90 years

Industrial Metrology
at Carl Zeiss

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 Dear Customer, Dear Reader,

Among the many undisputed achievements of Carl Zeiss are the advancement of optics, science
and technology in many fields – often with truly revolutionary ideas – and the ability to open up
new fields of application.

Company founder Carl Zeiss long ago realized that the state-of-the-art industrial production of
high-quality microscope optics can only be efficiently and successfully achieved on a scientific foun-
dation. This led him to hire physicist Ernst Abbe as a partner and part owner in his company. Glass-
maker Otto Schott, who had sought contact with Jena, further advanced the construction of optical
instruments with the development and manufacture of special types of glass.

Physicist, entrepreneur and social reformer Ernst Abbe founded the Carl Zeiss Foundation in 1889.
With a social responsibility that far exceeded the conventions of the times, he set examples that
served as models for industry and society at the end of the 19th century. His ingenious develop-
ments in the fields of science and optics are still valid today.

In 2009, Carl Zeiss will celebrate the 90th anniversary of its Industrial Metrology Group. However,
the cornerstone for today’s measuring technology in industry was laid by Ernst Abbe already in
1890 with the formulation of the comparator principle named after him.

Otto Eppenstein headed the precision measuring department called “Feinmess Department”
founded in 1919 for a total of 19 years, during which he applied for 78 patents. These were of key
importance for the development of industrial metrology. Many of the measuring machines he devel-
oped had such advanced designs and technology that they continued to be built without modifica-
tions for decades. Eppenstein was also the source of the “golden rule of production” which states
that the inaccuracy of the measuring machine used must be no more than one tenth of the toler-
ance to be inspected on the test piece.

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 Carl Zeiss played a key role in the stormy times of the still young industrial development. Carl Zeiss
has been inextricably linked with renowned industrial companies right from the outset, e.g. with
Bosch, Daimler and Siemens.

Today, 90 years after the founding of the Feinmess Department, Carl Zeiss Industrial Metrology, with
its three production sites and a global focus, is a key pillar of Carl Zeiss. Highly skilled colleagues in
sales, technical service and application technology provide assistance around the globe. They fully
understand your work, advise you and aspire to fulfill your requests and satisfy your requirements.
Our local organizations render the services locally that you need for productive and efficient industri-
al manufacturing and quality assurance. These organizations are integrated into the global structure
of Carl Zeiss with its balanced, broad product portfolio.

Almost 30,000 installations of measuring machines around the world testify to the trust placed in
the problem solutions, products and services from Carl Zeiss Industrial Metrology. We would like to
thank you for the trust you have placed in our company. And we promise that we will do everything
in our power to ensure that we will continue to earn this trust in the future.

Dr. Rainer Ohnheiser

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 Revolution in Precision Measuring
New fields of business for Carl Zeiss
The success story of what is now Carl Zeiss Industrial Metrology (IMT) began in 1919 at the
Spring Fair in Leipzig with a few measuring machines displayed on a small table. Back then, 90
years ago, Carl Zeiss presented its production measuring technology for the first time. Numer-
ous customers from the field of industry who were on the lookout for new products in Leipzig
were absolutely amazed.
Strictly speaking, the entry of Carl Zeiss into the field of Industrial Metrology was a total ac-
cident. At the turn of the century, the Carl Zeiss factory in Jena enjoyed high growth rates.
Production increased strongly with the start of the First World War, primarily due to the manu-
facture of military equipment. This came to an abrupt end in 1918. With the defeat of the
German Empire, production aimed at the army and navy declined dramatically. In order to com-
pensate for this sudden loss of income, Carl Zeiss was forced to look for new fields of activity:
household items, furniture and artificial limbs were proposed as substitute products. However,
only one idea promised sustained success: the manufacture of precision measuring machines
for industry.

Accurate measurements enable efficient production

Since the turn of the century, several sectors of industry implemented high-volume assembly
lines, with which enormous increases in productivity had been achieved in the USA. In accor-
dance with the principle of interchangeable component manufacture, parts produced on an
assembly line independently of each other had to fit together precisely without any need for
reworking during the assembly of a car or machine tool. Precision was an absolute must. Pre-
cisely monitoring the tolerances and quality in the production process demanded high-quality
measuring machines.
At first, manufacturers were satisfied with the measuring equipment they produced them-
selves. However, as demands on precision increased, the quality of such instruments no
longer sufficed. Otto Eppenstein, head of the rangefinder department at Carl Zeiss until
the end of the war spotted the gap in the market and began setting up the new business
unit. It produced simple goniometers, dial gages, screw gages and try squares. Carl Zeiss

In 1846, mechanic Carl Zeiss (1816–1888) founded a workshop for precision mechanics and optics in Jena, which developed into a global enterprise within a few
4 decades. At the end of the 19th century, microscopes, eyeglasses, binoculars and other precision mechanical-optical products from Jena dominated global markets.
This photo was taken around 1847.

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 Left: Ernst Abbe (1840–1905), Carl Zeiss' ingenious business partner. Without the physicist, the company's rise
would not have been possible. His pioneering developments in microscopy revolutionized the construction of
microscopes. Abbe proposed generally valid physical principles, upon which microscope lenses could be manufac-
tured en masse. Until then, the perfect combination of lenses was achieved through a tedious process of trial and
error. Abbe also demonstrated his entrepreneurial skills when he founded the Carl Zeiss Foundation as the sole
owner of the company Carl Zeiss in 1889 and transferred his shares in Schott Glassworks to the foundation.

Center: At the beginning of the 1880s, Carl Zeiss and Ernst Abbe teamed up with Otto Schott (1851–1935), an
excellent glass specialist who produced high-quality glass for their company in his own factory. Until then, there
had been no glass materials specially developed for optical instruments. In 1920, Otto Schott's shares in the
company were also transferred to the Carl Zeiss Foundation. This made the foundation the sole owner of both
companies.

Right: Since the end of the 19th century, Carl Zeiss has developed into a modern large company with effective
manufacturing processes. The company premises became the dominant center of the city of Jena. This even led to
the construction of high-rises such as Building 15 which was erected during World War I and accommodated the
optical production divisions. 5

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 was able to utilize many years of experience. The company had already manufactured measur-
ing equipment for its own use since the 1890s. Ernst Abbe had formulated one of the most
important basic rules of metrology with the comparator principle which describes errors caused by
tilting.

