ft Test

--.

ohsemed feyung ond

then kal Peasons
chispox gien
ollaas a ch-sguare chstobubin oih (n) d..
Seusin Rule:
ohen X te calulakd Valau
chisquare and (n) s he
tabulatd Value 4 chisquar fr ln)dP. ord lerl sigphi
d.

g The demand fon a paurhiular sase Jaont

inatocn

Mon. Tues. Wed. Tus, Sat

Jemarded
Tet te
tt hTptheyi at the nmkr fust denandal des o.
denads on the dey tte wek. (ain : th vale ch squre
Cpechi ll-07, 12-69, 1407
 te null Hythesis, Ho tht the rumber
Palk demordeal does not dernd day beck.
Uhdor
Spore pat demanded on each o te s weuld be

oys fequeny
Obscved
C) le)
(G-e) -e)
Mon. I|24

Tues. .022

Wed
Thure 1120

B6 0.032
Sat.

Total 620

The Tumber

Sine calulatod vals

Valu f4 x s leu tton the tabuokeal vahy.
it is not
syniiant ond te nll hyjthcns may auepled a s,
level siynhiene . Hencc
Hence we Conclwde tlat te
the 6- doy pernid number Jaxts
demand.el %
eed rt
Test for ade pen dence (Categnial al)
(O-c)

Where th Summahin xtnd oey oll e) Cellk 'n he rXC

eject th nul hyjotheui indejendene ct te

cda Jevel Ssignitiane j ottenwie fal to eject the nul

9 Tuo Sampde ps voes tur to candilate Aanel B ra

ahc takCn, nc om
Ccas. he hesults ane e tauclont Sual
(oheter the nature -gin in th aliorining tale. Examire
the i's Jelated t vothg
þre ferene in this
elehin,
Vots foY
Area Toted
Rural 620
l00o

Uban l000

Totul

Under te Tul hyhe s hat The nature t the crea i

independent th vohy prefe yene in the elechinae
peckd
, þoeerene
te in votig fo
tre Conelt de lwe Sgn1hconit.
Thus Jel s2. 4
hpothesi
a null andSyp'ttont -
ibulatol
eky The than frakr much aCodcalatd
x
Sine 3.su), idf zl (24) (2-1) fXoror Tabulated
089 Lo.
t
1
) (sso-sT) (380-41 (620-585)
Totl G(4s)
Uobon
S83
Ruad
B A Areu
ll0x E((20)z
 Iie syn test is und * test hpsthesi about he
medi'an
Ten sam ples oe taken foam a plabing
an elecbnics manufochaig oces, cnd tte bah pH was
detminel. The samplk pM vales ae 1
6"82 8.0) 7-46 6-95 7.os

Mamugachmig blievy that

enyinersiy blieves hat pH
pH hosos a malan Vaby
7.0. Ao the Sarnple data inebcat that ths stetement s
Corseet ? Use tte sgn test oith oco. or to fhvestige
this hyphas.
Nall pothesis to: u= 0

6-82 8.0) 7.46 6.ir T.0

0.9) 0.&T -0.1& |-01 O.46 -0.of 0.05 0.35 O 0.42
t
+
Sign +

Test Sthsh
tRdencie the numter th dfene
posshh and
and let R clensk tte numbcy thesc
het ane
tR= min (Rt R)
Nk
Altemath pothesis Refect Regin Cegéck h)
H: k+.
H, : a>m. rs r
Y< r
H,:â>
T=2 thereAre
example =8 ard
Nuo, in. abore Valu 4 wwth n=fo
abular
r: min ((8,a) - 2. The We Cannu
. Sine
and =0.08
the
veject
Kilcoxon Stipat Rank Test -
Sign makes use plu and mins siyn
the

cUyfevcnes behoe en te obseobin ard tte melian Mo.Je

does not take tno aciount the
s2e mogoihde thee
cferne. frank Wileoxon de viseel a test
wes both pocedun that
eirechin
The wilcoxon (sign) and
Sqned - rank tst ob)hes to the
°symmcbne
mean
contnuaw d'itibution. Under
Caae
theye awemphing
to test
CHlals th meolàn , cnl we
can we thsþrocelne

Test occau
et t be tt Sum t sbr omk and
w be the sum d the negabe

Alenahh typothens
H, : u# Uo
H,: >Uo

h, : u<Uo
 The length a box was measurd by om inspec hoy usiy
ne nehihe.Th sesult were as follouos U'n n)
O.265 O 263 0.209

