DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING CHENGANNUR

ECQ413 SEMINAR

HUMANOID ROBOTS

Presented by, Guided by,

ASWIN R PILLAI Dr. Shanu N
Roll no: 19 Assistant Professor
S7 B Dept: of Electronics Engineering
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CONTENT
 Introduction
 Literature Survey
 History and evolutoin
 The Need for humanoid robots
 Components of humanoid robots
 Key Technologies in humanoid robotics
 Application
 Benefits
 Disadvantages
 Challenges
 Future in Humanoid robotic
 Refrences 2
INTRODUCTION

• Humanoid robots are robots designed to resemble and imitate the human
body and its movements.
• Built to interact and collaborate with humans in various environments,
from homes to industries.

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 LITERATURE SURVEY
NO TITLE JOURNAL AND AUTHOR FINDINGS
DATE
1. Advancements in IEEE/CAA Yuchuang Tong, Comprehensive review of humanoid
Humanoid Robots: A Journal of Haotian Liu, robotics, covering key technologies such as
Comprehensive Review Automatica Sinica Zhengtao Zhang ontology structure, control mechanisms,
and Future Prospects 2024 and interaction capabilities; identifies
challenges like energy efficiency and
proposes future directions focusing on
bionics and brain-inspired intelligence

2. Comprehensive review of IEEE Transactions H. Qiao et al. Reviewed advancements in brain-inspired

humanoid robotics, on Cybernetics robotics, integrating vision, decision-
covering key 2022 making, motion control, and
technologies such as musculoskeletal systems.
ontology structure, 4

control mechanisms, and

interaction capabilities;
NO TITLE JOURNAL AND AUTHOR FINDINGS
DATE
3. Learning Complex IEEE Robotics and C. Yang et al. Developed a learning-based approach for legged
Motor Skills for Automation Letters robots to recover from falls, promoting safety
Fall Recovery 2023 and robustness in real-world environments.

4. Flexible Electronic IEEE Journal R. Dahiya et al Focused on electronic skin (e-skin) for
Skin for 2019 humanoid robots, capable of detecting and
Humanoids processing tactile sensations, enhancing
interaction and dexterity.

5. Cognitive Exercise IEEE Transactions on F. Yuan et al. Examined the application of social robots for
for Persons with Robotics cognitive exercises in Alzheimer’s patients,
Alzheimer’s Using 2023 demonstrating positive impacts on engagement
a Social Robot and cognitive health

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 HISTORY AND EVOLUTION

 1921: First concept of "robot" introduced in literature.

 1970s: Development of robotic limbs and early humanoid prototypes.

 2000s-present: Advanced models like ASIMO, Atlas, Sophia.

 Current Trends: AI integration, machine learning for adaptive behaviors.

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 THE NEED FOR HUMANOID ROBOTS
 Humanoid robots are designed to resemble human form and behavior. This makes
them effective in roles like healthcare, education, and customer service.

 Humanoid robots are built to navigate spaces designed for humans.

 They can interact with and use tools and devices meant for human use without major
adjustments.

 They can work continuously without fatigue, enhancing productivity and efficiency
in various sectors.
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 THE NEED FOR HUMANOID ROBOTS
 Perform tasks in hazardous areas where human safety is at risk.

 Perform intricate tasks that require precision and coordination, such as handling

delicate objects, assisting in surgeries.

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 COMPONENTS OF A HUMANOID ROBOT
 Physical Structure: Joints, arms, legs, torso, and head.

 Sensors: Vision (cameras), touch (pressure sensors), balance (gyroscopes).

 Actuators: Motors and mechanisms that enable movement.

 Power source: Battery and energy storage

 Control Systems: Microcontrollers, processors etc.

 Software: AI, machine learning algorithms, voice recognition, etc.