Founding of Feinmess
The precision measuring department called Feinmess had a very modest beginning. This all changed
at the Leipzig trade fair with one visitor who would have a pronounced impact on the development
of the Feinmess Department. The Carl Zeiss booth attracted the attention of Berlin-based tool com-
pany Schuchardt & Schütte which encouraged Carl Zeiss to expand the production of the exhibited
measuring machines, with Schuchardt & Schütte as the sole distributor of the precision measuring
equipment. The Berliners recognized the potential of the instruments and became an official partner
of Carl Zeiss on May 23, 1919. This partnership lasted almost 10 years. It was their dedication that
led to the rapid increase in demand from industry for the precision measuring instruments from
ZEISS. Schuchardt & Schütte, whose engineers were very familiar with the production procedures of
their customers, constantly provided feedback on how the instruments could best meet customer
requirements.

Precision measuring machines from Jena for the world

Innovative from the beginning
As the specialist for optics, it was only logical for Carl Zeiss to integrate optics into precision measur-
ing technology which until then had been dominated by precision engineering. By the beginning of
Top: In 1847, Carl Zeiss began
manufacturing simple microscopes
1919, the designers in the Feinmess Department had integrated technical optics into the measuring
with magnifying glasses. instruments and therefore began the construction of advanced instruments. With almost 80 pat-
ents, Eppenstein, in particular, played a key role in the development of industrial measuring tech-
Bottom: An order for more than nology. He developed the Eppenstein Principle which simplified the measurement of longer lengths
10,000 screw gages for internal
testing in November 1918 provided
using optical equipment and eliminated first order errors. He was also the source of the “golden rule
the spark that led to the founding of production” which states that the inaccuracy of the measuring machine must be no more than
of the Feinmess Department. one tenth of the tolerance to be inspected on the test piece.

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 Left: Until 1930, tool manufacturer Schuchardt & Schütte was responsible for the sales of precision measuring tools from Carl Zeiss. After seeing the precision measuring
tools for the first time at the 1919 Spring Fair in Leipzig, employees of the Berlin-based company urged Carl Zeiss to expand production. The precision measuring tools
from Carl Zeiss were quickly demanded everywhere thanks to Schuchardt & Schütte's good contacts to the industry and outstanding product quality.

Right: Otto Eppenstein, founder and long-term head of the Feinmess Department at Carl Zeiss Jena. His inventions played a key role in advancing the still young disci-
pline of precision metrology in the 1920s and 1930s. Because of his value to the company, Eppenstein, who was originally Jewish before converting to Protestantism,
was allowed to work for Carl Zeiss in Jena until his death in 1942 – however, his name could no longer be mentioned in the public and in scientific publications.

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 Proud to be connected to these innovations and the roaring development of precision measuring
technology, Schuchardt & Schütte announced in the foreword of a catalog: "It was a great achieve-
ment by the company Carl Zeiss in Jena, for whom we are the sole distributor of measuring tools, to
have made the sensitive optical measurement and microscopic examination of materials accessible
to workers and the shopfloor." From then on, industrial companies such as Opel, BMW, MAN, Ford,
Daimler-Benz, Bosch, Krupp, the Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen and many others purchased measuring
machines from Carl Zeiss with which they inspected workpieces and tools in their measuring labs. They
were also able to rely on the outstanding customer support of Carl Zeiss. The international success
was also impressive: in the 1930s, there were times when every second precision measuring machine
was sold outside Germany.

Early milestones in machine technology

The Optimeter linear measuring machine from 1920 is one of the most important machines from the
early days of the Feinmess Department. It provided users with 1 µm accuracy. The large toolmaker’s mi-
croscope from 1924 and the first universal measuring microscope (UMM) from 1926 also represented
milestones in measuring technology. For the very first time, the UMM enabled users to determine all
The history of the Feinmess Depart- five parameters of a thread in a single setting. The interference comparator built from the mid 1920s
ment at Carl Zeiss is closely tied
to the development of metrology was a key instrument for the inspection of gage blocks. Within a few years, these and many other
in general. In 1920, the company tools from Jena became the benchmark of optical and mechanical precision measuring technology.
began building measuring machines It is no wonder then that a British toolmaker simply called its measuring lab the "Zeiss Room" – they
with optical components, thus offer- were probably not the only ones.
ing a real alternative to traditional
precision mechanical measuring
equipment. They enabled fast and
precise measurements at a time that
saw the breakthrough of efficient
production. One of the most im-
World War, partition, economic miracle
portant devices from this time was
the interference comparator for the Carl Zeiss on the brink
inspection of gage blocks. During World War II, Carl Zeiss and the Feinmess Department produced, partly with the help of foreign
and forced labor, almost exclusively for the military. The armament boom provided the company with
high production figures, but was also responsible for the fall of the global company Carl Zeiss after
the war. Numerous allied bombing campaigns severely damaged or destroyed factories and took the
lives of many employees. The US troops who initially occupied Thuringia after the war, had to leave

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 ZEISS precision measuring representatives proudly pose for the camera. The team was assembled 9
within three years following the bankruptcy of Schuchardt & Schütte in 1930.

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 the country to the Soviets in accordance with an allied agreement. Under the motto “We
take the brain,” they took the entire management team from Carl Zeiss and the Schott
Glassworks with them to the West. The main factory in Jena was dismantled by the Soviet
occupiers and only later painstakingly rebuilt as a state-owned enterprise.

Feinmess East – Feinmess West

Zeiss employees brought to Heidenheim succeeded in establishing a new ZEISS factory
in the nearby village of Oberkochen. Initially, they received support from Jena. However,
during the course of the coming Cold War, the “hostile brothers” increasingly distanced
themselves from one another and fought bitterly over the name and trademarks. Never-
theless, Carl Zeiss in Oberkochen grew into a very successful company. The partition of
the company resulted in two Carl Zeiss precision measuring departments – Feinmess East
and Feinmess West – which initially focused on the manufacture of optical and precision
mechanical machines. However, Carl Zeiss in Oberkochen strived to avoid using pre-war
designs. In 1953, just three years after the department was founded, the company in
Oberkochen developed a new, more technically advanced UMM universal measuring mi-
croscope. Additional important instruments included the Abbe perpendicular and hori-
zontal length meter, and the SPG 600 inclination testing machine which were seen as the
leading products on the global market.

