Free Convection past Averted Plate

a.

.fi.÷¥±'i
Theorist '
Theorist
Guitarist

*
X
-

,
÷ I
'
:*.
Fat ¥ TNT
'
¥
Tin > To ,

→a.

Governing Equations [ Boussinesq approximate 's

fatty 0 almost constant when AT
-_
as
is small Hence density is constant
.

in continuity equation ]
conservation of momentum

uImtVG= fd% -94,1%-2

-

1=0
A

Energy Equation uftni-VGI.AE

zy2
④

From principle of hydrostatic '

dp [ Apply eqn tin potential

-dn= -109
µ,
flow region
-_•-fIfa=g]
substituting for dI
an
in 41

Ka%tv¥)=HHtu% ④
 Equation is
meaningless without the knowledge of variation
off . Hence energy equation is needed :

Bonssinesq Approximation,
P= -4¥) ( f- Coefficient of
thermal expansion ]
For small AT linear,
% as

Hot)=spCtto) For ideal

gas
substitute in ④
B=t%
"
Entr # -
-

gutta )tµ_¥
Non dimensional forms

n*=E y*=f ii.

% V*=% F-
Iffy ,

no --
Reference
velocity
II. that:=o
Fixing:-. tg¥¥af
"

u*fEt+v*E=¥fh
I
Re, =

Info D= I t.it
%
a.

Sacp

Multiplying Ref Iwith GBCTW -

To )L
→
 ari .

904%117%5
An =
gplten.tn# 2
✓

Hence the non dimensional term can be written at

gBLTw
-
-
To)L
= GI
Ref
'
Ho

If and forced connection

they 1 Free are
timeout
"
=

of comparable magnitude
9w' Const
'
=

9%111.mn#eaea
t.is ii.
I÷
I Nui= FIRE ,
Pr )

In > To
µµpt If
Gigg ,
>a forced connection neglected
UN
Nui flare Pr ) ,

Rayleigh Number Ra Anpr

-
-

Vertical plate A- 354,4)

Nllmmixed =
Ntlhrced I Ntttrmee Horizontal cylinder 35

Forced
Horizontal cylinder girl const
Nnaiod =
4
connection "" "

:
Atm
Re
 of no T4gtoL
pohlhasenjl o-uref~fgpftw.tw
Order of magnitude
'
Gra Re

)l

For Tw 1006 To 30% f- Im g- 981 p

¥+50.0015
- -_ .

How 1.0079 mls

Exact solution By similarity transformation

A- I sent:xRe% constant temperature

81N
( Pohlhansan, Ostrich)
Blasius used nn%Rek
Rek.hr "4 [ From constant
"
But above
) Qw -

sparrow, Gregg
Pohlhansen added a constant § ,
hence
"4
44
a- In dh= dy -

fifty )
't
f =
TI
Tw -
To

Get TEN n
Yen,yI= lady

4cm ,y1=UretffiNx¥n)"4
•

to
Umt¥µ4"fH
But Urefsf4gpltw.to/T
 ✓
-

^
"
Fln)
Yen y)
4gpctw-tokg-g.ee 4
= . -

4J9twI¥µ 4%1 H4 .

44ft)" of
"
=

f4uµ )
"
41491 =
flat

The
velocity component can be expressed as

it = 21
A
=

II. the
Oy
n

Fd4ol9 "¥lh¥) "

¥ Grnk Em
Une t

24
-01
GIN date a)
V =

no
= + .
14 is a function of

"
Faf4%l9ktw It Fifa
= -

" "
n .

I µct¥Iµ 3 =

yfspltg.gg# si"

Em =
g. µk¥Y%¥i%
 qHtIIj
"
=
g. x
-

for
"
I. =

¥4;-) at

"

faµf
"
it
I v. fault
-

④a %tinBf¥E "my
=

-1¥ ,
arn" EH4
-

tank ? ffn }
"
✓
¥ Griffin) Ing + a) I
-

, dh

Ii Eat Erik
A-
80L
= ai'¥¥n -

f. ahodIµ arn"
Fy= dIiF,
lark

t.ee#aroi4Fy--
a.
¥d¥µ .

