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Marjan (Coral): A Valuable Unani Medicine Having Multifarious Medicinal Uses

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DOI: 10.31080/ASPS.2022.06.0903

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 Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences (ISSN: 2581-5423)
Volume 6 Issue 11 November 2022
Review Article

Marjan (Coral): A Valuable Unani Medicine Having Multifarious Medicinal Uses

Mohd Afsahul Kalam1*, Yasmin Siddique2, Mohd Naved2 and Abdul

Received: August 26, 2022
Haseeb2
Published: October 17, 2022
1
Research Officer Unani and Lecturer Department of Ilmul Advia, Regional
© All rights are reserved by Mohd Afsahul
Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Kashmir University, Habak, Naseembagh
Kalam., et al.
Campus, Hazratbal Srinagar, J&K, India
2
PG Scholars (M.D), Department of Ilmul Advia, Regional Research Institute of
Unani Medicine, Kashmir University, Habak, Naseembagh Campus, Hazratbal
Srinagar, J&K, India

*Corresponding Author: Mohd Afsahul Kalam, Research Officer Unani and Lecturer
Department of Ilmul Advia, Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Kashmir
University, Habak, Naseembagh Campus, Hazratbal Srinagar, J&K, India.

DOI: 10.31080/ASPS.2022.06.0903

Abstract
Busd-i-Ahmar or Marjan is also known as Munga in Unani Medicine. It is a valuable drug with multifarious medicinal uses. It is
obtained from marine source Corallium rubrum L. of Coralidae family. It is a porous and hollow structure found in various colours
e.g. white, dark red, and black. Mainly red colour is used for medicinal purpose in various forms like Ash, Calx, Tooth powder, Surma
(corylum) etc. Internally it acts as astringent, styptic, antidiarrheal, diuretic, detoxificant and tonic for vital organs. It has been used
since time immemorial to treat various ailments e.g. melancholia, epilepsy, paralysis, hemoptysis, renal calculi, nerve weakness,
cardiac weakness, brain disorders etc. It is a great source of calcium and iron and some quantity of copper etc. which makes it
valuable for iron and calcium deficiencies and general weakness. It is highly efficacious in cough, anemia, asthma, paralysis, anorexia
etc. This review provides detail about the medicinal uses of Marjan in various systemic and non-systemic diseases in the light of
classical literatures of Unani Medicine.

Keywords: Marjan; Busd-i-Ahmar; Coral; Paralysis; Anemia; Calcium Deficiency

Introduction (coral), Lulu (pearl) [1,2], Lajward (Lapis lazuli), Zumurrud

Every living organism is made up of certain chemical (emerald), Khubsul Hadeed [3-5] etc. are being used successfully

constituent with slight variation, therefore, in any illness of human in various forms like Ma’jun, Khamira, Kushta, Powder etc. [6].

being three sources of drug (Mawalid-i-Thalatha) are used either As calcium is an essential element for the nutrition of tissues of

alone or in combined form for the treatment purpose. They are heart and lungs, therefore various formulations containing calcium

plant, mineral and animal substances. The substances from animal are used which are made from Marjan, Sadaf, Marwarid and

source are used in USM since long time, which provides essential many other natural sources of Unani Medicine. In USM the drugs

requirements of the body like hormones, micronutrients such as containing calcium and iron are utilized as a whole in oxide form

iron, calcium, zinc, copper etc. [10]. So various drug substances instead of extracting calcium form, it is considered as a safe mode

like Jund Bedastar (castorium), Regmahi (sand fish lizard), Marjan of administration. Marjan is a renowned, animal origin drug of

Citation: Mohd Afsahul Kalam., et al. “Marjan (Coral): A Valuable Unani Medicine Having Multifarious Medicinal Uses". Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical
Sciences 6.11 (2022): 11-17.
Marjan (Coral): A Valuable Unani Medicine Having Multifarious Medicinal Uses