The future is electronic

Increasing mobility was one of the most visible The beginning of the 1960s marked the advent of numerically controlled measuring ma-
signs of the West German economic miracle chines. Due to the poor performance of the computers available at that time, engineers
following World War II. Millions were able to
afford a car. Manufacturers such as ZF Fried-
still primarily experimented with the electronic-numeric output of measured values. This
richshafen delivered key components. Without preceded the use of computers and microelectronics that would revolutionize metrology in
its gears, no car would have worked – be it a the 1970s. While the engineers in Oberkochen followed this trend and introduced the first
compact model or the luxury vehicle depicted machine with a digital display, their counterparts in Jena missed the boat: data processing
in this advertisement. ZF Friedrichshafen
tested its gears on ZEISS precision measuring
technology in East Germany was unable to keep pace with that of the West.
machines. Nonetheless, the development of precision measuring department in Oberkochen was
anything but good; the department had to deal with losses for many years. Due to the
centrally organized sales department of Carl Zeiss which also distributed precision mea-
suring machines, there was insufficient communication between customers and the

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 department. Feinmess in the West lost too many small machine customers to Carl Zeiss Jena and to
competitors in the Far East who offered their products at considerably lower prices. Furthermore,
while several products such as the “UMM 200 digital” were seen as technically advanced, many
machines in the very broad product portfolio such as hand measuring machines were outdated,
impractical and too expensive. To compensate for this, the department developed highly precise
machines which were then only built in small numbers. This “flight into super accuracy,” which
was criticized several years later in the company, was unsuccessful. The number of employees in
the Feinmess Department had clearly declined since the 1960s. At the beginning of the 1970s, the
department was on the verge of closing.

Into the 3rd Dimension with ZEISS measuring

technology
An employee of the
Coordinate measuring technology – an opportunity not to be missed Feinmess Department at Carl Zeiss
The few remaining employees and Klaus Herzog, the new department head, knew right away that founded in 1950 in Oberkochen
the future of measuring technology was in computer-guided 3D coordinate measuring technology. during assembly of a UMM uni-
versal measuring microscope. First
This technology, in which the workpiece is measured point-by-point using a stylus system and the introduced in the mid 1950s, the
measured coordinates numerically assembled in a data processing system to create a complete machine was completely different
workpiece geometry, would eliminate the need for the widely used, expensive single-purpose mea- from the pre-war models from Jena
suring tools. Despite the high procurement price, a coordinate measuring machine has lower mea- as it enabled the central observation
of all measuring positions and the
suring costs than traditional equipment. measured object in a single, bin-
The entry into coordinate measuring technology was triggered by intensive discussions with Volks- ocular microscope. This enabled the
wagen. With in-depth knowledge of the measuring problems and the needs of industry, precision UMM to replace several single-use
measuring engineers at Carl Zeiss developed a new coordinate measuring machine with an un- measuring instruments.
paralleled measuring probe featuring five single styli in a star arrangement. Additionally, software
developed internally on a Hewlett-Packard computer was available for control and the mathemati-
cal processing of the measuring results.

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 The UMM 500
In 1973, amazed visitors to the Microtecnic trade fair in Zurich, Switzerland, flocked to the booth of
the Feinmess Department of Carl Zeiss. They all wanted to see the UMM 500, a 3D measuring ma-
chine that would revolutionize metrology. They were shown how the machine was able to do things
in metrology that practically no one had thought possible. Without prior alignment, it was possible
to measure workpieces with an accuracy of 0.5 µm; an electronic bearing controller ensured that the
linear measuring system in the probe always reached the zero setting and users were able to conve-
niently operate the machine with joysticks and easily launch programs via a control panel.
The UMM 500 proved to be a real success for the department. Numerous German and non-German
companies such as Philips, Daimler-Benz, Bosch, IBM, Ford and Hitachi definitely wanted this machine
in their measuring labs. Dominated by oil and economic crises, the 1970s provided a good market
environment to sell large numbers of coordinate measuring machines. Anyone measuring their work-
pieces using exact, fast and cost-saving processes was subsequently hardly at risk of having to stop
their production process because of overly high tolerance deviations and thus losing a lot of money. By
the end of the 1970s, more than 100 UMM 500 measuring machines were in operation throughout
the world. The machine became an absolute legend and some – retrofitted with the latest software
Used for the first time on the UMM
500, the measuring probe head
– are still in use today.
was Carl Zeiss' key to 3D contact
measuring. A rosy future
With the success of the UMM 500, the perspectives of the Feinmess Department changed almost
overnight: initially faced with closure, the future of the department was now secure. This decision
Klaus Herzog, initiator of three was made when the department was able to acquire several buyers such as BMW and MBB for the
coordinate measuring technology at UMM 800, the successor to the UMM 500. The department for precision measuring machines was
ZEISS, presents "his" UMM 500.
thus saved and had redefined its existence overnight with its developments in coordinate measuring
technology. Another key to this success was the restructuring of the distribution network. Before
then, Carl Zeiss Sales had not been adequately present in industry. For this reason, the Feinmess De-
partment adopted its own approach in many regions and increasingly worked with representatives,
enabling them to establish good contacts in industry. With expertise and a sharp customer focus,
the new industrial sales department played a key role in the growing success of Carl Zeiss coordinate
measuring technology in the 1970s.

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 With a measuring range of 500 x 200 x 300 millimeters, the UMM 500 was the first three-coordinate
measuring machine built by Carl Zeiss. It was known for its many special features and system compo-
nents such as the measuring probe head, an integrated computer, software and an ergonomically correct
design. The machine was capable of measuring in 3D with an accuracy of 0.5 µm. Aligning the work-
piece to be inspected to the machine axes of the previously used single-use instruments, reading scale
values and manually processing the results were no longer necessary. The UMM 500 was a major success
and marked the technological revolution in precision measuring technology. Shortly thereafter, the de-
partment was renamed to IMT (Industrial Measuring Technology).

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 New technology, new name: IMT
New name for the department
With the construction of the UMM 500 and its measuring components, the Fein-
mess Department in Oberkochen launched a new era in industrial metrology. Within
a few years, many companies and facilities such as boards of weights and measures,
examination offices, technical schools and research institutes made the leap to co-
ordinate metrology. Although many small and mid-sized companies still relied on
traditional measuring equipment for a long time, it was clear that the convenience
of 3D measuring was the future. In 1976, in order to meet the changed conditions
in measuring technology, Carl Zeiss decided to rename its department: the name
Feinmess was too closely connected to the less successful, recent history of tradi-
tional measuring instruments. Since then, coordinate measuring machines (CMMs)
from Oberkochen have born the name Industrielle Messtechnik (IMT). This name still
stands for coordinate measuring technology from Carl Zeiss.

