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Sensor Signal (PWM) - Test (M0081162-17)

SMCS - 1439 i10192435

General Information
PIP
-
202 1071
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is a technique for controlling analog circuits with digital outputs. The
duty cycle of a square wave is modulated to encode a specific analog signal level. The duty cycle is

4
19: 07/2 795
/ 3
the ratio of the on-time to the period. The modulating frequency is the inverse of the period. The
duty cycle is programmed into the software of the Electronic Control Module (ECM).

4
M0 2:12- 9
The following table or tables are a list of Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) that are associated with

0
© 2 8116 04:00
the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) sensors of the machine. Each DTC is made up of two numbers.
The first number is the Component Identifier (CID). The second number is the Failure Mode
Identifier (FMI). Each ECM on a machine has an assigned Module Identifier (MID). For additional
024 2
information, refer to Special Instruction, REHS0126 , "Diagnostic Code Information for Caterpillar ®
Electronic Control".
Cat
erp
The following diagram or diagrams are simplified schematics. The schematics are electrically

illa
correct. However, not all possible harness connectors are shown. Refer to the latest revision of the

rI
Electrical Schematic for a complete representation of all connections.

nc.
Machine ECM 1
The following is a list of Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) that are associated with the PWM
sensors of the machine.

Table 1

Machine ECM 1 (MID J1939 299 - CDL 39)

Diagnostic Trouble Code

J1939 CDL System Response
Description
The signal for the right side attachment
1129- Right Side Attachment Pedal Sensor:
- pedal is not valid, the signal is not
3 Voltage Above Normal
recognized by the ECM.
The signal for the right side attachment
1129- Right Side Attachment Pedal Sensor:
- pedal is not valid, the signal is not
4 Voltage Below Normal
recognized by the ECM.
Right Side Attachment Pedal Sensor: The signal for the right side attachment
1129-
- Abnormal Frequency, Pulse Width, or pedal is not valid, the signal is not
8
Period recognized by the ECM.

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1968- Boom Cylinder Rod End Pressure The boom cylinder cannot be lowered
-
3 Sensor: Voltage Above Normal when requested.
1968- Boom Cylinder Rod End Pressure The boom cylinder cannot be lowered
-
4 Sensor: Voltage Below Normal when requested.
Boom Cylinder Rod End Pressure
1968- The boom cylinder cannot be lowered
- Sensor: Abnormal Frequency, Pulse
8 when requested.
Width, or Period
1969- Boom Cylinder Head End Pressure The boom cylinder cannot be raised
-
2 Sensor: Erratic, Intermittent, or Incorrect when requested.
1969- Boom Cylinder Head End Pressure The boom cylinder cannot be raised
-
3 Sensor: Voltage Above Normal when requested.
1969- Boom Cylinder Head End Pressure The boom cylinder cannot be raised
-
4 Sensor: Voltage Below Normal when requested.
Boom Cylinder Head End Pressure
1969- The boom cylinder cannot be raised
- Sensor: Abnormal Frequency, Pulse
8 when requested.
Width, or Period
1972- Stick Cylinder Rod End Pressure The stick cylinder cannot be raised
-
3 Sensor: Voltage Above Normal when requested.
1972- Stick Cylinder Rod End Pressure The stick cylinder cannot be raised
-
4 Sensor: Voltage Below Normal when requested.
Stick Cylinder Rod End Pressure
1972- The stick cylinder cannot be raised
- Sensor: Abnormal Frequency, Pulse
8 when requested.
Width, or Period
1973- Stick Cylinder Head End Pressure The stick cylinder cannot be lowered
-
2 Sensor: Erratic, Intermittent, or Incorrect when requested.
1973- Stick Cylinder Head End Pressure The stick cylinder cannot be lowered
-
3 Sensor: Voltage Above Normal when requested.
1973- Stick Cylinder Head End Pressure The stick cylinder cannot be lowered
-
4 Sensor: Voltage Below Normal when requested.
Stick Cylinder Head End Pressure
1973- The stick cylinder cannot be lowered
- Sensor: Abnormal Frequency, Pulse
8 when requested.
Width, or Period
The signal for the straight travel pedal
2142- Straight Travel Pedal Position Sensor:
- is not valid, the signal is not
3 Voltage Above Normal
recognized by the ECM.
The signal for the straight travel pedal
2142- Straight Travel Pedal Position Sensor:
- is not valid, the signal is not
4 Voltage Below Normal
recognized by the ECM.
Straight Travel Pedal Position Sensor: The signal for the straight travel pedal
2142-
- Abnormal Frequency, Pulse Width, or is not valid, the signal is not
8
Period recognized by the ECM.
- 2265- Hydraulic Pump #1 Outlet Pressure The outlet pressure of the pump will be
2 Sensor: Erratic, Intermittent, or Incorrect monitored by the #2 outlet pressure