12

Unani Medicine which is obtained from the colonies of calcareous one looks like branches (the upper part) and other like root which
skeleton of a mollusk namely Corallium rubrum L. It is dark red, is found on the base [12]. In a raw state the stems and branches are
porous and hollow structure comprises of calcium, iron, copper, covered with a cortical substance which is the habitation of soft
zinc etc., therefore it is useful in general debility and weakness and small polypi [10]. The branches are called Shakh-i-Marjan and
of heart and lung functions and also in organ dysfunction. It is a root is called Beekh-i-Marjan. Both are used for medicinal purpose
well-known fact that calcium is an essential element of the human in Unani System of Medicine, in the form of Kushta (calx) or Sokhta
body and involves in various biochemical functions of the body and (burnt). Apart from the red variety it is also found in white and
tissues get nutrition from this element and is also an important black colours. White variety is softer than red and black is the hard
component in blood to maintain pH of blood. So in the presence and considered as bad (toxic) [13]. Greek legends thought that red
of these precious elements Marjan got special attention by Unani coral having magical powers. Among the Romans, branches of coral
fraternity and that is why it is used in several form like Kushta were hung around children’s necks to preserve them from danger.
(calx) and Sokhta (ash) of Bikh-i-Marjan and Shakh-i-Marjan etc. It has been a trade item in ancient Egypt and Rome.
either alone or in various compound formulations e.g. Khamira,
Ma’ajeen, Kushta, Qurs, Habb, Kohl, Safoof etc. [6-9]. Taba’i Khususiyat (Physical characteristics)
Shape: Shape of small leafless bushes
Coral is purified by being boiled in a decoction of the T.
Color: Intensely red or pink colored by carotenoid pigments
myrobalans and then prepared for medicinal use by being calcined
in covered crucible and then reduced into powder. Pravala Bhasma Taste: Tasteless [14]
(coral ash) is also prepared by soaking coral for some time in lime Odor: Odorless [14]
juice, then putting it in fire and calcining and finally reducing into
Consistency: Hard [14]
a fine powder [10]. Busd-i-Muharraq prepared by the method of
Fracture: It easily breaks with crackling sound [10].
calcination is described by Hakim Azam Khan, as follows: Marjan
is crushed into pieces and reduced in powder and filled in between
two crucibles of clay followed Gil-i-Hikmat then it kept in the
Tanoor (manual oven) for whole night and obtained the powder
in the morning.

Description of drug in unani literature

It consists of colonies of calcareous skeleton of a mollusk
Corallium rubrum L. it is a porous, and hollow structure of dark
red in colour. It is found in Bahr-i-Ahmar (Red Sea), Bahr Al-Kahil
(Mediterranean Sea), Bahr-i-Awqiyanus (Atlantic Ocean) [10,11].
West Indies, Panama, Japan, Taiwan and Australia. Corallium rubrum
L. lays eggs in water which become larva and adhere on rocks in the
sea. These larvas make polyp upon one by one and collectively these
are look like tree under sea. When the animals left their house after
giving birth to their off springs, the house become empty, then their
house comes above the sea level, and form an Island. The world’s Figure 1: Showing various forms of Marjan and coral in the
largest coral island is Coral Barrier reef situated in Australia. There ocean.
are three types of Marjan mentioned in Unani classical books e.g.
red, white and black. Red colour is considered best, white is lower
Mutaradifat (vernacular names)
quality and black is of worst quality. Marjan is found in two parts,
Arabic: Bussad, Busd, Marjan, Shakh Marjan, Busd Ahmar,
Nashif, Nashaf, Hajr-i-Shajari, Qarfad [1,2,11-14]

Citation: Mohd Afsahul Kalam., et al. “Marjan (Coral): A Valuable Unani Medicine Having Multifarious Medicinal Uses". Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical
Sciences 6.11 (2022): 11-17.
Marjan (Coral): A Valuable Unani Medicine Having Multifarious Medicinal Uses

13

Bengali: Palamoonga [15] Order: Gorgcea

Ceylon: Bobalu [15] Family: Corallidae

English: Coral [10], red coral Genus: Corallium

French: Corail [10] Species: Corallium rubrum L.

German: Korallian, [10] Rote koralle Ajza-i-Must’amla (parts used)

Kushta (calx) and Sokhta (ash) of Beekh-i-Marjan and Shakh-i-
Greek: Faliyuchaj, Qomin, Qorliyun, Qoralan [12]
Marjan [1].
Gujrati: Parwala [10]
Mizaj (temperament)
Hindi: Moonga, Moonge Ki Jad, Parvara, Prawal, Prabal [2,10,13], Cold in 1st degree and dry in 3rd degree [16]; Cold in 1st degree
Angarak Mani, Prawal, and dry in 2nd degree [1]; cold and dry in 2nd degree [13].