A broad field for new developments

It was clear to everyone at IMT that the company was treading a new field of tech-
nology that still held numerous possibilities for innovation and opportunities to boost
the name of the company. The growing IMT division worked tirelessly on additional
developments. A key factor in the success of the company was (and still is) IMT's
ability to learn about the wishes and ideas of its customers and implement them into
the development of the machines and components. This led, for example, to the
touch-trigger probe with Piezo sensors whose additive Piezo signal eliminates the
hysteresis and bending influences of probing. In addition to the measuring probe, it
With the WMM 500 and 850 at the end of the 1970s, is still one of the standards of sensors in coordinate measuring technology. Further-
IMT launched coordinate measuring machines that could more, IMT developed the central drive for measuring machine bridges, numerous
be used near production. This marked the first step software programs such as UMESS to measure different and partially complicated
towards production measuring technology. MTU used
this image of a WMM 850 in a brochure in the 1980s to
geometries, and the possibility of performing fully automatic gear measurements on
emphasize its high demands on quality. a coordinate measuring machine. Air bearings, which enabled a machine bridge to
hover only 3 µm over the base plate, was another global innovation. Since IMT did

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 Left: A climate-controlled enclosure to house a coordinate measuring machine in
the 1980s. It provided conditions like those in a measuring lab and protected the
sensitive coordinate measuring machine against the unfavorable ambient condi-
tions in production. 3D measuring in production was now reality.

Top: Until the 1980s, only gages and special measuring equipment were used for
large scale production. IMT and its customers put forth a pioneering effort in the
integration of universal coordinate measuring machines into production lines.
IMT successfully completed a project with the Ford factory in Cologne in 1984. A
WMM was given a protective enclosure and used directly in engine production.
More manufacturers followed this example, giving IMT a good reputation in the
field of production measuring technology. This photo was taken in the Ford
factory in 1987.

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 not build gantry measuring machines, Carl Zeiss joined forces with the company Mauser in Oberndorf,
Germany, in 1976. Mauser integrated IMT components such as controllers, probes and software into
its machines.

New measuring machines

Measuring machines such as the PMC 850 precision measuring center and the UMC line of universal
measuring centers to measure large parts and for the serial measurement of entire pallets were cre-
ated in Oberkochen until 1980. Another new line stood out in particular: the WMM line of workshop
measuring machines. The WMM 550 and the WMM 850 made it possible to set up the highly sensi-
tive coordinate measuring technology closer to production areas, a difficult job if you think about
how dust, oil mist, heat and vibrations severely affect the accuracy during a measurement – then
even more so than today. With the WMM line, Carl Zeiss IMT took the first step towards production
metrology.
The standards committee of Ger-
man industry, the origin of today's
German Institute for Standardiza- Partnerships: KOMEG
tion (DIN) was founded during ZEISS has relied on collaborations and partnerships with other companies since the early days of
World War I to increase production. precision measuring in Jena. This exchange of experience and know-how repeatedly spawned new
Employees of Carl Zeiss measuring
technology have been members of
developments in measuring technology. With the success of coordinate measuring machines, the
this committee since its inception. Feinmess Department once again looked for a strong partner. Shortly after the launch of the UMM
Employees from Carl Zeiss IMT still 500, it agreed to work with KOMEG (Koordinaten Messmaschinen Gesellschaft) in Völklingen, Ger-
work in the national and interna- many. Founded in 1974, the company was also an early player in the field of coordinate measuring
tional work groups and commit-
tees of important standardization
technology. The company's achievements include the presentation of the first production measuring
institutes. They carry a lot of weight computer with SPC application. In the years to come, KOMEG successfully distributed ZEISS ma-
here as a result of the company's chines and had, in many regards, a similar position as Schuchardt & Schütte five decades earlier. The
outstanding reputation and the president of KOMEG was Dieter Gengenbach, a sales expert with good contacts in the industry who
quality of its products.
used his persuasiveness to encourage many hesitant metrologists to purchase a coordinate measuring
machine.

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 Left: The OPTON labeling on this UC 850 coordinate measuring machine indicates that it was intended for an Eastern Block country. In accordance with the London
Agreement negotiated with Carl Zeiss Jena in 1970, all instruments sold in the East by Carl Zeiss Oberkochen had to carry the name OPTON. Carl Zeiss Jena was known
in the West as Jenoptik.

Right: The ceramic technology and the portfolio with economical, high-quality bridge-type measuring machines was decisive for the acquisition in 1989 of Numerex,
from which IMT's US subsidiary originated. The ECLIPSE bridge-type measuring machine with ceramic parts originally built in Minneapolis and later in Oberkochen
provided an affordable entry to the world of production measuring technology. IMT added a production site in Shanghai in 2001 to go along with Minneapolis and
Oberkochen.

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 Working with customers
The trends of the 1980s
By the early 1980s, IMT had become a fully established member of Carl Zeiss. Al-
though the metrologists were considered somewhat strange by the rest of science-
oriented Carl Zeiss, it was impossible to imagine Carl Zeiss without IMT. The success
of IMT made the entire company less susceptible to economic fluctuations.
There was no shortage of innovative developments in the 1980s, which surely helped
IMT attain this status. For IMT and coordinate metrology, the decade was marked
by key phrases such as expansion of inspection possibilities, production metrology
and speed. New micro and process computers further reduced measuring times.
IMT developments during these years included the CAA method that mathemati-
cally corrects guideway errors occurring during a 3D measurement, axis wobble
correction with a completely integrated rotary axis, and fully automatic gage mea-
surements.

Production metrology takes shape

A wide range of everyday products In 1984, IMT achieved a revolutionary advance together with the Ford factory in
are measured with machines from
IMT. These include many compo- Cologne which eliminated the need for traditional gages: a WMM 850 measuring
nents found in cars such as engine machine was integrated directly on an assembly line instead of being set up close
parts, gears and bevel gears, and all to production. To protect the machine against dust and contamination, they built
types of circuit boards and housings. an enclosure and developed for the first time an automatic stylus changer during
Even the seals on throw-away cans
are subject to coordinate measuring the course of the project. The success of the project encouraged other automobile
machines from Carl Zeiss IMT. manufacturers to also buy coordinate measuring machines from Carl Zeiss for their
production areas.
Regardless of whether car manufacturers such as Daimler-Benz or Audi, suppliers
such as Bosch and Kolbenschmidt or the airplane engine manufacturer Pratt & Whit-
ney in the USA, more and more companies are now opting for coordinate measur-
ing technology. They are increasingly focusing their activities on IMT and the excel-
lent training measures offered by Oberkochen. In addition, Carl Zeiss IMT made it
possible to link the manufacturing measuring machines with the entire production

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 procedure and thus integrate them into the automated production process so that the measuring
results could be directly processed by the production computer.

