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Structure

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11 views2 pages

Structure

Uploaded by

Jessica Odan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Structure - arrangement and organization of interrelated elements in a material object, a

reading text, a song,etc


Fiction - reading materials created from the imagination.
Examples: The stories portrayed in Star Wars, Lion King and Beauty and the Beast
Nonfiction - materials contain factual stories focused on actual events and people. They are
written in many and creative ways

Types of Informational Text Structures:


1. Descriptive is a text structure that describes something. It starts with an introduction and
provides descriptions of the subject, idea, or character in the text. It makes use of vivid
words. Signal words used are:
for example,
in particular,
for instance,
to illustrate,
such as,
most important,
another
above, below, behind.
2. Sequence is a text structure that covers few purposes such as sequential instructions,
chronological events, and arguments that use evidences to support a claim. The writer may
use signal words that include first, next, last, another, then, finally.

3. Cause and Effect is a text structure that explains why an action happened and provides
the result of that action. This structure becomes complex when the effect has multiple causes
or vice versa. Key words of these texts include therefore, as a result, lead(s) to, because of, in
order to, for these reasons, thus, if-then, may be due to.

4. Compare and Contrast is a text structure that involves a comparison of two or more
persons, animals, things, or concepts, revealing how they are similar and how they are
different. This structure is useful in all subjects. Key words include like, similar to, unlike, in
contrast, whereas, while, although, different from, as opposed to, instead of, however, as well
as, either/or more, less, and as [adjective] as.
5. Problem and Solution is a text structure that involves two parts: the author identifies a
problem and details a solution. Key words for this type of structure include the problem is, the
difficulty is, it is possible to, if-then, one challenge is, therefore.

6. Chronological When information in a passage is organized by the time in which each


event occurred, it is organized chronologically. This type is most common in historical
recounts. Signal words like before, following, additionally indicates the sequence of events
being narrated. In the example below, the sequence of events is made obvious by the dates.

Example of chronological:
The Battle of Bessang Pass
The initial fighting started in February 1945 around the town of Cervantes. At the same time, the
121st Infantry was driving out the Japanese in Tagudin, Ilocos Sur on the western lowlands of the Pass, the
other guerilla forces were clearing Ilocos Norte, the rest of Ilocos and Abra around the Tangadan area. By
March, the harder part of the battle commenced.
After liberating San Fernando, La Union, on March 29, the USFIP-NL forces started the all-out assault
for Bessang Pass. Their advance was steady, gradual and costly. Without air support at first, they attacked
Example of Descriptive:
The Heart
The heart is a hallow muscular organ. It is located between the lungs and is protected by the rib
cage. It is about the size of your fist. The movement of the heart can be felt on the left side of your chest.

Example of Sequence:
The Water Cycle
The water cycle shows the continuous movement of water within the Earth and atmosphere. It is a
complex system that includes many different processes. Liquid water evaporates into water vapor,
condenses to form clouds, and precipitates back to earth in the form of rain and snow. Water in different
phases moves through the atmosphere (transportation). Liquid water flows across land (runoff), into the
ground (infiltration and percolation), and through the ground (groundwater). Groundwater moves into
plants (plant uptake) and evaporates from plants into the atmosphere (transpiration). Solid ice and snow
can turn directly into gas (sublimation). The opposite can also take place when water vapor becomes solid
(deposition).

Example of Problem-Solution

Example of cause and effect


Forest Fires
In 1997, a fire set intentionally to clear forests in Indonesia. However, the fires escalated
into one of the largest wildfires in recorded history. Hundreds of people died; millions of acres
burned; already at-risk species like orangutans perished by the hundreds; and a smoke and ash
haze hung over southeast Asia for months.

Example of comparison and contrast


Crocodiles and Alligators
Crocodiles and alligators are among the largest reptiles on earth. They are both lizard – like and
thrive in most streams of Africa. They seem to be the same but their characteristics are
different. Alligators have broad, short snouts while crocodiles have long, tapering snouts. When
crocodiles close their mouth, their bottom teeth stick out. You cannot see alligators bottom
teeth unless they open their mouth in which case you’d better run!

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