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Lesson-3-Modifiers ELp

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51 views4 pages

Lesson-3-Modifiers ELp

Reviewer

Uploaded by

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Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lesson 3

Modifiers
OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:

1. arrange series of adjectival modifiers to construct grammatically correct sentences;


2. look for adjectives in various forms in a given paragraph;
3. place adverbs in their location in sentences; and
4. construct sentences using adverbs.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Modifiers such as adjectives and adverbs are as important as the nouns and verbs. In
fact they both belong to the major words in the parts of speech. Major words carry meaning;
hence, they are labeled as ‘content’ words.

Modifiers add color, emotion, richness, and life to sentences. While it is true that
sentences are still sentences even without modifiers, but with them, sentences are put to the
next level. In this lesson, we shall learn more about modifiers.

What are Adjectives?

An adjective is a word that describes a noun or a pronoun. It expresses a quality or


attribute of a noun or a pronoun and usually answers the questions ‘What kind…?, How
many…?, How much…?, and Which one…?’.

Examples of adjectives are in bold.

1. Nadine is using her new dress.


2. Her dress makes her look more sophisticated.
3. The long brown lace on her waist defined her sexy curves.
4. I am also captivated by cute and elegant pouch.
5. Her classy look tonight sets her apart from the crowd.

Degrees of Comparison
1. Positive degree is used to express or describe the quality of a single noun or
pronoun.
Examples:
Cristina is tall.
Fran is attractive.
Valerie is smart.
2. Comparative degree is used to express comparison between two nouns or
pronouns.
a. add –er or –r to one syllable adjectives
fine – finer large – larger
nice – nicer safe – safer

b. double the last consonant of some adjective before adding –er


hot – hotter fat – fatter
big – bigger sad – sadder

c. change the consonant y to i and add –er for adjectives ending in y


crazy – crazier happy – happier
busy – busier pretty – prettier

d.use more/less for two-syllable adjectives with affixes


careless – more careless stressful – less stressful
pleasant – more pleasant amusing – less amusing

e. use more/less for adjectives with three or more syllables


fascinating – more fascinating challenging – less challenging
beautiful – more beautiful important – less important

3. Superlative degree is used to compare three or more nouns or pronouns. Always


use the article the before the adjective in the superlative degree.
a. add –est to one syllable adjectives
fine – (the) finest large – (the) largest
nice – (the) nicest safe – (the) safest

b. double the last consonant of some adjective before adding –est


hot – (the) hottest fat – (the) fattest
big – (the) biggest sad – (the) saddest

c. change the consonant y to i and add –est for adjectives ending in y


crazy – (the) craziest happy – (the) happiest
busy – (the) busiest pretty – (the) prettiest

d.use most/least for two-syllable adjectives with affixes


careless – (the) most careless stressful – (the) least stressful
pleasant – (the) most pleasant amusing – (the) least amusing

e. use most/least for adjectives with three or more syllables


fascinating – (the) most fascinating challenging – (the) least challenging
beautiful – (the) most beautiful important – (the) least important

4. Absolute adjectives are those that do not form their comparative and superlative
degrees because they cannot be used in comparison.
perfect wrong only
correct unique single

Basic Pattern for a Series of Adjectives

Determiners Another
Intensifiers Quality Shape Color Head noun
Number noun
The very luscious Round dark chocolate cake
A More emotional Filipino movie
Two Super cute little brown puppies

What are Adverbs?

An adverb modifies verbs, adjective, other adverbs, or sentences. Adverb answers the
questions: How? When? Where? Why? To what degree? or to what extent of quality/quantity?

Examples of adverbs are in bold.

1. KC cried loudly when he realized that his wallet was missing. (modifies verb)
2. A lot of people almost died of hunger due to quarantine. (modifies verb)
3. The performances during the show were absolutely great. (modifies adjective)
4. The two-year-old girl speaks more clearly than the five-year-old boy. (modifies
adverb)
5. Unfortunately, the plan did not materialize. (modifies sentence)

Position of Adverbs in the Sentence

1. Adverbs normally follow the verb they modify


Example:
Young people love listening to Moira because she sings emotionally.

2. Adverbs of frequency and place are normally00222 placed –


a. between the subject and the verb
I frequently check my phone for messages or calls.
b. after the linking verb
She is always excellent in all her subjects.
c. between verb phrases
You can never rely on people who are selfish.

3. Adverbs of time and succession are placed at the beginning or at the end of the
sentence
Examples:
Last night, Aldrin proposed to Jane.
The wedding happenedyesterday.

4. Adverbs of degree and measure are placed next to the words they modify
Example:
Liezl is much happier now than she was years back.

5. Adverbs usually come immediately before the adjectives or adverbs they


modify
Example:
Ma’am Visi speaks very motherly.
The bridge is pretty wide.

6. Adverbs of assertion appear before the sentence.


Example:
Honestly, I cannot attend the wedding.

Degrees of Comparison

1. add–er or –est to adverbs with one syllable


near – nearer – nearest early – earlier – earliest

2. usemore/most or less/least with adverbs of more than one syllable


clearly – more clearly – most clearly
happily – more happily – most happily

3. few irregular adverbs change their spelling


well – better – best badly – worse – worst
little – less – least

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