Diversification
During the 1980s, Carl Zeiss diversified its product range, which was achieved through the close coop-
eration with other companies. The collaboration with Stiefelmayer in Esslingen – an old customer from
the founding years of Feinmess – added large horizontal-arm measuring machines to the product line;
The Höfler company provided instruments for gear measurements. The developments by US-based
Numerex in Minneapolis at the end of the 1980s added small, economical bridge-type measuring
machines with new ceramic technology for the workshop. Shortly thereafter, Carl Zeiss IMT acquired
Numerex and converted it to a new production site.

Crises and successes in the 1990s

Reunification
The fall of the Berlin Wall, the end of the Cold War and the German Reunification at the start of the
1990s also lead to the reunification of Carl Zeiss east and west. It was a painful process with many
tens of thousands of employees at the bloated VEB Carl Zeiss Jena losing their jobs. Carl Zeiss in
Oberkochen, from then on headquarters of the entire company, was unable to integrate all divisions of
its Jena counterpart. As a result of the gap in coordinate metrology – IMT's main area of business – and
the insufficient computer performance of the machines from Jena, all attempts to merge the Feinmess
Department in Jena with IMT failed. This ended the 70 year tradition of Carl Zeiss precision measuring
products in Jena. From now on, the Zeiss Works in Jena focused on microscopy and ophthalmology,
launching a success story that has not ended.

Major, new innovations for the upturn

Carl Zeiss and IMT were confronted with a serious crisis as a result of the global economic downturn
in 1992 that led to layoffs in Oberkochen. Using a multi-pronged strategy that included acquiring
Stiefelmayer, adding the company Mauser's measuring machine line of large workpieces and establishing
a new sales organization, IMT returned to its road to success around two years later. By the end of the

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EN_Broschuere20090423-final_NK.i19 19 23.04.2009 12:06:24 Uhr

 1990s, IMT had achieved a market share of 25 percent with its large number of new products:
horizontal-arm and bridge-type measuring machines such as PRISMO and ECLIPSE became
best sellers. Companies such as ABB and Pratt & Whitney used VAST scanning technology
to measure the contours of turbine blades, for example. CALYPSO replaced its predecessor
UMESS as the standard measuring software. And finally, with ScanMax, IMT once again deliv-
ered a key advancement in production measuring technology.
ScanMax could be used for the first time on the shopfloor without an enclosure. Instead of the
entire machine, IMT designers enclosed the measuring systems. As a hand-operated, articu-
lated-arm machine, ScanMax was ideal for smaller operations in which coordinate measuring
technology was now making inroads.

The new millennium

Available since 1995, the hand-guided ScanMax
brought the benefits of scanning to the work- Globalization
shop. The mechanical design corresponds to the As a reaction to the accelerating globalization since 2000, IMT founded a subsidiary in Shang-
Skara principle proven in the world of robots, in
which the use of high-tech materials compen- hai and expanded its production facility in Minneapolis. Both factories have the same quality
sates for damaging environmental influences standards as Oberkochen. IMT recently opened a technology center for industrial metrology in
and enables low weights. The key to ScanMax Bangalore, India. The fact that companies such as VW, Stihl and Renault almost always choose
is the special scanning probe head with a 3D measuring machines from Oberkochen, including IMT services, when equipping new factories
sensor hand grip. It allows you to quickly, easily
and exactly scan workpiece surfaces. The small on other continents demonstrates that IMT products have long been the international bench-
machine is easy to use and can be used practi- mark for quality in coordinate metrology.
cally anywhere. Key components of ScanMax
were developed by Prof. Dr. Werner Lotze from IMT repositions itself
Dresden. This partnership led in 2001 to the
creation of the Carl Zeiss Innovation Center for Carl Zeiss and IMT underwent several key changes during the stormy times of the recent
Measuring Technology in Dresden, which works past. In 2003, the parent company, like Schott Glaswerke in 2003, was converted into
on developments for IMT. a stock corporation which is solely owned by the Carl Zeiss Foundation. For IMT, these
changes primarily manifested themselves in a clear expansion of the company’s fields of
activity and business areas. It had been known for several years that customers increasingly
wanted to outsource measuring operations to external providers. IMT, which has always
been a powerful force in customer support, accepted this challenge and has positioned itself

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EN_Broschuere20090423-final_NK.i20 20 23.04.2009 12:06:30 Uhr

 Sports car manufacturer Porsche has used coordinate measuring machines from IMT for years. Machines such as the SMM and various measuring and machining
heads are used throughout production. Measurements are already made on the first plasticine models during the design phase of a new Porsche. 21

EN_Broschuere20090423-final_NK.i21 21 23.04.2009 12:06:37 Uhr

 as an all-round service provider for measuring tasks. Together with its subsidiary
in Aalen, Carl Zeiss 3D Metrology Services GmbH, IMT today offers consultation
during the purchase and operating phase, on-site support, contract measure-
ments and programming, training at its own academy and the expansion of
demo centers. This enabled the company to become the global leader in the
service sector within a short time. With this expanded service offering and many
new products, IMT has been able to grow dynamically since 2000. The company
now has almost 1,800 employees around the world.

Continuous innovative power

Several recently introduced products and technologies demonstrate that IMT has
not lost any of its innovative power in its ninth decade. The CenterMax produc-
tion measuring center, the smaller GageMax CNC production measuring center
Left: The PRISMO measuring machine launched in the mid
and the small DuraMax measuring machine, for example, now enable you to
1990s became a best seller. Tens of thousands of these afford-
able, easy-to-use machines for the middle and upper class have perform measurements directly in production and achieve results as if you were
since been built. Ferrari, for example, uses them to measure in a measuring lab. In addition, the measurement of small and extremely small
the skin of its Formula One race cars. parts is now reality. The O-INSPECT multisensor measuring machine permits the
alternating use of optical and contact sensors during CNC operation, while the
Right: Introduced in the 1990s, VAST provided active scanning
technology, and enabled multifunctional and affordable scan- F25 measuring system enables measurements in the range of nanometers. With
ning of test pieces. Scanning became a special area of IMT at “metrotomography,” measurements are no longer limited to the exterior of a
an early stage. The scanning probe head provided users with workpiece: METROTOM unites metrology and tomography by using a 3D com-
access to this technology in the 1970s.
puter tomograph with x-ray tube and detector to x-ray the workpiece. Geome-
tries and dimensions can be captured even in the interior of the tiniest parts. The
idea behind the development came from Robert Bosch GmbH, which suggested
turning a tomograph into a measuring machine.

