑥 = 0, … . , 𝑟 𝜎
(𝑁𝑟)

𝜇𝑋̅ = 𝜇 𝜎2
𝜎𝑋2̅ =
𝑛
𝑋̅ − 𝜇 (𝑛 − 1)𝑆 2
𝑡= 𝑠 𝜒2 =
⁄ 𝑛 𝜎2
√
𝑋̅ − 𝜇 𝑝𝑞
𝑍=𝜎 𝜎𝑝2̂̅ =
𝑛
⁄ 𝑛
√

0 = 0

2 2

30

< 30
0 =

1
2

1;1 2

1
 2
= 2 0 = 0
0 0

2 0 =
0

0 1 = 2

2 2
1 2
2 2
1 2
1 2

2 2
1 2 1 2

1 2 2 2
= 2 2
1 2
1 1 2
1 + 2 2 =
1 1
1+ 2

1+ 2 2