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Physics Project

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54 views14 pages

Physics Project

Uploaded by

adityadwivedi2019
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PHYSICS PROJECT

(A.Y. 2024-25)

TOPIC: To build simple electric motor or electromagnetic


crane and understand the working of electromagnetism

Name: ADITYA DWIVEDI


Class: XII
Section: L
Roll No.: 32
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I, Aditya Dwivedi of Class 12th Section L, Rahul International School,


Mira Road, extend my heartfelt gratitude to the esteemed Principal, Mr.
Yigal Banker, Vice Principal, Mrs. Joyce Britto, and Co-ordinator Ms.
Pratiksha Singh for their continuous encouragement and assistance
throughout.

I am sincerely thankful to my Physics teachers, Ms. Pratiksha


Singh and Mr. Sachin Singh, for their invaluable guidance and
insightful ideas which greatly contributed to the completion of my
project. Their unwavering support and encouragement were
instrumental in my academic journey.

Furthermore, I express my deep appreciation to the lab assistant, Mr.


Sagar, whose support was pivotal in the successful execution of the
project.

Lastly, I extend my gratitude to my parents and friends for their unwa-


vering support, encouragement, and motivation.

Date of Submission: 9/9/24


Aditya Dwivedi
INDEX
TOPIC: To build simple electric motor or electromagnetic
crane and understand the working of electromagnetism
OBJECTIVES

1. Generators, motors, and transformers


2. Electric buzzers and bells
3. Headphones and loudspeakers
4. Relays and valves
5. Data storage devices like VCRs, tape recorders, hard discs, etc.
6. Induction cooker
7. Magnetic locks
8. MRI machines
9. Particle accelerators
10. Mass spectrometers
MATERIALS NEEDED

 D battery
 Insulated 22G wire
 2 large-eyed, long, metal sewing needles (the eyes must be large
enough to fit the wire through)
 Modeling clay
 Electrical tape
 Hobby knife
 Small circular magnet
 Thin marker
PROCEDURE

1. Starting in the center of the wire, wrap the wire tightly and neatly
around the marker 30 times.
2. Slide the coil you made off of the marker.
3. Wrap each loose end of the wire around the coil a few times to
hold it together, then point the wires away from the loop, as shown:

4. Ask an adult to use the hobby knife to help you remove the top-half
of the wire insulation on each free end of the coil. The exposed
wire should be facing the same direction on both sides.

5. Thread each loose end of the wire coil through the large eye of a
needle. Try to keep the coil as straight as possible without bending
the wire ends.
6. Lay the D battery sideways on a flat surface.
7. Stick some modeling clay on either side of the battery so it does
not roll away.
8. Take 2 small balls of modeling clay and cover the sharp ends of
the needle.
9. Place the needles upright next to the terminals of each battery so
that the side of each needle touches one terminal of the battery.
10. Use electrical tape to secure the needles to the ends of the
battery. Your coil should be hanging above the battery.
11. Tape the small magnet to the side of the battery so that it is
centered underneath the coil.
12. Give your coil a spin.
RESULT

The motor will continue to spin when pushed in the right direction. The
motor will not spin when the initial push is in the opposite direction.
ANALYSIS & DISCUSSION

The metal, needles, and wire created a closed loop circuit that can carry
current. Current flows from the negative terminal of the battery, through
the circuit, and to the positive terminal of the battery. Current in a closed
loop also creates its own magnetic field, which you can determine by
the “Right Hand Rule.” Making a “thumbs up” sign with your right hand,
the thumb points in the direction of the current, and the curve of the
fingers show which way the magnetic field is oriented.
In our case, current travels through the coil you created, which is called
the armature of the motor. This current induces a magnetic field in the
coil, which helps explain why the coil spins.
Magnets have two poles, north and south. North-south interactions stick
together, and north-north and south-south interactions repel each other.
Because the magnetic field created by the current in the wire is not
perpendicular to the magnet taped to the battery, at least some part of
the wire’s magnetic field will repel and cause the coil to continue to spin.
So why did we need to remove the insulation from only one side of each
wire? We need a way to periodically break the circuit so that it pulses on
and off in time with the rotation of the coil. Otherwise, the copper coil’s
magnetic field would align with the magnet’s magnetic field and stop
moving because both fields would attract each other. The way we set up
our engine makes it so that whenever current is moving through the coil
(giving it a magnetic field), the coil is in a good position to be repelled by
the stationary magnet’s magnetic field. Whenever the coil isn’t being
actively repelled (during those split-second intervals where the circuit is
switched off), momentum carries it around until it’s in the right position to
complete the circuit, induce a new magnetic field, and be repelled by the
stationary magnet again.
Once moving, the coil can continue to spin until the battery is dead. The
reason that the magnet only spins in one direction is because spinning in
the wrong direction will not cause the magnetic fields to repel each other,
but attract.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

 Wikipedia.org
 sciencebuddies.org
 education.com

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