"

¥ ,
-

arn date
 G. =

ELENI,
I
fy2
=
a.
n¥I¥

uamtuE-VF.tk "

substitute above values in eqn

daIµtHd¥w -2*440=0
At 4=0 , NO V=0
II -0
U=O
, y→N , '

At 40 d£n=o ,
f. o

At an office ,
d¥nf0

Energy Equation

utImtv¥=a% .

adfnE.tv#iEy=aEnt tIanIlEayT-=a2aii Edfm

.%if¥fa¥3"
"
E)

-1¥ ,

ariEEHN-tar.it?.daIIFnELaraq)k=xdaIneLEf "
I
'
a-
ada¥fEf¥)"3 't sit
fEf¥)")IdIn)=O
x%Iµt3of%n=0
daIµt3Efdfn=o LAE]

dI%t3PrfdaIn=O

Boundary condition
At g. 0 F- Tin = constant
,

At A- 0 04
,

At red 0:O
yaw ,

Shooting Method
dt g

:|
do
9
=
=

dn In

dg h
daInt3Prfy -0
=

dm
'

ddh-nt-3f.tn -2g -10=0

* not " .

!±¥: III. :L ?

OC4-7BN)=0
dhe

III.i. so
 KI
i:÷::l
Iw!I
-

h . = -

kEgIµ= k¥-1 -

,
-
-

KEnfn.FI
"
kami I
= -

A- 0

"
Nu×=h%= 111,4¥)
06761¥
!
do
=

It -

4.861 +
Rfk

Nu×=f¥"f¥%µ) ( ostrich solution)

BBB

÷¥..⑤①#→.
Aaa
'
4- =f
Wet
⑤ A

n
For increasing Pr, the velocity boundary layer and thermal boundary
becomes smaller .

I =

I {Wal da

*
÷ .

¥t "l%%I
In
" "
Its t
" =

El:%IBH± In "

"
¥ I Eta " I
"
¥ Is I

Nii;
GNU #4
Constant Heat Flux Qw 's constant
sparrow and Gregg
[ For constant temperature)
Tiffin
a-

"
Into KDI
Q
)
-
=

[
"
•= For Qw constant ay
1%4)
-

ftw To )n QI
= -

*
- K

?
Gra =gTiR 2
✓

G. git =
go Quiet Modified Ar for Quite constant
Dim any [ replace ybyn]
When Sparrow tried with power
45
f
n
If qg
=

44 the relationship could not be

rightly captured
"
1=1471) t
Hay
From Blasius µ zare.in
'
k
Arf Rea't
Ine 't 44
n

"ret n

5fG¥1%-1 2

urefdfqftknfdh-s.la#FEe.aEsII
YC4Y) =
fudy =

"
 449) =

stuff)%

%
4
an

9ha
=* off . t

T.fi
I
.

& .
•
4¥n¥¥)±
/

" Fta
Qw
.
=

"
Q 's
41

uafa-ivhfy-othy-i-gpohfafiEF.am
"
Eat vEy=d¥z
Momentum equation becomes

daft -34¥) 't 4th -0=0

, ,

ddIµ Prf4fdInto¥n)
- -0

At y :O
¥h=O ,
f- 0

f" to )=
At AN
data -0 ?
At y=o

KEI
"
Qw
EHn Ey
-
. -

-ko¥rf¥a¥ tide 1h

arit.mg#---Qw.daInIn.odO-dq---I
At NO DI . -1
dm

AN OCH -0

:I l:::l:::÷T
Prda¥tn 0t

100 0.11262 0.465

OC4 = The
Qw I
Man .

h%= %In
Twink

=aif¥=f¥ot→
Echo )kQw"n
 Max .

'En iii. Etihad

hnwat.in
" aminarl
I 1.256 , hI= 1.1364
ha~noI-n.ge
=
,

Laminar Turbulent
( turbulent)

Approximate Method twconstant

Assume 8=4 {quire)

§FndytfIFydy=f%dyto%ktTafdy 4)

IuIdy dfydy.fi#zdy
TK
41

¥%dyto¥ydy =o ④

b. 4! =

-1%-4

: ":÷÷¥
Lay
.
 %dCuvl-jukydy-uvlotf ufdy-fufadyf.no#dy
{ vafydy =

=
v¥! =

-0%4 ,

put all these in

2
[ uEmdy = -
V
ftp.t/%ACFTn)dy
'

£f n'
dy = -

VGIy.at?sgpCt-To)dy Momentum
Integral Equation
¥
From
energy equation 121 we have 3 Unknowns 8,4 and Mnet,
so squire considered sins .

