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Lecture 1 - Introduction To Biomedical Engineering

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Neeraj Adhikari
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99 views

Lecture 1 - Introduction To Biomedical Engineering

Uploaded by

Neeraj Adhikari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BIOMEDICAL

ENGINEERING

WELCOME TO
FUNDAMENTALS OF
BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
CHEN 5810 | 6810
August 16, 2023

1
What is Biomedical Engineering? BIOMEDICAL
ENGINEERING

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
Engineering that is applied to human health

Things we put on
our bodies (PPE,
The physical human body
Things we put in our contact lenses,
bodies prosthetics, etc.)
(pharmaceuticals,
medical devices, etc.)

2
Who is contributing to this field? BIOMEDICAL
ENGINEERING

• Highly interdisciplinary
• Chemists
• Biologists
• Clinicians
• Material scientists
• Chemical, electrical, mechanical engineers
• Others
• Collaboration is key to success.
• Typically engineers are bringing groups together and integrate
multiple areas of needed expertise.
• Need to speak multiple languages.

3
Kidney Dialysis BIOMEDICAL
ENGINEERING

• Kidney dialysis machines cleanse


the blood of impurities.
• First practical artificial kidney: 1940s
• Engineers today: smaller, more
effective, and more affordable dialysis
machines

• Many breakthroughs in kidney


dialysis have been made by
chemical engineers
• Portable, fail-safe, single-patient
dialysis machine designed by
chemical-biochemical engineer Les
Babb in 1964, named one of the “Ten
Wonders of Biomedical Engineering”

Adapted from http://www.chemicalengineering.org/biomed/achieve.html and www.ivy-rose.co.uk


4
Diabetes Treatment BIOMEDICAL
ENGINEERING

Through the combined efforts of Glucose level monitoring


chemical engineers, physicians, and • Recent innovations:
biomedical researchers, improved
techniques for monitoring blood glucose • Microanalytical techniques that require
levels and administering insulin have smaller blood samples
been developed. • Continuous glucose monitors that are
implanted beneath the skin
• Use of implanted microchips to control
insulin addition.

Insulin injection
• New advances include:
• Automatic, continuous-infusion insulin
injection pumps little larger than a cell
phone, and
• Compact pens that combine the insulin
Sensors for automatic glucose monitoring systems. container with the syringe.
Courtesy of Ben Feldman, PhD, Abbott Diabetes Care.

5
Regenerative and Tissue Engineering BIOMEDICAL
ENGINEERING

Tissue science and


engineering is the use of
physical, chemical,
biological, and engineering
processes to control and
direct the aggregate
behavior of cells.

Cardiomyocytes aligned on
nanopatterned PEG Scale bar = 5
μm

6
Drug and Gene Delivery BIOMEDICAL
ENGINEERING

• Drugs traditionally delivered by mouth or


injection
• Chemical and biomedical engineers worked
together to devise improved delivery techniques
• Increased efficacy and safety of delivery
• Enhanced comfort and convenience for
patient

• Early examples:
• Nasal sprays that deliver finely atomized
amounts of drug via inhalation
• Transdermal patches that deliver controlled
doses through skin
• Controlled-release capsules and wafers
that deliver over extended period

7
Drug and Gene Delivery BIOMEDICAL
ENGINEERING

Current work: Targeted delivery


• Novel vehicles deliver a drug precisely to
the targeted organ, tissue, or tumor
• Drug then released in response to an
internal or external trigger and in the
amount required at the site
• Advantages:
• Reduce or delay premature degradation of
a drug once it is in the body
• Maximize the ability of a drug to travel
through the body to the target site without
affecting healthy tissue
• Minimize the total amount of the drug that
must be administered
• Reduce potential side effects

8
Can you think of a medical advancement
that engineering has contributed to in your BIOMEDICAL
ENGINEERING

lifetime?
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9
Rest of today BIOMEDICAL
ENGINEERING

• Course topics and syllabus


• Resources for finding information
• Discussion board use

• Homework:
• Read chapter 1, article posted
• Complete survey on Canvas
• Syllabus acknowledgement on Canvas

10

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