ECTE233Tutorial [abe] UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG TN DUBAT ECTE233 Digital Hardware Tutorial 2 - Solution 1. Prove the following theorems algebraically: a) XW'+¥, b) X+x¥ co) X¥+X¥'=Xx d) (A+ BA+B" Solution (a) X(X’ + Y) = XN" + XY =0+ XY = XY (b) X+.X¥=XU+Y) =X =X (c) X¥+XY' = X(¥ + ¥7) = XU (d) (A + BA + BY) =AA + AB’ + AB + BB’ = A + AB’ + AB + BB’ =A(L+ B+ B)+0= AI) =A ‘Simplify each of the following expressions by applying one of the theorems. a) X’Y’Z+ (x'¥'z)! b) (AB’ + CD)(B'E + CD) ©) ACE + AC'F ad AC +D'R) +A’ e) (AB+C+D)(A'B+D) f) (A+ BC)+ (DE + F(A + BCY Solution (a) 1 (Law 5) (b) CD + AB’E (Law 8D) (technically, we also used Law 3D) (c) AF (Uniting (1) (d) C+ DB + A’ (Uniting (1) (c) A’B + D (Absorption (2)) (1) A + BC + DE + F (Elimination (3)) Laws of Boolean Algebra ‘Operations with 0 and 1 Uxe0=X Uniting = AYE AY =X 15) 2xeet Absorption X+XV=N @16) Xe ok Idempotent las Bx tXeX 20.X-X=X teoton Binimion x4e=4Y GID Laws of complementarity 5.x+X a1 Consensus AY 4N°Z + YZ = XV ANZ ‘commutative laws: Ox+YaYeXx 60. xY = ¥x “Assocative laws: 1.4 Y)4Z=X 40042) 70. 01 = XYZ) = 02 ExeYeZ Distributive laws: BX + 2) =X AE 80. K+ Z= OF + YH +Z) DeMorgan’s laws 9.061 =x" 90. XV)" =x" +¥ Oem Vy =x M4 Yee aw eer Cree 2104 Zh = OE NU +2) Dr Obada Al Khatib[ea UNIVERSITY Pf oF WoLLONconc INDUBAL ECTE233Tutorial 3. Multiply out and simplify to obtain a sum of products: a) (A+ B)(C + B)(D' + B)(ACD' +B) b) G+ BHC VHC +D)B' +’) Solution (a) (4+ B)(C +B) '+ B)(ACD' +B) = (AC + B) (D’ + B) (ACD' + E) By Dist. Law = (ACD! + B) (ACD! + E) By Dist. Law = ACD' + BE By Dist. Law (be) ('+B+C)('+C'+D)B'+D) = (A4'+ C'+ BD) (B'+ D) {By Distributive Law with X= 4’ + C’) + BIC’ + BBD + A'D' + C'D' + BDD' A'B’ + A'D! + C'B'+ CD’ 4. Factor each of the following expressions to obtain a product of sums: a) W+U'YV b) TW+UY+V c) A'B'C + BCD’ +B" d) ABC + ADE' + ABF' Solution @ W+UY=0r+ LVGr+ N+P) @) T+ur+r = (THUFE(TV TVA UH IVT) (9 ABC + BCD’ + BE = BC + CD'+ BE) (@) ABC + ADE’ + ABF’ = A(BC + DE’ + BF’) = BU" + C'+ D9) = AIDE’ + BC + F)] = BEE'+ QE'+ A+) = ADE" + BYDE’ + C+ F) ~AB | DXB | EMC 1 Pht DMC | PY EY 5. Use only DeMorgan’s relationships and Involution to find the complements of the following functions: a) f(A,B,C,D) = [A+ (BCDY'ICADY + BCC’ + AY] b) F(A,B,C,D) = AB'C + (4' + B+ D)ABD' + B') Solution [4 + (BCD MAD)’ + BC+ AN" (hy f= [AB'C + (A'+ B + D)(ABD' + BY] A + (BCD) + [(4D)' + B(C"+A)]' = pEraita 4 BI ABCD)" + (AD)'TB(C + A)" eed 4 4 = (A+ B" + COA! + B+ Dy! + (ABDYB" ICD + AD[B' + (C’ + A)’ = ABCD + ae sca] ; = '+B + Ci[A'BD' + (A+ BY + DB] = ABCD + ADB’ + CA] = (4'+ B+ C)ABD' + (A'+ B'+ DB) Dr Obada Al Khatib Page |2IVERSITY. ‘WOLLONGONG TN DUBAT ECTEZ33TUtorial 6. Derive 2 minimum SOP expression for /- ce De B “11-4 Be [ > Solution f = ACABY' + [(AB)’. BCAB + BY + C)] + [CAB + BY +0).C'] f = ACA +B") + [4 +B"). (AB + BC)] + [ABC' + B'C'] ‘f= AB + A'BC + ABC’ + BIC’ 7. Analyze the logic circuit given below and extract an expression that represents the circuit function Simplify the function and implement using the minimum number of gates possible. Fi = ((AB)' + [(CY' + B')'}.(CAC'D) = {(4B)’ + [6 + BY}. CAC'D) = (C48) + 6'R}.(AC'D) [(4’ +.B") + C'B].(AC'D) = ABIC'D + ABC'D = AC’D(B + B') = ACD So, we need only one 3-input OR gate (assuming the complemented inputs are already available). Dr Obada Al KhatibUNIVERSITY, ‘OF WOLLONGONG INDUBAT ECTE233Tutorial 8. Draw a circuit to realize the function: F = ABC +A'BC + AB'C + ABC’ using one OR gate and three AND gates. The AND gates should have two inputs. Solution F = ABC + A'BC + AB'C + ABC! BC + AB'C + ABC’ (By Uniting Theorem) CB + AB) + ABC’ = C (A+ B) + ABC’ (By Elimination Theorem) AC + BC + ABC'= AC + B(C +. AC) =AC + B(A + ©) = AC + AB + BC Bo c Ad c AY Bo tH Dr Obada Al Knatib(aoe) UNIVERSITY (OF WOLLONGONG. TN DUBAT ECTE233Tutorial 9. Sketch a transistor-level schematic for: a CMOS 4-input NOR gate. a CMOS logic gate implementing the function: Y = (AB +C).D Solution a. aepenlel. al Aree Te Arb Cap oe te Eno, ety T= keea fe Vp u maa WD = series : Solution b. rer Y= 579.) Ye G@arod en TAG E)ED =p VoD peal taf pq rf Dr Obada Al Khao Page |S