Well poised for the future

90 years of IMT stands for 90 years of expertise, reliability and a high degree of
innovation in industrial metrology. This is exemplified in how Carl Zeiss techni-
cians overcame the greatest crisis in the history of their department at the be-
ginning of the 1970s by using their creativity to develop something completely
new and lay the foundation for modern coordinate measuring technology. IMT

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EN_Broschuere20090423-final_NK.i22 22 23.04.2009 12:06:44 Uhr

 is following in the tradition of Carl Zeiss, Ernst Abbe and Otto Eppenstein who laid the foundation for
modern measuring technology in industry with the first developments more than 160 years ago.
90 years and going strong, IMT is a key pillar of the Carl Zeiss Group. It not only offers proven mea-
suring technology that can be found in numerous well-known companies around the globe, but also
financing and special usage models. The decentralized measuring houses permit all types of contract
measurements and programming, and provide IMT customers with the know-how of Carl Zeiss. Histo-
ry, experience and proximity to the customer, as well as motivating and training employees guarantees
that IMT will also lead the development of coordinate measuring technology in the future.

DuraMax is a cost-efficient, easy-to-

use instrument measuring machine.
It can be used in CNC operations
and comes standard with scanning
technology.

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 Left: The GageMax CNC production measuring center marked the full establishment of coordinate measuring machines in production. The enclosed measuring sys-
tems allow GageMax to be set up directly in production where it delivers measuring results as if it were in a protected measuring lab.

Center: METROTOM is a 3D computer tomograph that x-rays workpieces. During this process, the part rotates 360° around its own axis to generate a 3D image of
the entire volume of the workpiece. This machine is capable of measuring very complex and small interior and exterior geometries. METROTOM was developed based
on an initiative from Robert Bosch GmbH which wanted to make computer tomography useful for destruction-free measuring. A Lego brick was used for the trial
phase because it has geometries that are similar to the plug systems used in cars, for example.

Right: The F25 was developed to measure micro-parts in the nanometer range. Introduced in 2004, this coordinate measuring machine enabled the measurement of
rotationally symmetrical parts with free-form surfaces, small radii and undercuts or prismatic parts with small and deep boreholes.