088 0268
Use tte
te meom
oilcoxon snel unk test to yaluate the claim
bos Jength s o.26s
Sln
0.965 0.263 O.66 O.87 0.2s? 0.26r o20? o.247 O.2\y o.2ly
o.002 0-002
0.00) O.002
).00 O.002

Absyuk
0.268

O.003 -0.002

The Siypcd Ronk teble

Abssltg Rank Not Orlex the
Dftrence
d Herenees and
a rank fom sirollest
0.00|
-45
-0. 00 2
0-002 O-00 Jjore jairs that bawe
0.002
0-00º O 00 2 nd ain mean ank
0 0U - 4-f
0.003 O:003 6
Nul
Alerrahire
Test stabihe
wz min ( wt o)
tere, t= the Sum

w e Sum tte absola Vole th neyatin Tank

ther pr, w min( 36, 9) 9

Corclusin- Sne o=9 is lem than ex to tte Cobial Vahu

Com the nul hyphes het the mean

1S not equal to 0.28.
 Lincen Ryrsin and Conlatin
Linar
Cnsur a Singk heyresyar Vonihe
Ihe Simpl: lincar ssqrecsn Consider
Y Vanabe Y.
predic hoy Vomidde X anel a deyendont

Cohere, the intercp} Bo and th p Slope B ax unkngon

cofiients a sanl onn eOor.

heast Squar Metod

T5e mehod deast Squan luey
As to cotinake he rgorsen

exs te n ohsevahins in
n
VS Cguehon t1), Wewe may
Sample &'
J=Bo t B
the
Cnd te sum
Obsewahons

A and P Say R anolA

1he Leaut syans ceshmators

-2 Z(8-P-Bx)
 ttt ah tuo
quhn gis

nomal eyuahins, The

Ih
Equatins(R) ae caled ik laut syuare
Sltin t th nomal egan sesultt in Je least sguv
esthmatory B and P

heast Squares EstimaBes

Ih least Sqyuave, eshinatey t inkret and slepe in
the simyle biheor renin model are

()
L

"Ihe Ated eshimate eqossatn ne

 on tte bai te foliy
2 6

Y:

X y
4
4 16
3 49
4 6 36

34 34
33
49 35

(E) (Tc)
n

(Zx)?

(35)x(2s )
(28)

1S|-14o

28
The grenin bine ij
x 9=342t039X
 a
least Squar uacah ft to k folaoiry data sel
2
3 4

We Rave to fit t*
The thee nemal
eyan mencal
Constunt 9, b Qnd

X
x4

3 6-0
3
81
3-5 l6 64 14 S.o
3o 100 &

Substituhig th valus abtinel tom he in h nmal agun

[o = S t lob t 3oc -C)
-C2)
-L3)
8 = 3ua tlob+3 s4c

Mutiyg 6= 10b t 4oc - C4)

Next mulhig eqpn (2) y 3 ond hen subbachiy trom

 =14C
o.143
14

Subshhahing In

6- lobt 4u x

Subshhhig the values b and c in ey" ) ue jcl

lo = Sa + + 30
3s

38
3s

Thu b= 0-0t nc= o.143

4encr
 model
We occosinally frd that the skaht- bie Jereuin
|= K+ß+£ Is inampne tecaue the uc
Is noninco Some oth of these situatins, a nunnear

tunctin k Opresel as a
tsansfmin. Such nninear malels core callel inbinsiealy

As an exome a non bhcar madel thot s inbinskally

Bincar, cos ider the cpnenhàl onchin

Ihe funchin sis intsinieally Arcor, sine it con be tomfomel

Skail ine y legaathmi. tanfomatin
a

ht an eponental cure h torm Ae Bx er the

folaain data :
 Uond X in
eyn Jineor ai>-This
B-leyb ond loya A-
logb logo+XBXAt ly1+t
ft e sa,ldee each dogavthm lakig
point. n
set afo ae )
Cusmes Expnn
tial itig
) .
pants. n set o tit bst
the to
cu t e is t)obtauhcel so b'and Ca' vales thbith
jt eentlyCoseyu ond bond Afor shed be
equathins
Con
Thege
bsy AZV Suy= Ond
aci B
ond estinahiy
A foCqualins
r
Normal
ondU Vin inear This
a os
loV: on
-ya loy,A U:whrx,
+A U
blyx loga+bV
quwe
Side, each
blgy=omtinm Takig
pns. nst a oaxb Y=uye pouoey Ftig
aaof 1.
Nok
Tk noamal eyuahons tur Aane BCne!
esmati
ZU= nA BYx

