CHAPTER II

Methodology

This chapter presents the research design, settings,

participant/respondent, measures, procedure, and data analysis that will be

used throughout the course of this study.

Research Design

The researchers will utilize convergent parallel design in which the

collection and analysis of quantitative and qualitative data happen

simultaneously but are examined independently. This approach aims to

develop distinct data sets that complement and inform each other (Dovetail

Editorial Team, 2023). A mixed-method research approach that will utilize

aspects of both quantitative and qualitative research to make results more

credible (George, 2023).

The convergent parallel design is particularly suitable for this study

because it allows for a comprehensive understanding of Resident F's chronic

schizophrenia by capturing both statistical data (e.g., medication adherence,

symptom severity) and personal experiences (e.g., the resident’s subjective

experiences and perspectives). This method ensures that the strengths of

both data types are leveraged to provide a fuller picture of the phenomena

being studied. Recent research highlights that combining quantitative and

qualitative data provides a more exact understanding of complex psychiatric

conditions, which is essential for creating effective and personalized treatment

plans (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2023). By analyzing these data sets
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independently, yet concurrently, the study can identify corroborating patterns

or distinct insights, which is crucial for developing comprehensive care

strategies at Castillones Home Care and Rehab Center.

Setting

This case study was conducted at Castillones Home Care and Rehab

Center, located in Diversion Road Corner, Magtuod, Ma-a, Davao City, Davao

Del Sur. The participant was admitted to this facility for treatment and

therapies, designating it as the locale for our case study. The Rehab Center is

approximately 208 kilometers away from the patient’s residency.

This facility currently accommodates 20 residents, providing adequate

bed and room space for all residing residents. The number of residents varies

depending on admissions and discharges. The facility is presently seeking

additional manpower, specifically 2 male nursing attendants and 1 nurse, as it

currently employs only 2 nursing attendants and 1 nurse.

Figure 2. Spot Map of Castillones Psychiatric Home Care and Rehab Center
 Chronic Schizophrenia Disorder…32

Participants

The participant for this case named resident F, a 34-year-old male

resident diagnosed with Chronic Schizophrenia.

Selection Criteria: A resident with a formal diagnosis of the specific psychiatric

disorder being studied such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, major

depressive disorder.

Inclusion Criteria: A resident who have been received or be currently receiving

psychiatric treatment, such as medication, psychotherapy, or both.

Measures

In-depth interviews, as described by Burgess (2019), serve as a

primary method of qualitative data collection, likened to a form of

conversation. The effective use of language enables researchers to delve

deeply into participants' perspectives, experiences, and behaviors. These

interviews provide detailed insights that help understand complex phenomena

and contribute to knowledge generation across various fields. Additionally,

document analysis is another valuable qualitative research method used to

examine and interpret written, visual, or audio materials, such as patients'

charts. This systematic analysis reveals hidden patterns, enhancing the

understanding of the subject under study.

Furthermore, direct observation is utilized in this case study, a method

where researchers watch or listen to participants, including conducting

physical assessments (Fix, Kim, Ruben & McCullough, 2022). This approach

offers firsthand insights into the patient’s actions and context. Physical
 Chronic Schizophrenia Disorder…33

assessments, including cephalocaudal evaluations, are conducted to

thoroughly assess the patient’s condition. These assessments typically

involve the following critical components:

 Components of Nursing Health History (In-depth Interview): Gathering

comprehensive health history through detailed interviews with the

patient.

 Vital Signs

 Nurse’s Notes

 Client Records

 Doctors' Orders

Data Analysis

To thoroughly understand the data gathered, the researchers utilized

in-depth interviews, a comprehensive and exploratory method designed to

collect detailed information about a topic from an involved individual. This

qualitative research approach aims to deeply understand a person's

viewpoints, experiences, emotions, and perspectives (Rutledge and Hogg,

2020). Additionally, thematic analysis was utilized. This method involves

analyzing and identifying qualitative data, typically applied to sets of texts

such as interview transcripts. The researcher closely examines the data to

identify common themes - topics, ideas, and patterns of meaning that come

up repeatedly (Caulfield, 2019). Thematic analysis provides a systematic yet

flexible approach to data analysis. This method is suitable for understanding

the patient's background and current condition, and was applied to the data

obtained from the phone call interview with the patient's mother.
 Chronic Schizophrenia Disorder…34

Data Collection Procedure

 Before conducting the study, the researchers obtained approval from

the clinical instructor to interview the target participant for the case

study.

