Department of Sanskrit, University of Delhi

Web Search Techniques and

Introduction of Main Search Engine
वेबखोज तकनीक एवं मुख्य सर्च इं जन का
परिर्य

Dr. Subhash Chandra

Assistant Professor
Department of Sanskrit
University of Delhi, Delhi
Email: [email protected]
Mobile: 9953215276
 Department of Sanskrit, University of Delhi

Learning Objectives

At the end of this lecture you will be able to:

 State definitions for the terms Internet, World Wide Web and
search engine
 Analyze a research topic
 Develop appropriate search strategies and conduct a search
 Refine search results
 Department of Sanskrit, University of Delhi

Basic Tools Used to Retrieve Information

 Internet
 World Wide Web
 Search engine
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Basic Tools Used to Retrieve Information

 The terms Internet and World Wide Web

(Web) are often used interchangeably, but
they are not the same thing
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Internet

 The Internet provides the electronic

communication structure
 The Web uses the structure to find and display
information from a variety of sources
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Web

 The Web uses the structure to find and

display information from a variety of
sources
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Search and Search Engine

 You can search for information on the Web using any

number of different search engines

 Search engines are large databases of web page files

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Search Tools
 Search engines use programs called “spiders”
or “robots” to “crawl” through Web pages,
index the information and add it to the search
engine.

 Most of the information is free, though there

may be links to sites that are not free.

 When we use a search engine (such as Google,

Yahoo, Ask, AltaVista) we are asking it to scan
its index of sites and match the keyword(s)
and phrase(s) with those in the texts of
documents within its database
 Department of Sanskrit, University of Delhi

Search Result

 Due to the sheer number of words indexed by

search engines we may get many responses to
simple search requests.

 We may get lengthy documents in which our

keyword appears only once.

 Many may not be relevant to our searched

topic
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Search Result

 Web pages found by search engines do not go

through a review process.
 Anyone can publish their ideas.
 We must evaluate the site and information
carefully
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Search Result

 Various search engine may provide different

information regarding the same searches in
term of:
 Size
 Speed and content
 Ranking schemes
 Search options
 Department of Sanskrit, University of Delhi

Search Engine Limitation

 Remember – a search engine

 Cannot think for you
 Cannot understand what you mean by your concepts
or terms
 In can only match the word(s) you choose
 Department of Sanskrit, University of Delhi

Search Engine Limitation

 Remember – a search engine

 Cannot think for you
 Cannot understand what you mean by your concepts
or terms
 In can only match the word(s) you choose
 No single search engine can access the entire Web.
 The information you retrieve will depend on:
 The search engine(s) and the search term(s) you
use
 Department of Sanskrit, University of Delhi

How to refine the Search Result

 Analyze the search topic

 Searching for information can be very frustrating
and the results overwhelming.
 Analyzing your topic, and then using search
techniques effectively, will help you obtain the
information you need for research and personal
use.
 Department of Sanskrit, University of Delhi

How to refine the Search Result

 First take time to think about exactly what we
are looking for – be specific.

 It may be useful to write out your topic in the

form of a sentence or question to help clarify
exactly what type of information you need.

 For example if we are looking for Panini

 What exactly we are looking for?
 Additional information we want.
 Department of Sanskrit, University of Delhi

How to refine the Search Result

 Once we identify the topic, it needed to break
into key concepts or points.

 Write down all the keywords and phrases that

best describe your topic.

 Think of synonyms or related terms for each

concept or point.

 Consider spelling variations as well as the

singular and plural of words.
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How to refine the Search Result

 The word(s) you use will determine the

information you find.

 Using different words in your search may give

you additional information.
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Strategies to Conduct Your Search

 To do a basic search on most search engines
type in a keyword you have identified: –
example: System of Panini.

 This will produce the greatest number of

results, though often not what you want.

 Use multiple keywords: A multiple keyword

search retrieves more specific or focused
results.

 When using a multiple keyword search, put

the most important keywords first
 Department of Sanskrit, University of Delhi

Strategies to Conduct Your Search

 Use “ ” marks around phrases to make sure
they are searched exactly as is otherwise most
search engines will look for each word
separately.

 You can refine and improve your search by

using different techniques to broaden or
narrow your search results.