Italian: Corallo [10] Nafa Khas (main action)

It is main action is Muqawwi Aza-i-Raisa (tonic to vital organs).
Kannad: Hawala [10]
Af’al (action)
Kashmiri: Marjan
It has Hābis (styptic), Qābid (astringent), Mujaffif (siccative,
Malayalam: Puwalam [10] desiccant), Jāli (detergent) [1,12,16], Habis-i-Dam (hemostatic)
[11], Mani’ Nazfuddam (anti-hemorrhagic), Mudirr-i-Bawl
Marathi: Praval, [2], Povalay [10] (diuretic), Mufattih Sudad (deobstruent), Dāfi’ Waswas
(antianxiety), Fād-i-Zahar (antidote), Muqawwi-i-Dimagh (brain
Persian: Bissad, Kama, Kharumak, Marjan [10,13]
tonic), Muqawwi ‘ām (general tonic), Dafi’ Jaryan, Mumsik
Roman: Qoloriyun, Quburiyun [2] (retentive), Muqawwi-i-ishtiha (appetizer) and anticoagulant
actions. Its main action is Muqawwi-i-Qalb (cardiac tonic), Mufarriḥ
Sanskrit: Vyoma Ratana, Raktanga, Vidruma, Raktangakur, Qalb (exhilarant) and Habis-i-Dam (styptic), Muhafiz-i-Janin (fetus
Pravala, Parbala [2] Pravala, Vidruma [10] Praval Shakh, Praval protective) [2,11,12,14].
mula;
Iste’malat (uses)
Sinhalese: Bubalo [10]
It is used for Du’f-i-Qalb (cardiac weakness), Khafqān
(palpitation), Waswas (anxiety), Du’f-i-Dimagh (weakness of
Tamil: Pavalan [10]
brain), Du’f-i-Mi’da (stomach weakness), Du’f-i-Ishtiha (loss
Telugu: Pagadmu [10] of appetite), Tawahhush (fearfulness), Junun (Mania), Sara’
(epilepsy), Nasiyān (amnesia), Nazla Muzmin (ch. catarrh); Amraz-
Urdu: Marjan. i-Dandan wa Liththa (diseases of teeth and gums), Amraz-i-Chashm
(eye diseases) e.g. Dam’a (epiphora), cataract, blepharitis and low
Scientific classification
vision, Zukam (coryza), Su’āl (cough), Nafthud Dam (haemoptysis),
Kingdom: Animalia Sil wa Diq (tuberculosis), Nazfud Dam (hemorrhage), Ishal-i-
Damwi (bleeding dysentery), Quruh-i-Am’a (intestinal ulcers). Diq
Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Anthozoa

Citation: Mohd Afsahul Kalam., et al. “Marjan (Coral): A Valuable Unani Medicine Having Multifarious Medicinal Uses". Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical
Sciences 6.11 (2022): 11-17.
Marjan (Coral): A Valuable Unani Medicine Having Multifarious Medicinal Uses

14

al-Nafas (asthma), Kathrat-i-Hayd (menorrhagia), Sailanur Rahim Amrad-i-Qalb (Cardiac problem)

(leucorrhoea), Sang gurda wa Mathāna (renal and vesical stone), • As anticoagulant, Marjan Sokhta is useful for cardiac problem,
Warm-i-Tihal (splenomegaly), Bawāsir Khuni (bleeding piles), etc. as it resolves the coagulation in the heart. It is also known to
[1,14,16]. possess anticoagulant property especially in cardiovascular
blockage, as stated by Ibn Zohr [2,14].
Method of administration in various systemic and non-
systemic diseases Amrad-i-Mi’da wa Am’a (Gastrointestinal diseases)
Amrad-i-Dimagh wa A’sab (Diseases of brain and nerves) • 3 ½ gm of calcinated Corallium rubrum when mixed with 14
• Its preparation in honey is effective for the treatment of Falij gm Sharbat-i-Anjebar has been found to be effective in Qulanj
(hemiplegia), Ra‘sha (tremors), Laqwa (Bell‘s palsy) etc. [2]. Quruhi (ulcerative colitis) [12].
• Taking Marjan Mahlool (prepared in Arq Gulab and Arq • 3 gm of calcinated Corallium rubrum mixed with Sandal Surkh
Bedmushk) or Kushta Marjan per orally in a dose of 500 mg - 1 (red sandal) and then sprinkled on the hemorrhoids has been
gm is very effective in all diseases mentioned above. found to stop bleeding and to resolve the inflammation.
• With reference to Sikandar (Alexander) Zakaria Razi has • Marjan is used as Ta’leeq on abdomen to cure Amrad-i-Mi’da
mentioned that, its neckless is hung around the neck. It is [13].
useful to cure epilepsy [12].
Amrad-i-Jigar wa Tihal (Liver and Spleen disorders)
Amrad-i-‘Ain (Diseases of eyes) • As per Aminuddawla the intake of 2 gm corallium with
For improving eye vision and treatment of Bayaz-i-Chashm, Sikanjabeen for three days continuously has been found to
Jarab and Salaq it is used as SURMA in the eyes [1]. be effective in resolving the inflammation and obstruction of
spleen [13]. With water it is taken for the treatment of Waram-
Amrad-i-Uzun (Diseases of ear) i-Tihal [16].
An ear drop prepared with Corallium rubrum in Roghan Balsan • With honey it is taken to detoxify the liver and spleen by
is used to cure otalgia [14] and to prevent loss of hearing. removing the morbid matters [2].

