Disk File I/O with Streams

--Prof. S.N.Shelke
Disk File I/O with Streams
 Using a file in a program is a simple three-step process

 The file must be opened.

 If the file does not yet exits, opening it means creating it.

 Use File

 Read Content from the file

 Copy content to File

 When the program is finished using the file, the file must be closed.
 File streams

 File Stream are

 Binary file

 Text File
 File streams

 Binary File:-

 The stream of this type is set by applying ios::binary flag.

 It is set while opening a file.

 Text Stream:

 If ios::binary is not set treated as a text stream.

 Setting program for File I/O

 Before file I/O can be performed, a C++ program must be set up properly.

 File access requires the inclusion of fstream.h

 Opening a File

 Before data can be written to or read from a file, the file must be opened.

open (filename, mode);

 File
 Let see fstream which defines three new data types:

 To perform file processing in C++, header files <iostream> and <fstream> must be

included in your C++ source file.

 File Opening Modes
Mode Explanation

ios :: in Open a file for reading

ios :: out Open a file for writing

ios :: app Appends data to the end of the file

File pointer moves to the end of the file but

ios :: ate
allows to writes data in any location in the file

ios :: binary Binary File

ios :: trunc Deletes the contents of the file before opening

 All these flags can be combined using the bitwise operator OR (|).

 For example

ofstream myfile;
myfile.open ("example.bin", ios::out | ios::app | ios::binary);
 Default Mode for File opening

class default mode parameter

ofstream ios::out
ifstream ios::in
fstream ios::in | ios::out
 Closing File

 Once file operation are completed it must me notified to system using

stream member function close.

fileObject.close();
 Open file for Writing
#include<iostream> Output:
#include<fstream>
Data written to file
using namespace std;
int main()
{
ofstream ofile;
Contains of file.txt:
ofile.open("file.txt");
ofile << "This is a line in a file" << endl; This is a line in a file
ofile << "This is another line" << endl; This is another line
cout << "Data written to file" << endl;
ofile.close(); // close the file
return 0;
}
 Open file for Reading
#include<iostream>
Output:
#include<fstream>
using namespace std; Reading data from a file :-
int main() {
char data[100]; This is a line in a file
ifstream ifile; This is another line
ifile.open("file.txt");
cout << "Reading data from a file :-" << endl << endl;
while (!ifile.eof()) {
ifile.getline(data, 100); // read a line from file
Contains of file.txt:
cout << data << endl; // print the file to console
} This is a line in a file
This is another line
ifile.close(); // close the file
return 0;
}
 File Operations using fstream: Write
#include<iostream> else {
#include<fstream> // proceed with further operations
using namespace std; cout << "Enter a line : ";
cin.getline(line, 100);
int main() { file << line << endl; // Append the line to the file
char line[100]; cout << "Line written into the file" << endl;
fstream file; // declare an object of fstream }
class file.close();
file.open("file.txt", ios :: out | ios :: app); // return 0;
open file in append mode }
if (file.fail()) { // check if file is opened
//successfully
// file opening failed
cout << "Error Opening file ... " << endl;
}
 File Operations using fstream: Read
#include<iostream>
else {
#include<fstream>
while (!file.eof()) {
using namespace std;
file.getline(line, 100);
int main() {
cout << line << endl;
char line[100];
}
fstream file; // declare an object of fstream
file.close();
class
return 0;
file.open("file.txt", ios :: in);
}
if (file.fail()) { // check if file is opened
successfully
// file opening failed
cout << "Error Opening file ... " << endl;
}
 Reading /Writing class objects to a file
#include<iostream> void student :: getdata() {
#include<fstream> cout << "\nEnter Roll No. : ";
using namespace std; cin >> rollno;
class student cin.ignore();
{ cout << "Enter Name : ";
int rollno; cin.getline(name, 30);
char name[30]; cout << "Enter Marks : ";
float marks; cin >> marks;
public: }
student() { } void student :: display() {
void getdata(); cout << "\nRoll No. : " << rollno << endl;
void display(); cout << "Name : " << name << endl;
}; cout << "Marks : " << marks << endl;
}
int main() { file.open("objects.txt", ios :: in);
student s[3]; cout << "\nReading Student
fstream file; information from file ::::" << endl;
int i; for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
file.open("objects.txt", ios :: out); {
cout << "\nWriting Student information file.read((char *)&s[i], sizeof(s[i]));
to the file :::: " << endl; s[i].display();
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) }
{ file.close(); // close the file
s[i].getdata();
file.write((char *)&s[i], sizeof(s[i])); return 0;
} }
file.close(); // close the file
 Prof. S. N. Shelke
(Assistant Professor)
Department of Computer
Engineering
Sinhgad Academy of Engineering,
Kondhwa, Pune