 Use a plus sign + in front of a word to require

its inclusion (no space between the sign and
the word)
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Basics of Google Search Engine

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गूगल खोज (Google Search)

 गूगल खोज या गूगल वेब खोज वेब पि खोज के एक
इं जन है ।
 जजसका जवकास गूगल इं क द्वािा ककया गया 1997 में
1997 में लैिी पेज (Larry Page) औि सेगेई जिन
(Sergey Brin) द्वािा ककया गया ।
 यह वेब पि सबसे ज्यादा उपयोग ककया जाने वाला खोज
इं जन है ।
 अपनी जवजिन्न सेवाओं के माध्यम से गूगल प्रजतकदन
लाखों की संख्या में जवजिन्न प्रश्न प्राप्त किता है।
 गूगल खोज का मुख्य उद्देश्य अन्य सामजियों जैसे गूगल
जर्त्र खोज के मुकाबले वेबपृष्ठों से सामिी की खोज किना
है ।
 Department of Sanskrit, University of Delhi

गूगल खोज (Google Search)

 गूगल खोज मूल शब्द खोज के अजतरिक्त, 22 अन्य जवशेष

सुजवधाएं िी प्रदान किता है ।
 इनमें समानार्थी शब्द, मौसम पूवाचनुमान, समय क्षेत्र,
स्टॉक उद्धिण, मानजर्त्र, िूकंप डेटा, मूवी शोटाइम,
हवाई अड्डा, होम जलसस्टंग औि खेल स्कोि शाजमल है।
 गूगल के खोज परिणाम पृष्ठों पि खोज परिणाम (गूगल
जहट्स के जलए जीजहट्स (ghits)) के अनुसाि "पेजिैं क"
की प्रार्थजमकता के आधाि पि आधारित हैं।
 अिी तक गूगल कु ल 149 िाषाओं में खोज उपलब्ध
किता है ।
 जजनमें से 12 िाितीय िाषाएं हैं ।
 Department of Sanskrit, University of Delhi

Common Search Techniques

 Search Social Media:

Put @ in front of a word to search social
media. For example: @twitter.

 Search for a price:

Put $ in front of a number. For example:
camera $400.
 Department of Sanskrit, University of Delhi

Common Search Techniques

Search hashtags:
Put # in front of a word. For example:
#throwbackthursday

Exclude words from your search:

Put - in front of a word you want to leave out.
For example, jaguar speed –car.

Search for an exact match:

Search within a range of numbers, such as
"camera $50..$100"
 Department of Sanskrit, University of Delhi

Common Search Techniques

Combine searches:
Put "OR" between each search query. For
example, marathon OR race.

Search for a specific site:

Put "site:" in front of a site or domain. For
example, site:youtube.com or site:.gov.

Search for related sites:

Put "related:" in front of a web address you
already know. For example, related:time.com.
 Department of Sanskrit, University of Delhi

Common Search Techniques

Combine searches:
Put "OR" between each search query. For
example, marathon OR race.

Search for a specific site:

Put "site:" in front of a site or domain. For
example, site:youtube.com or site:.gov.

See Google’s cached version of a site:

Put "cache:" in front of the site address.
Department of Sanskrit, University of Delhi

Google Book and Scholar

 Department of Sanskrit, University of Delhi

Google Books
 Google Books previously known as Google Book Search,
Google Print, and by its code-name Project Ocean is a
service from Google Inc.

 It searches the full text of books and magazines that

Google has scanned, converted to text using optical
character recognition (OCR), and stored in its digital
database.

 These books are provided either by publishers and authors

through the Google Books Partner Program, or by Google's
library partners through the Library Project.

 Google has also partnered with a number of magazine

publishers to digitize their archives.
 Department of Sanskrit, University of Delhi

Google Books

 The Google Books Library Project and scans works in the

collections of library partners and adds them to the digital
inventory, was announced in December 2004.

 In October 2019, Google celebrated 15 years of Google

Books and provided the number of scanned books as more
than 40 million titles.
 Department of Sanskrit, University of Delhi

Google Books
 Google Books has four access levels:
 Full view: Books in the public domain are available for "full view"
and can be downloaded for free.

 Preview: For in-print books where permission has been granted,

the number of viewable pages is limited to a "preview" set by a
variety of access restrictions and security measures, some based
on user-tracking.