Amrad-i-Dandan, Liththa wa Dahan (Diseases of teeth, gums Amrad-i-Atfal (Child diseases)

and mouth cavity):
Marjan Mahlul is very effective in case of children having
• Its powder, when applied on teeth daily, has been found to experience of fear and shouting in sleep. For the same effect it also
whiten the teeth and it removes the dental plaques [1,12]. used as Ta’leeq on the neck [2,13].
• It is also beneficial when the powder is sprinkled on mouth
ulcers [2]. Application of its powder with Arq Gulab (rose Amrad-i-Bawl wa Tanasul (Sexual disorders)
water) is also found effective and this is tested several times • Its Kushta (calx) is useful to cure Jaryān-i-Mani
by Unani physicians [2]. (spermatorrhoea) and Sur’at-i-Inzāl (premature ejaculation)
[11].
Amrad-i-Riya (Diseases of lung)
• Its powder when mixed with Triphala and honey is taken daily
• In the form of Kushta (calx) it is useful in Su’āl (cough) and after meal, it has been found to be effective in gonorrhea.
Diq al-Nafas (asthma). Its powder with egg yolk is taken to
ease cough, cold, sore throat, bronchitis, pneumonia, pleurisy, Ilaj-i-Samoom (Treatment of poisoning)
congestion and pain in chest, dyspnea, asthma etc. [17]. According to Unani physicians if it is taken in the quantity of 3 ½
• As per Jalinus (Galen) 2 ½ gm Marjan mixed with half the gm, it acts as an antidote of all the poisons [13].
weight of the Gum acacia and egg white when taken with Arq-
i-Gulab, it is beneficial in management of hemoptysis.

Citation: Mohd Afsahul Kalam., et al. “Marjan (Coral): A Valuable Unani Medicine Having Multifarious Medicinal Uses". Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical
Sciences 6.11 (2022): 11-17.
Marjan (Coral): A Valuable Unani Medicine Having Multifarious Medicinal Uses