 Since the target participant could not make decisions on his own due to

his mental disorder, informed consent was obtained from his mother

through a phone call and a text message.

 The researchers then secured permission from the target participant’s

mother to conduct an in-depth interview about her son's current health

status. The mother was informed about the study’s objectives and

design.

 A recorded consent was obtained from the mother, in which she

expressed her willingness to participate after being made aware that

her participation was voluntary and that she had the right to refuse or

withdraw at any timeThe mother was also informed that the information

shared would be kept confidential and that her and her son's identities

would remain anonymous.

 The researchers delved into the patient’s perspectives, experiences,

and behaviors through observation and the mother’s verbalizations.

 After the interview, the researchers thanked the mother and began

analyzing the gathered data.

 The researchers meticulously examined written, visual, and audio

materials to gain insights, particularly from the patient's chart.

 The researchers reviewed and classified the data collected from the

patient’s chart.
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 The collected data was evaluated, categorized, and finalized through

discussion.

 Throughout the data collection, the researchers adhered to ethical

standards, ensuring the confidentiality of the information collected.

 Based on the data, the researchers created drug studies related to the

medications administered to the patient and formulated nursing care

plans according to the patient’s needs and conditions.

 The researchers then prepared the summary, conclusion, and

recommendations for the case study.

Ethical Consideration

All methods employed adhered to pertinent guidelines and regulations.

Compliance with Republic Act No. 10173, also known as the Data Privacy Act

of 2012, served as the foundation for treating the data with discretion and

anonymity. Ethical considerations encompassed safeguarding privacy and

confidentiality, minimizing risks, and ensuring the validity and reliability of the

study. Privacy and confidentiality were meticulously protected, and all

potential risks were minimized to ensure the well-being of Resident F. The

study’s design and implementation aimed to maintain the highest standards of

validity and reliability, ensuring that the findings would be both trustworthy and

ethically sound.

Privacy and Confidentiality. Before data collection, the researcher

sought approval from the clinical instructor and nursing attendant to interview

Resident F for the case study. As Resident F could not make decisions

independently due to his mental disorder, informed consent was obtained

from his mother via phone call and text message. This ensured that she fully

understood the study’s purpose, objectives, and benefits, and agreed to his

participation under strict confidentiality guidelines. All collected data were

handled with utmost confidentiality and analyzed anonymously to prevent

traceability back to Resident F. The agreement between researchers and

Resident F was strictly adhered to, maintaining his privacy and confidentiality

throughout the research process.

Minimization of Risks. Before data collection, the researchers

discussed with Resident F’s mother the rights and potential risks involved in

the study. Throughout all interactions, Resident F was safeguarded, receiving

fair and proper treatment with due respect for his dignity. Resident F’s mother

was given the opportunity to ask questions about the research at any stage

and was informed that she could withdraw Resident F from the study at any

time. This ensured that Resident F’s participation was as safe and respectful

as possible, given his condition.

Validity and Reliability. In this study, researchers ensured the integrity

of the research process by carefully selecting and testing the data collection

methods and instruments. Data was collected from Resident F’s chart

throughout his three years of admission in the facility. Appropriate statistical

techniques were employed to analyze the data, ensuring accurate and

transparent interpretation and reporting of results. The researchers also

addressed any limitations and implications of the study, underscoring the

importance of maintaining the credibility and trustworthiness of the findings.

This rigorous approach was applied to ensure that the study of Resident F’s

case yielded reliable and meaningful insights.