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 Communication System: Wi-Fi, HRI .
COMPONENTS OF A HUMANOID ROBOT
1. Physical Structure
 The mechanical design of humanoid robots mimics human anatomy, focusing on
replicating joints, limbs, and the torso.
 Advanced materials like aluminum alloys and polymers help create lighter, more energy-
efficient robots without sacrificing durability.
 Most humanoid robots use bipedal locomotion i.e. two legs for walking to navigate
human environments effectively.
 High degrees of freedom in the joints (like shoulders, elbows, knees) allows humanoid
robots to perform complex, human-like movements.
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COMPONENTS OF A HUMANOID ROBOT
2. Sensors
 Devices like cameras, LiDAR are used for visual perception, 3D mapping and
navigation in complex environments.

 Inertial Measurement Units comprised of accelerometers and gyroscopes help

monitor body position and movement, aiding in balance and stability.
 Force and Torque sensors often located in the feet or joints, allow robots to detect
ground force and adjust their movements to maintain balance.
 Touch sensors located in areas like the hands and arms allow robots to sense
physical contact. 11
COMPONENTS OF A HUMANOID ROBOT
2. Sensors
 Pressure Sensors help the robot understand how much force is applied during tasks
like gripping or lifting, preventing damage to delicate objects or harm to people
 Microphones enable robots to recognize and respond to voice commands, enhancing
human-robot interaction.
 Ultrasonic and IR sensors are used for detecting nearby obstacles.
 Temperature and humidity sensors help humanoid robots to monitor
environmental conditions.
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 COMPONENTS OF A HUMANOID ROBOT
3. Actuators
 Electric Actuators are commonly used for precise control and efficient energy use,
for joint movements in arms and fingers.
 Hydraulic Actuators provide high force and are suited for heavy-duty applications.
 Pneumatic Actuators can mimic soft, human-like motion suited for finger
movement
 Emerging technologies such as electroactive polymers mimic human muscle
movement and can enable softer, more flexible robotic motion.
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COMPONENTS OF A HUMANOID ROBOT
4. Power Source

 Battery Pack: Typically, lithium-ion or advanced solid-state batteries provide the

necessary power for movement, sensors, and processing.

 Power Management System: Monitors energy use and allocates power to different

components, optimizing the robot’s battery life.

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 COMPONENTS OF A HUMANOID ROBOT
5. Control System
 Microcontrollers and Processors: The "brains" of the robot, managing all
processing tasks.
 Motion Control System: A subsystem within the controller that manages the timing
and precision of movements, including limb coordination and balance.
 Embedded Operating System: Custom or specialized OS (like ROS - Robot
Operating System) enables efficient processing and management of various sensors,
motors, and algorithms.

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 COMPONENTS OF A HUMANOID ROBOT
6. Software and Artificial Intelligence
 Artificial Intelligence (AI): Enables the robot to learn from interactions, make
decisions, and adapt its behavior.
 Machine Learning Algorithms: These algorithms allow the robot to improve its skills
over time by learning from new data and experiences.
 Natural Language Processing (NLP): Enables the robot to understand and respond
to spoken commands, making communication with humans easier and more intuitive.
 Motion Planning Algorithms: Calculate and coordinate limb movements for smooth
and realistic actions like walking, picking up objects, and interacting with the
environment. 16
 COMPONENTS OF A HUMANOID ROBOT
7. Communication System

 Wireless Connectivity (Wi-Fi/Bluetooth): Provides connectivity for remote

monitoring, updates, or controlling the robot from a distance.

 Human-Robot Interface (HRI): Often includes touchscreen displays, gesture

recognition, or voice commands to make human interaction more natural and user-
friendly.
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KEY TECHNOLOGIES IN HUMANOID ROBOTS

 Reinforcement learning: Type of machine learning where an agent learns to make

decisions by interacting with an environment
 Demonstration learning: Technique where a robot learns to perform tasks by
observing and mimicking a human demonstrator or another robot.
 Natural Language Processing (NLP): Allows understanding and generating human
language.
 Motion Control: Uses robotics algorithms to coordinate movements and balance.
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APPLICATIONS OF HUMANOID ROBOTS
1. Healthcare:
 Assisting elderly or disabled individuals.
 Acting as companions or performing rehabilitation exercises.
2. Customer Service:
 Acting as greeters or service representatives in stores or events.
3. Manufacturing:
 Performing repetitive or dangerous tasks.
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BENEFITS
 Adaptability: Flexible use in environments designed for humans.
 Human-like Interaction: Can foster better communication and empathy.
 Assistance in Hazardous Environments: Can perform tasks in dangerous or
inaccessible areas.
 24/7 Availability: Doesn’t require rest, ideal for continuous operations.