 Snippet view: A "snippet view" – two to three lines of text

surrounding the queried search term – is displayed in cases where
Google does not have permission of the copyright owner to display
a preview.

 No preview: Google also displays search results for books that

have not been digitized. Only the metadata such as the title,
author, publisher, number of pages, ISBN, subject and copyright
information, and in some cases, a table of contents and book
summary is available.
 Department of Sanskrit, University of Delhi

Google Books

 Library Partners
 Harvard University, Harvard University Library.
 University of Michigan, University of Michigan Library.
 New York Public Library.
 University of Oxford, Bodleian Library.
 Stanford University, Stanford University Libraries (SULAIR).
 Department of Sanskrit, University of Delhi

Google Books
 Additional partners
 Austrian National Library.
 Bavarian State Library.
 Bibliothèque municipale de Lyon.
 Big Ten Academic Alliance.
 Columbia University, Columbia University Library System.
 Complutense University of Madrid.
 Cornell University, Cornell University Library.
 Ghent University, Ghent University Library/Boekentoren.
 Keio University, Keio Media Centers (Libraries).
 National Library of Catalonia, Biblioteca de Catalunya.
 Princeton University, Princeton University Library.
 University of California, California Digital Library.
 University of Lausanne, Cantonal and University Library of Lausanne.
 University of Mysore, Mysore University Library.
 University of Texas at Austin, University of Texas Libraries
 University of Virginia, University of Virginia Library.
 University of Wisconsin–Madison, University of Wisconsin Libraries.
Department of Sanskrit, University of Delhi

Google Scholar
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Google Scholars

 Google Scholar is a freely accessible web search engine

that indexes the full text or metadata of scholarly literature
across an array of publishing formats and disciplines.

 It was released a beta version in November 2004.

 Google Scholar index includes most peer-reviewed

online academic journals and books, conference
papers, theses and dissertations, preprints,
abstracts, technical reports, and other scholarly
literature, including court opinions and patents.
 Department of Sanskrit, University of Delhi

Google Scholars

 Google Scholar uses a web crawler, or web robot, to

identify files for inclusion in the search results.
 For content to be indexed in Google Scholar, it must meet
certain specified criteria.

 Because many of Google Scholar's search results link to

commercial journal articles, most people will be able to
access only an abstract and the citation details of an
article, and have to pay a fee to access the entire article.
 Department of Sanskrit, University of Delhi

Google Scholars

 The most relevant results for the searched keywords will

be listed first, in order of the author's ranking, the number
of references that are linked to it and their relevance to
other scholarly literature, and the ranking of the
publication that the journal appears in.
 Department of Sanskrit, University of Delhi

Features in Google Scholars

 Groups and access to literature: Using its "group

of" feature, it shows the available links to journal articles. In the 2005
version, this feature provided a link to both subscription-access
versions of an article and to free full-text versions of articles; for most
of 2006, it provided links to only the publishers' versions.

 Citation analysis and tools: Through its "cited by"

feature, Google Scholar provides access to abstracts of articles that
have cited the article being viewed. It is this feature in particular that
provides the citation indexing previously only found in CiteSeer,
Scopus, and Web of Science. Google Scholar also provides links so that
citations can be either copied in various formats or imported into
user-chosen reference managers such as Zotero.
 Department of Sanskrit, University of Delhi

Features in Google Scholars

 Related articles: Through its "Related articles" feature,

Google Scholar presents a list of closely related articles, ranked
primarily by how similar these articles are to the original result, but
also taking into account the relevance of each paper.

 US legal case database: Google Scholar's legal database

of US cases is extensive. Users can search and read published opinions
of US state appellate and supreme court cases since 1950, US federal
district, appellate, tax, and bankruptcy courts since 1923 and US
Supreme Court cases since 1791. Google Scholar embeds clickable
citation links within the case and the How Cited tab allows lawyers to
research prior case law and the subsequent citations to the court
decision.
 Department of Sanskrit, University of Delhi

Features in Google Scholars

 Related Articles.

 Versions.

 Cite.

 Save.

 Cited by.
 Department of Sanskrit, University of Delhi
Thank you धन्यवादााः

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[email protected], [email protected]
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