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 Comments
Revolution in Precision Measuring: Literatur: Auerbach, Felix: Das Zeisswerk und die Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung in Jena. Ihre wissenschaftliche, technische und soziale Entwicklung und Bedeutung, Jena, 5. Aufl. 1925; Erker, Paul:
Dampflok, Daimler, Dax. Die deutsche Wirtschaft im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert, Stuttgart/München, 2001, S. 534 ff.; Florath, Bernd: Immer wenn Krieg war. Die Bedeutung der Rüstungsproduktion für die wirtschaftliche Ent-
wicklung der Carl-Zeiss-Werke, in: Markowski, Frank (Hrsg.): Der letzte Schliff. 150 Jahre Arbeit und Alltag bei Carl Zeiss, Berlin, 1997, S. 34-53; Freyberg, Thomas von: Industrielle Rationalisierung in der Weimarer Republik.
Untersucht an Beispielen aus dem Maschinenbau und der Elektroindustrie, Frankfurt/New York, 1989; Gerth, Kerstin/Wimmer, Wolfgang: Ernst Abbe. Wissenschaftler, Unternehmer, Sozialreformer, Jena, 2005; Hellmuth,
Edith/Mühlfriedel, Wolfgang: Zeiss 1846-1905. Vom Atelier für Mechanik zum führenden Unternehmen des optischen Gerätebaus, Weimar, 1996, v.a. 223-232; Mütze, Klaus: Die Macht der Optik. Industriegeschichte Jenas
1946-1996, Bd. 1: Vom Atelier für Mechanik zum Rüstungskonzern 1846-1946, Jena, 2004, S. 126-131; Schomerus, Friedrich: Geschichte des Jenaer Zeisswerkes 1846-1946, Stuttgart, 1952, v.a. S. 244-248; Walter, Rolf:
Zeiss 1905-1945, Weimar, 2000, S. 65-78, 85-98, 115-123. Quellen: Carl Zeiss Archiv, 27833: Zusammenstellung bemerkenswerter Daten über wissenschaftliche Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet Feinmeßtechnik bei C.Z. Jena,
25.1.1958; ebd., GB 2143: 25 Jahre Feinmess, 15.11.1944; ebd.: Text zur Geschichte der Abteilung Feinmess, 3.9.1956, ebd.: Erinnerungen an Feinmess von Max Jaensch, Berlin, o.D.; ebd., 7809: Protokolle der Geschäft-
sleiterbesprechungen 1918-1919.
Precision measuring machines from Jena for the world: Literatur: Hultzsch, Erasmus: Geschichte und Entwicklung technischer Feinmeßgeräte bei Carl Zeiss Jena. 1. Teil: 1918-1945, in: Jenaer Rundschau 5 (1967), S.
268-278; Lotze, Werner: Die Entwicklung der industriellen Fertigungsmeßtechnik, in: Technische Rundschau 41 (1988), S. 38-45; Mütze, Macht der Optik, S. 253-259; Söldner, Franz/Glomb, Renate: 70 Jahre Fertigungs-
meßtechnik aus Jena, in: Jenaer Rundschau 3 (1988), S. 124-128; Walter, Zeiss 1905-1945, S. 119-123; Reindl, Rudolf: Dr. Otto Eppenstein. Ein Wissenschaftler des Jenaer Zeiss-Werkes, in: Jenaer Rundschau 5 (1967), S.
263-267; Zeiss-Werkzeitung: Heft 3, Dezember 1920, S. 38-44, Heft 4, Januar 1921, S. 54-61, Heft 5, Februar 1921, S. 65-84. Quellen: Katalog der Firma Schuchardt & Schütte: Meß-Werkzeuge, o.O., 1923, S. 3; Carl
Zeiss Archiv, BACZ 21200: FE-Umsätze 1923-1949/1953; ebd., BACZ 22072: diverse Reiseberichte der Feinmess-Vertreter aus den 1930er Jahren.
World War, partition, economic miracle: Literatur: Vgl. Hermann, Armin: Carl Zeiss. Die abenteuerliche Geschichte einer deutschen Firma, München/Zürich, 1992, v.a. S. 9-73; Mühlfriedel, Wolfgang/Hellmuth, Edith:
Carl Zeiss in Jena, S. 3-23, 72-86, 257-280; Boelcke, Willi A.: Wirtschaftsgeschichte Baden-Württembergs: von den Römern bis heute, Stuttgart, 1987, S. 497, 654-655; Meier, Bernhard: Geschichte und Entwicklung
technischer Feinmeßgeräte bei Carl Zeiss Jena. 2. Teil: 1947-1967. Die neuen Leistungen des VEB Carl Zeiss Jena, in: Jenaer Rundschau 5 (1967), S. 279-284; Köhler, Horst: 30 Jahre Forschung und Entwicklung im Zeiss
Werk Oberkochen, Carl Zeiss Oberkochen 1988, Kapitel 7.8, S. 1-58, hier S. 3 ff.; Walter, Zeiss 1905-1945, S. 239-195; Peterke, Joachim: Der Londoner Zeiss-Prozess. Vorgeschichte und Dilemma eines deutsch-deutschen
Rechtsstreites in Großbritannien (1955-1971), Dissertation Universität Stuttgart, 2002; Zeichen, Gerfried: Ergebnisse und Ziele der Feinmeß-Geräteentwicklung bei Carl Zeiss in Oberkochen, Zeiss Informationen 77 (1970),
S. 96-104. Quellen: Carl Zeiss Archiv, BACZ 17099: Fe-Bericht 1940/41; ebd., BACZ 17125: Bericht der Feinmess-Abteilung 1946/47; ebd., CZO 001301: Feinmeß – Situation und Ausblick (stichpunktartige Betrachtung),
5.9.1974; „Erinnerungen an IMT – eine Stichwortsammlung“, aufgezeichnet von Hans-Gerd Pressel; Diverse Werbematerialien, Carl Zeiss.
Into the 3rd Dimension with ZEISS measuring technology: Literatur: Herzog, Klaus: Universalmeßmaschine UMM 500, in: Zeiss Informationen 83 (1974), S. 36-40; Keferstein, Klaus P.: Fertigungsmesstechnik – Ent-
wicklung, heutiger Stand und Perspektiven: Von Werkstatt zu Messraum, in: Schweizer Maschinenmarkt 39 (1996), S. 20-22; Köhler, 30 Jahre Forschung und Entwicklung, v.a. S. 27 ff.; Neumann, Hans Joachim: Präzisions-
messtechnik in der Fertigung mit Koordinatenmessgeräten. Entwicklung, Normung, Grundlagen, Messunsicherheit, Anwendungsverfahren, Auswahlkriterien, Ausbildung, Renningen, 2004, v.a. S. 13-33. Quellen: Carl Zeiss
Archiv, Kundenliste UMM 500 (ohne Signatur); ebd., CZO 001301: Feinmeß – Situation und Ausblick (stichpunktartige Betrachtung), 5.9.1974; ebd., CZO 001335, v.a. Denkschrift „Situation in Feinmess“, 20.11.1975;
ebd., VA 02170: Dossier betr. Feinmess 16.5. bzw. 31.5.1974; Pressel, „Erinnerungen an IMT – eine Stichwortsammlung“; diverse Werbematerialien, Carl Zeiss.
New technology, new name: IMT: Literatur: Vgl. Hermann, Abenteuerliche Geschichte, S. 256 f.; Herzog, Klaus: Zeiss Mehrkoordinatenmeßtechnik. Hardware – Software – Einsatzgebiete, in: Zeiss Informationen 91
(1980), S. 52-63; Köhler, 30 Jahre Forschung und Entwicklung; Neumann, Präzisionsmesstechnik in der Fertigung, S. 13-33; Pressel, Hans-Gerd: Werkstatt-Meßmaschinen WMM – eine neue Baureihe leistungsfähiger
Dreikoordinaten-Meßgeräte von Zeiss, in: Zeiss Informationen 88 (1978/79), S. 27-28. Quellen: Carl Zeiss Archiv, CZO 000997: Beirat 12.11.1976; ebd., CZO 001279, Diagramme und Datenübersichten, 1974-1975; „Erin-
nerungen an IMT – eine Stichwortsammlung“, aufgezeichnet von Hans-Gerd Pressel; diverse Werbematerialien, Carl Zeiss.
Working with customers: Literatur: Becker, Herbert: Neue Entwicklungen in der Koordinatenmeßtechnik, Sonderdruck aus VDI-Z 128 (1986), Nr. 6.; Löschner, Herbert: Einsatz von KMG, in: Quality Engineering 8 (2000),
S. 68; ders., Neumann, Hans Joachim: Koordinatenmeßtechnik in der Fertigungslinie von Vierventilmotoren. Teamwork sichert Qualität, Sonderdruck aus: Kontrolle 9 (1993); Löschner, Herbert/Neumann, Hans Joachim:
Zylinderkopfproduktion übernimmt Verantwortung für die Qualität, in: Werkstatt und Betrieb 11 (1985), S. 731-734; Interview mit Hans Joachim Neumann „Koordinatenmeßtechnik rückt näher an die Fertigung. Halbe
Meßzeit bei gleichbleibender Genauigkeit“, Sonderdruck aus Industrieanzeiger 37 (1987), S. 51-54. Quellen: Carl Zeiss Archiv, CZO 001894: IMT Konzept 5 Jahre, Mai 1983; ebd., CZO 001894: Zeitungsauschnitt „Licht
und Schatten in der Optik“; diverse Werbematerialien, Carl Zeiss; „Erinnerungen an IMT – eine Stichwortsammlung“, aufgezeichnet von Hans-Gerd Pressel.
Crises and successes in the 1990s: Literatur: Hermann, Abenteuerliche Geschichte, S. 329-345; Schreiner, Katharina/Gattnar, Klaus-Dieter/Skoludek, Horst: Carl Zeiss. Ost und West. Geschichte einer Wiedervereinigung,
Jena, 2006; Mühlfriedel/Hellmuth, Carl Zeiss in Jena 1945-1990, S. 339-348; Meßtechnik aktuell, Ausgaben: Januar 1994, Oktober 1994, Mai 1995, September 1995, Mai 1996, September 1996, April 1997; Innovation
Meßtechnik Spezial 9 (1997), 5 (1998), 1 (1999). Quellen: Carl Zeiss Archiv, CZO 001826: Führungskräfteworkshop 17./18.Juli 1995; ebd., CZO1833 Powerpointpräsentation 1995; ebd., CZJ 000524: v.a. IMT-Präsentation
zur Auslandsgeschäftsführertagung AGT 1991, 1.-6.9.1991; „Erinnerungen an IMT – eine Stichwortsammlung“, aufgezeichnet von Hans-Gerd Pressel; diverse Werbematerialien, Carl Zeiss.
The new millennium: Literatur: Wirtschaftsregion Ostwürttemberg, hrsg. v. in Zusammenarbeit mit der Industrie- und Handelskammer Ostwürttemberg (= Monographien deutscher Wirtschaftsgebiete). Edition „Städte
– Kreise – Regionen“), Oldenburg 3. Aufl. 2008, S. 101-105; Innovation Spezial Messtechnik, Ausgaben 2 (2000)–10 (2008); VDI-Z, 7-8/2008, Sonderdruck: Carl Zeiss und die Geschichte der Messtechnik. Quellen: Werbe-
materialien, Carl Zeiss.