15

Quruh wa Nazfuddam (Wounds and hemorrhagic conditions) S.N Dose and

Name of
The powder is sprinkled on wound to remove the debris of mode of Action and uses
compound
tissues [14]. It gives beneficial effect in the management of external administration
bleeding also. In the quantity of 1 ¾ gm along with Katira (Sterculia 1 It has cardiac
urens Roxb. gum) is taken to stop Nazfuddam (hemorrhage) [13]. stimulant, nerve
tonic, digestive
Anushdaru
Amrad-i-Mafasil wa Izzam (Joints and bone diseases) activities, so used in
Luluwi 5-10 g/orally
stomach weakness,
Zakaria Razi has mentioned that, Marjan is useful to cure Niqris [8]
cardiac weakness,
(gout), when tied on affected foot and it acts by Zulkhassa (specific loss of appetite,
characteristic) [12]. general weakness
2 Dawa-ul-Misk
Miqdar Khurak (Dose) It is cardiac tonic and
Barid Jawahar 5g in the
brain tonic and used
Kushta Marjan 1/2-1 gm [1] (maximum 3 gm) with butter or wali morning
in palpitation.
[18]
Khamira Gaozaban Ambari 5 gm.
3 It is cardiac tonic and
Dawa-ul-Misk 5g in the
Mazarrat (Adverse effects and toxicity) brain tonic and used
Barid sada [8] morning
in palpitation.
It causes nausea and harmful for kidney [1,14], throat [12] and
4 It is cardiac tonic and
urinary bladder [2]. According to some it causes harmful effect on Dawa-ul-Misk
brain tonic and used
nerves [12]. Har Jawahar 5g in th
in palpitation and
wali morning
all melancholic and
Musleh (Correctives) [8]
phlegmatic disorders
For kidney and throat, Katira (Sterculia urens Roxb. gum) and 5 It is cardiac tonic and
Tabashir (Bumboosa arundinacea) are used as corrective [1] and brain tonic and used
Dawa-ul-Misk 5g in the
for nausea Darchini (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) is used. Anisun in palpitation and
Har Sada [8] morning
(Pimpinella anisum), Katira and Samagh Arabi (Cassia arabica) are all melancholic and
phlegmatic disorders
used as corrective for nerve [2,12,14], Sat-i-Gilo, [11] Juicy and wet
6 It is tonic of Vital
things are also considered as corrective. One pill (each
Habb-e-Jawahar organs and used for
36mg) at
[7] weakness of vital
Badal (Substitute) morning/orally
organs
Kahruba (Vateria indica L.), and Dammul Akhwain (Dracena
7 It is a general tonic
cinnabari) are used as substitute [1,2,12]. and analgesic, used
Jawahar mohra for the weakness of
Murakkabat (Compound formulations) 60-120mg
[8] vital organs, general
Anushdaru Luluwi, Dawa-i-Marjan, Dawa-ul-Misk Barid Jawahar weakness, epilepsy
wali, Dawa-ul-Misk Har Sada, Dawa-ul-Misk Har Jawaharwali, etc.

Dawa-ul-Misk Barid Sada, Habb-i-Kabar [18], Habb-i-Jawahar, 8 It is a general tonic

Khamira
and used for
Jawahar Mohra, Khamira Abresham Hakim Arshadwala, Khamira Abresham
melancholia,
Abresham Ood Mastagiwala, Kushta Marjan Sada, Kushta Marjan Hakim 3-6g
Khafaqan, weakness
Qalbi, Kushta Marjan Jawaharwala, Majun Murawwahul Arwah, Arshadwala
of vital organs and
[8]
Majun Hamal Ambari, Mufarriḥ Barid, Mufarriḥ Yaquti, Mufarriḥ general weakness
Yaquti Motadil, Mufarriḥ Seikhur Rais, Qurs Kahruba, Shayyaf 9 It is a cardiac tonic,
Khamira
Ahmar Layyin; Taryaqur Rehm [6,15]. (See Table 1 for detail). Stomachic and used
Abresham Ood 7-10g early
for melancholia,
mastagiwala morning
fearfulness, external
[19]
hemorrhoid.

Citation: Mohd Afsahul Kalam., et al. “Marjan (Coral): A Valuable Unani Medicine Having Multifarious Medicinal Uses". Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical
Sciences 6.11 (2022): 11-17.
Marjan (Coral): A Valuable Unani Medicine Having Multifarious Medicinal Uses