[ u%dyt [ fycvtldytfstffdy-hfyly.io T

{ u
{Indy t.IT Indy titty ly
?¥dy
-
To = -

dqffbult-tafdyJ-o-ddfyly.o-kfyly.j-hltw.to
^

)
For approximate velocity profile [ cubic

Imf
At BL3Y-4IH DL4P

Boundary conditions

unit .o ulna)=o
Tru
G- Is)
Jubei
0%71*0=-111%1 I Apply momentum

equation at the wall

or
%%/n =

-0¥ Cftw )
a- to
]
0%7+98911=0
,

Using these boundary condition,

%Ti¥iIIif
That IC1-1IH
= =
name

To find the point of maximum

Anio =B
hit
U
y I -

Tuatha ,
=

IT 3

[ We can't go for a

"" :i O:¥I%:*:*
inflexion between
0 and 83

May
 Temperature Profile ( using quadratic approximation)
2
• =
At B , +
4 (f) [ Here we can even
go for linear profile)
conditions
Boundary
OL40) =L
I = A +0+0 → A- I
• ( hit ) - O
o = It Btc Dtt -

Jnln.IO
•
0 = B -12C

CH , D= -2

0=1 -

24th 0=442
Putting it and 0 in momentum integral eqn and energy integral eqn

'

.at?sg0 CTw-To)ofa%4Fef.sJ=tzgpCTwto)s-vurgef
%f n'
dy = -

ruffly
41

Energy Equation ,
ddnalurets) -

¥ to

Eat ,
II. daft,7y=2CtwjI
let us assume Uref = 4am
f =
G yuh
From Pohllaasen similarity solution

Urefv N2 ( M %):

R"
'
f n
In -

4)
But can't this value
we use
directly because these come

from similarity solution .

"""

2mufg.hn 442k
gpltw.tn/4;I-qvxm-n
-

44km
""

M5T 2€ In
=

2Mt n I - = n = M-
h

Mth = -
h

m =
I A-
¥
Unef =
Ga
"
s =
Czx"4

fqcihak-gpctw¥24
.to/G.n4-IauakIo44rik--
5.1740952 )" Greek
'

they
=
the

3.93 PIK (0.952+14) "4GrI"4

§ =

Nun ,
=
-

-
KEyly.ua =
-
k
-
Eon Egon
(Twutafk Ltw -
To)k
 *Ehn;
=

I Enter

0 : I -24hL
tgx -2k IT
-
= =

to = -42N
8h

Nun =
0508µg
µ , ( 0.952 the)"4

solution
Comparing this with
similarity
Nun =
0.478µg
¥4 (0861-14)×4

Natural connection In other configurations

X momentum

ufntvfy-VIIyztgcaoplt afi.is#.. i
%?y
.
"
"

u%w¥*Ei
=
gcosopfw.to/nj
we
 For configuration where 0 :

Iz
-

uam-ivhfy-%Ea-okapta.IE#w
X momentum

> to
Y momentum
•

f- Ioy =
ghetto ) →

Penn and Gebbart

45
Nun :O .

5013 Gr ! pr "
n -
-

In

Finite Male In Horizontal Direction

To
To
3

For regions t and 4

Nui 054 Rail

Rtc =
GK14 = GRATE
For regions 2 and 3 Ta
NIE 0.27 Raft
www.
Ii!!!
'

""

For vertical Plates

t Ra , C LOK
"
10

-10.3874%44%7%3
NI , =
0.825

Sphere
"4
Nud = 2-10.43 Rad Rad Lw5

Natural Connection Inside Enclosures

2D

÷.

qY
←% -
& ¥70
29
qy
→ -
IL0
2g

Th To
Unstable stable

Rayleigh -
Beri and convection cells
 Graham de VAN davis

÷ .

Tnµ%
Introduction to convective Heat
Transfer Analysis
-
Oosthuizen , Naylor
Chapter 8 section 8.9

Assuming hi ,

Nun =
018 Rank 10's Rail 104
=
0.065k¥ 104C Ray 106

Mixed Connection
1. b. 1. I.

µ • a. a

1111
a
a.
Re

solution
'

No similarity
!! µ
When this> I 4 based on At
Rica n based on forced connection .