Interviews: Wolfdieter Betsch, Eduard Bott, Otto Boucky, Bernd Georgi, Kurt Hesch, Klaus Herzog, Rainer Kolossa, Alfons Lindmayer, Herbert Löschner, Joao Carlos Oliveira Lopez, Hans-Gerd Pressel, Ulrich Wagener, Josef
Wanner.

Photographic credits: ZF Friedrichshafen AG, Ford-Werke GmbH Cologne, DIN, Carl Zeiss Archives Jena.

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EN_Broschuere20090423-final_NK.i25 25 23.04.2009 12:06:59 Uhr

 Chronology
1890 1976
Comparator principle from Ernst Abbe: the foundation of modern metrology Touch-trigger probe, RT 05 computer-guided rotary table

1900 1978
First measuring instruments, e.g. thickness measuring instruments and WMM line with new air bearings featuring extreme rigidity and low air con-
comparators sumption for use directly in production

1918 1980
First major internal order for 10,000 precision measuring screw gages Start of marketing for CNC-controlled horizontal-arm measuring machines:
sensor system, controller and software from Carl Zeiss; instrument technol-
1919 ogy from Stiefelmayer
Founding of the precision measuring department, the Feinmess Department UMC 850 universal measuring center

1920 1982
First large machines: Optimeter, shopfloor measuring microscopes and Three new 3D coordinate measuring machines: ZMC Gear Measuring Cen-
inside micrometers ter
UPMC Universal Precision Measuring Center, PMC Precision Measuring
1924 Center
Large tool measuring microscope for form inspections, measurement of
orthogonal and circular coordinates on form gages, thread measure- 1983
ments First supplier of a CNC stylus changer for coordinate measuring machines
Comprehensive software packages enable measurements of free-form sur-
1926 faces, curves and gears: HOLOS, KUM, GON
First universal measuring microscope
1985
1953 CAA procedure: mathematical compensation of systematic
New universal measuring microscope introduced guideway errors
First CAD programming of CNC measuring runs on the basis of a
1962 saved workpiece model
Interference comparator for parallel gage blocks from 10 cm to 1 m
1989
1963 SMC horizontal-arm measuring center allows change between mechanical
First digital measuring instruments with electronic-numeric output of mea- and optical probing
sured values
1990
1973 CARAT technology to eliminate temperature influences in highly accurate
UMM 500: highly accurate three-coordinate measuring machine with measuring centers
measuring26probe, integrated HP desktop computer and UMESS measuring Acquisition of Numerex in Minneapolis, Minnesota, an American manufac-
software from Carl Zeiss turer of bridge-type CMMs

EN_Broschuere20090423-final_NK.i26 26 23.04.2009 12:06:59 Uhr

 1990 2002
LTP laser probe head for use with horizontal-arm measuring ma- Navigator principle: measurements with unparalleled speed
chines
2003
1991 GageMax: coordinate measuring machine for use as flexible gage directly in produc-
High-speed scanning tion
FMC production measuring centers: highly accurate and fast gage PRO select horizontal-arm measuring machine
replacement for production and the measuring lab
2004
1994 F25: coordinate measuring machine for micro-parts with measuring accuracy
Scanning with VAST technology of 100 nanometers
Acquisition of Stiefelmayer to enable Zeiss to complement its own Third assembly site: Shanghai
range of horizontal arm CMMs
2005
1995 UPMC ultra with specified linear measuring tolerance of 0.3 µm +L/1000: the refer-
PRISMO VAST 3D coordinate measuring machine: scanning technol- ence instrument for research, development and quality assurance
ogy in production
ScanMax: measuring machine with an articulated arm design – for 2006
measuring precision in production without an enclosure METROTOM: computer tomography for industrial applications; metrotomography in
CALYPSO: revolutionary, CAD-based measuring software design the micrometer range

1998 2007
VISTA: small, highly accurate 3D coordinate measuring machine Winner of the Bosch Supplier Award for the third consecutive year
O-INSPECT: multi-sensor measuring machine
1999 25.000 3D measuring machines delivered
Demo center for industrial metrology in Shanghai
2008
2000 DuraMax: scanning technology for any workshop
Reduced calibration time due to RDS-CAA articulating probe holder The MMZ B Plus gantry measuring machine with a measuring range of 5 x 16 x 2.5
CONTURA: line of mid-sized measuring machines meters, the largest ever built by Carl Zeiss

2001 2009
Founding of Carl Zeiss 3D Metrology Services GmbH The new ACCURA, an entirely new, fast and accurate coordinate measuring machine
CALYPSO standard measuring software also usable on a computer with laser safety enclosures and large measuring ranges
CenterMax inline measuring machine for temperature-stable
measurements as in a measuring lab

27

EN_Broschuere20090423-final_NK.i27 27 23.04.2009 12:07:00 Uhr

 Research and text: Dr. Matthias Georgi, Dr. Michael Kamp
and Tobias Mahl, M. A.
Neumann & Kamp Historische Projekte, Munich
Setting: Anne Dreesbach
Production: Wahl-Druck GmbH, Aalen/Württ.
Printed in Germany.
August Dreesbach Verlag, Munich
All rights reserved.

Carl Zeiss
Industrielle Messtechnik GmbH
73446 Oberkochen
Sales: +49 (0) 7364/ 20-6336
Service: +49 (0) 7364/ 20-6337
Fax: +49 (0) 7364/ 20-3870
Email: [email protected]
Internet: www.zeiss.com/imt
EN_60_025_108I Printed in Germany. IV/2009

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