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 DISADVANTAGES
1. High Cost of Development and Maintenance
 Expensive Technology:
 Maintenance Costs:
2. Complexity and Limitations in Movement
 Balance and Stability Issues:
 Energy Consumption
3. Limited Autonomy and Adaptability
 Programming Constraints 21

 Slow Learning Process

 DISADVANTAGES
4. Safety Concerns
 Physical Risks:
 Security Vulnerabilities
5. Ethical and Social Implications
 Job Displacement
 Privacy Issues

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CHALLENGES

 Complexity and Cost: High costs due to sophisticated technology.

 Mobility Issues: Balancing on two legs is mechanically challenging.
 Ethical Concerns: Privacy, security, and potential job displacement.
 Reliability and Safety: Must be safe and reliable in human environments .

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FUTURE OF HUMANOID ROBOTS
 Advancements Expected:
1. Enhanced AI for more autonomous behavior.
2. Improved material science for lighter and stronger robots.
3. Better energy efficiency and battery life.
 Potential Impact: Wider integration in daily life, redefining human-robot
interaction.
 Ethics & Regulations: Future policies for safe and ethical use.

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CONCLUSION
 Humanoid robots are revolutionizing industries and daily life, with
potential to transform various fields.
 The future of humanoid robots depends on technological advances and
addressing ethical concerns.

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 REFRENCES
 G.-Z. Yang, “Robot learning-Beyond imitation,” Sci. Robot., vol.4,no.26, p. eaaw3520, Jan.
2019.
 A. Vishwanath, A. Singh, Y. H. V. Chua, J. Dauwels, and N.Magnenat-Thalmann, “Humanoid
co-workers: How is it like to work with a robot?” in Proc. 28th IEEE Int. Conf. Robot and
Human Interactive Communication, New Delhi, India, 2019,
 S. Sathyavenkateshwaren and S. Malathi, “Humanoid robot: A survey on communication,
tracking and voice recognition,” in Proc. 3rd Int.Conf. Inventive Computation Technologies,
Coimbatore, India, 2018, pp. 555–560.
 G. Taga, Y. Yamaguchi, and H. Shimizu, “Self-organized control ofbipedal locomotion by
neural oscillators in unpredictable environment,” Biol. Cybern., vol.65, no.3, pp.147–159, Jul.
1991.

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 REFERENCES
 J. Banks, “Optimus primed: Media cultivation of robot mental models and social judgments,” Front. Robot. AI, vol.
7, p. 62, May 2020.[46]
 X. Shu, F. Ni, X. Fan, S. Yang, C. Liu, B. Tu, Y. Liu, and H. Liu, “Aversatile humanoid robot platform for dexterous
manipulation and human-robot collaboration,” CAAI Trans. Intell. Technol., 2023. DOI:10.1049/cit2.12214
 C. Fu and K. Chen, “Gait synthesis and sensory control of stair climbing for a humanoid robot,” IEEE Trans. Ind.
Electron., vol.55,no.5, pp.2111–2120, May 2008.
 K. Hirai, M. Hirose, Y. Haikawa, and T. Takenaka, “The development of Honda humanoid robot,” in Proc. IEEE Int.
Conf. Robotics and Automation, Leuven, Belgium, 1998, pp. 1321–1326.
 K. Hirai, “The Honda humanoid robot: Development and future perspective,” Ind. Robot, vol.26, no.4, pp.260–266,
Jun. 1999.

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 THANK YOU!
ANY QUESTIONS?

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