Svin thex quatins fr Aand B, we inaly g

CA) ond B- Ontleg()
oith thes valws

bX
y= ae'
log= logat bxlge
(biny-)x
’ V= A BX
Chen U=loy, A=loqa ond B: bloge
This Is a Jhear equahen in X nd U. and te namal
eyuatins
Ond Sxu= Ax+ BX
hom thèc se tid Aand B
b B
comsegpenty a Anhlo
Anhle Acd
Taking Joganihm each Side

bhoe, V-log, o-lo1A and b: Bloye

Ihis a binear cquahn in Xandu and ttenogmal

XX0=a tb x
3-)
XU
0-845 0.s4f
.

3 |236 3.490
|43) 16
4.547 I5.34)

Subshtak thes Yalw in eyun () we yet

4.s47 =4q+ lob -(3

13.34) = luq+ 30b

and b : U.3942

onhloy (or)
A= anhlog (a): 0.3999 1- 13
B b 0.90í0
loye oy342
 A ..

Cossclatnchage
1fI the in one vacu abe feds a
Vouade. ) tte Vayabes ae sad to b (osc clang
in the othy

laed.
3! tte taup yauale s
deviate in te same l'rchen ,he, if
1ncayc (or dece) in une the
(or deceac) in t hesulh in a Cresprdig incocae
cher, osrelahon s Sal to be
þosti. d'et or
9f t tus Vauobky devide in
th ote d'rechin le, e
Intrease (o decsoose 9 In one
(o inseaye) in th cher
hesult in o Cesferdr denoe
cemelathon scul thh be div
fa exanpk- The incom ond exendhr i's poa hvy cacatz d,
Th ne ornd oemnd is
ngohiy conelak 4.
Kosl Yeaon's Cosficint o (orelahcn
Ty): Cory, y)

when, Cor(4):
2
-

Nok,i Cone lahin

cofuentclap 'a behoeen
4 S=t1, tk Ccmelchin is erket and +1
4L 8:-, th ond jouh
Th tnelehen cs ked ond nesahit
 Caleulak the Cosclation
(in inches) 4 tatkrs (X) enad tet Suns ( 9)'
X: 6 66 67 67 68 69 49
67 65
69

X
x2 y2
6s 67
66 68 4356
4355
(s 435
68 449
72 4624 Slss 469!
69

69 4830

38132 3450
37098

n &

CovCx,4)
JH*-z)(4-9
31s%0 -68X9

-0}35-63
469s-4lqL
(4625.5-4424) ( 66.S- 61)
or603
Contidence Tntervals
indgperrt
Uhder t aumphn ta the abscwations ae n¡maly ond
cb'stibud, a loo(l-)7o Cntidene intewal
Simpe ner

Su
<B< B+ tay,n Sx

Smlarly at loo(-)1. Conficl ene inleoval on te intrcept

Btu2
We wol fihd a 9s conidence inewad om slae he
eremin ine sig daBa =j.$43, San= O6808% ard

Bi- tap,? S*n

4.943- o.s, t Vo.6&0gr

4.947 - .lo)
Vo-80&J

This sinplhea to
[2.181 < B.< 1.7)3
Inkrprthn The CT does not inlude zN, So t r b shory enlne
lct a 0.0S) tht the slo pe not ze0.
 we oidh t test the
Constont bypthe sio that slope cqols a
B.o, The
Ho : Bi= B,0

Test stcchsie -
tBi-B,o wher, Ssu--(d
llas the t c'stabutin toith n-2
degees pecadom Imder
Ib)> ta2,1-2
A Simlar Can be ued to tst hypotheses abat the
intexcepk.
Test Stohs h'e

Sa

ord thii test

Stutsti to, 1s Such that lto) >tele, n-2.
 the P
Hh esthinated Value B0.q03693 , teat the hypthesi
B =).0 against he adernative that B<I.0
Gien- Sx 4s-I
Nall Mypatheys B,l.o
Alkenctie 1hothess i <).0 n33
tous,)=)-648
Test tatiie
V SxM

t 0. qU3643-1-o

t= -1-9
(oith n-2= 31
Seusen: 3i0ue t>ta,n-.Ne Re ject th nul
evide nce hat B<I.o
Syjory tat it Is a