16

10 It has visio 20 It has astringent, re-

Q.S. for local
Kohlul Jawahar improving effect tentive, aphrodisiac
application in
[8] so useful in low eye properties and used
eyes only
vision. in spermatorrhoea,
2 tablets twice a
11 Being as general Qurs Jiryan [9] excessive nocturnal
day/orally
tonic it is used in emission, premature
general body ejaculation, less
Kushta Marjan viscosity of semen,
Orally weakness, stomach
Jawaharwala [8] sexual debility.
weakness
cardiac weakness 21 It has anti-hemor-
and chronic coryza Qurs Kahruba rhagic, so useful
5-7g
12 Being as general [19] for hemorrhagic
tonic it is used in diseases
Kushta Marjan general weakness, 22 It has febrifuge
Orally
Sada [8] cardiac weakness, Murattib
chronic coryza and Exhilarant
spermatorrhoea Qurs Tabasheer Analgesic
13 125 mg with Kafuri Luluvi 3-5g Astringent
Kushta Marjan [8] Styptic properties
butter, used -
Qalbi [19] and used for Fever
orally
Tuberculosis
14 It is an uterine tonic
Palpitation
so very effective in
Majun Hamal 23 It has ciccatrizant
5-10g weakness of uterus
Ambari [8] and diuretic ptoper-
and habitual
abortion. ties and useful for
Qurs-i-Sozak [9] 4 tablets/orally burning micturition,
15 It is a general tonic,
retention of urine,
Majun aphrodisiac, so used
urethral ulcer,
Murawwahul 5-10g for cardiac weakness
urethritis
Arwah [19] general weakness
and sexual weakness. It is analgesic to
3 g with luke- chest and has expec-
16 It is a nerve tonic and
Sadri [9] warm water torant properties,
useful for cardiac
Mufarriḥ Barid twice a day hence used in cough
5-10g weakness,
[8] and asthma.
palpitation, nerve
weakness 24 Being an
Shayyaf Ahmar Local applica- anti-inflammatory
17 It is a general
Layyin [19] tion drug it is applied to
tonic and useful for
Mufarriḥ treat conjunctivitis
3g cardiac weakness,
Seikhur Rais [8] 25 It is an Eye toner and
palpitation, and
tuberculosis detergent so useful
Q.S. for local
Surma-e-Noora- in night blindness,
18 It is a cardiac tonic application in
ni [9] pterygium, corneal
Mufarriḥ Yaquti so useful for cardiac eyes only
3-5g opacity, cataract,
[8] weakness and
weak eyesight.
general weakness
26 Being a Habis
19 It is a general tonic
Taryaqur Rahim 2g powder/ Ratubat-i-rehm drug
and useful for the
[9] orally it is used in
weakness of vital
Mufarriḥ Yaquti leucorrhoea.
5-10g organ, general
Motadil [8]
weakness, Table 1: Showing compound formulations of Marjan, form/parts
palpitation, used, mode of administration, action and indication.
loss of appetite

Citation: Mohd Afsahul Kalam., et al. “Marjan (Coral): A Valuable Unani Medicine Having Multifarious Medicinal Uses". Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical
Sciences 6.11 (2022): 11-17.
Marjan (Coral): A Valuable Unani Medicine Having Multifarious Medicinal Uses

17

Mineralogy of marjan (Coral) 6. Kabiruddin HM. “Bayaze Kabir”. New Delhi: Idara Kitabus
Shifa 1 (1935).
Calcium carbonate is the main ingredient found in Marjan
(coral), it contains approximately 80-90% of calcium as CaCO3 7. Anonymous. National Formulary of Unani Medicine-Part V.
[10]. Other constituents are magnesium (as MgO), Silica (as SiO2), New Delhi: Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine
Phosphorus (as P2O3), Alumina (as Al2O3), Ferric Oxide (as Fe2O3), (2008): 10, 11, 45.
Sulphur (S), Potassium peroxide (K2O) etc. [20] the red colour is
8. Anonymous. National Formulary of Unani Medicine-Part IV.
due to the presence of Iron [10].
New Delhi: Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine
(2006): 44, 60,72,108,127,146,151,231
Conclusion
9. Anonymous. National Formulary of Unani Medicine-Part VI.
On the basis of above findings it is concluded that Marjan can
New Delhi: Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine
be use in a vast range of diseases single as well as in compound (2011): 32, 35, 49, 67, 68.
formulation. Due to presence of Ca and Iron Marjan is very
beneficial for whole the body. It provides nutrition for the muscles, 10. Nadkarni K. “Indian Materia Medica”. Panvel: Dhootpapeshwar
especially cardiac muscles and also increases hemoglobin level Prakashan Ltd: 156-158.

in case of anemia. It also dissolves clotted blood from heart and 11. Rafiquddin HM. “Kanzul Advia Mufrada”. Aligarh: University
brain that is why it is used as main ingredient in various Unani Publication Unit. (1985): 166,167.
compound formulation which may be useful for the treatment of
several diseases especially vital organs. 12. Khan Azam HM. Muheet-i-Azam”. New Delhi: Central Council
for Research in Unani Medicine 4 (2012).
Acknowledgement
13. Khan Azam HM. “Muheet-i-Azam”. New Delhi: Central Council
Being an author of correspondence, I thank to our Assistant for Research in Unani Medicine 4 (2018): 569.
Director and In Charge, RRIUM, Srinagar for providing the
14. Abdul Hakim M. “Bustanul Mufradat”. New Delhi: Idara Kitabus
necessary facilities e.g. books in library and internet for browsing
Shifa. (2011): 92.
in the institute.
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Citation: Mohd Afsahul Kalam., et al. “Marjan (Coral): A Valuable Unani Medicine Having Multifarious Medicinal Uses". Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical
Sciences 6.11 (2022): 11-17.

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