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sensor.
The outlet pressure of the pump will be
2265- Hydraulic Pump #1 Outlet Pressure
- monitored by the #2 outlet pressure
3 Sensor: Voltage Above Normal
sensor.
The outlet pressure of the pump will be
2265- Hydraulic Pump #1 Outlet Pressure
- monitored by the #2 outlet pressure
4 Sensor: Voltage Below Normal
sensor.
Hydraulic Pump #1 Outlet Pressure The outlet pressure of the pump will be
2265-
- Sensor: Abnormal Frequency, Pulse monitored by the #2 outlet pressure
8
Width, or Period sensor.
The outlet pressure of the pump will be
2266- Hydraulic Pump #2 Outlet Pressure
- monitored by the #1 outlet pressure
2 Sensor: Erratic, Intermittent, or Incorrect
sensor.
The outlet pressure of the pump will be
2266- Hydraulic Pump #2 Outlet Pressure
- monitored by the #1 outlet pressure
3 Sensor: Voltage Above Normal
sensor.
The outlet pressure of the pump will be
2266- Hydraulic Pump #2 Outlet Pressure
- monitored by the #1 outlet pressure
4 Sensor: Voltage Below Normal
sensor.
Hydraulic Pump #2 Outlet Pressure The outlet pressure of the pump will be
2266-
- Sensor: Abnormal Frequency, Pulse monitored by the #1 outlet pressure
8
Width, or Period sensor.
The signal for the joystick function is
2474- Left Joystick Forward/Reverse Position
- not valid, the signal is not recognized
2 Sensor: Erratic, Intermittent, or Incorrect
by the ECM.
The signal for the joystick function is
2474- Left Joystick Forward/Reverse Position
- not valid, the signal is not recognized
3 Sensor: Voltage Above Normal
by the ECM.
The signal for the joystick function is
2474- Left Joystick Forward/Reverse Position
- not valid, the signal is not recognized
4 Sensor: Voltage Below Normal
by the ECM.
Left Joystick Forward/Reverse Position The signal for the joystick function is
2474-
- Sensor: Abnormal Frequency, Pulse not valid, the signal is not recognized
8
Width, or Period by the ECM.
The signal for the joystick function is
2475- Right Joystick Forward/Reverse Position
- not valid, the signal is not recognized
2 Sensor: Erratic, Intermittent, or Incorrect
by the ECM.
The signal for the joystick function is
2475- Right Joystick Forward/Reverse Position
- not valid, the signal is not recognized
3 Sensor: Voltage Above Normal
by the ECM.
The signal for the joystick function is
2475- Right Joystick Forward/Reverse Position
- not valid, the signal is not recognized
4 Sensor: Voltage Below Normal
by the ECM.
- 2475- Right Joystick Forward/Reverse Position The signal for the joystick function is
8 Sensor: Abnormal Frequency, Pulse not valid, the signal is not recognized
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Width, or Period by the ECM.

The signal for the joystick function is
2476- Left Joystick Left/Right Position Sensor:
- not valid, the signal is not recognized
2 Erratic, Intermittent, or Incorrect
by the ECM.
The signal for the joystick function is
2476- Left Joystick Left/Right Position Sensor:
- not valid, the signal is not recognized
3 Voltage Above Normal
by the ECM.
The signal for the joystick function is
2476- Left Joystick Left/Right Position Sensor:
- not valid, the signal is not recognized
4 Voltage Below Normal
by the ECM.
Left Joystick Left/Right Position Sensor: The signal for the joystick function is
2476-
- Abnormal Frequency, Pulse Width, or not valid, the signal is not recognized
8
Period by the ECM.
The signal for the joystick function is
2477- Right Joystick Left/Right Position
- not valid, the signal is not recognized
2 Sensor: Erratic, Intermittent, or Incorrect
by the ECM.
The signal for the joystick function is
2477- Right Joystick Left/Right Position
- not valid, the signal is not recognized
3 Sensor: Voltage Above Normal
by the ECM.
The signal for the joystick function is
2477- Right Joystick Left/Right Position
- not valid, the signal is not recognized
4 Sensor: Voltage Below Normal
by the ECM.
Right Joystick Left/Right Position The signal for the joystick function is
2477-
- Sensor: Abnormal Frequency, Pulse not valid, the signal is not recognized
8
Width, or Period by the ECM.
4576- Bucket Angle Sensor: Voltage Above The bucket functions may be
-
3 Normal inoperable.
4576- Bucket Angle Sensor: Voltage Below The bucket functions may be
-
4 Normal inoperable.
4576- Bucket Angle Sensor: Abnormal The bucket functions may be
-
8 Frequency, Pulse Width, or Period inoperable.
5332- Left Travel Pedal Position Sensor: The left travel functions may be
-
2 Erratic, Intermittent, or Incorrect inoperable.
5332- Left Travel Pedal Position Sensor: The left travel functions may be
-
3 Voltage Above Normal inoperable.
5332- Left Travel Pedal Position Sensor: The left travel functions may be
-
4 Voltage Below Normal inoperable.
Left Travel Pedal Position Sensor:
5332- The left travel functions may be
- Abnormal Frequency, Pulse Width, or
8 inoperable.
Period
5333- Swing Motor Angle Sensor Signal #1: The swing functions may be
-
2 Erratic, Intermittent, or Incorrect inoperable.
- 5333- Swing Motor Angle Sensor Signal #1: The swing functions may be

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3 Voltage Above Normal inoperable.

5333- Swing Motor Angle Sensor Signal #1: The swing functions may be
-
4 Voltage Below Normal inoperable.
Swing Motor Angle Sensor Signal #1:
5333- The swing functions may be
- Abnormal Frequency, Pulse Width, or
8 inoperable.
Period
5334- Swing Motor Angle Sensor Signal #2: The swing functions may be
-
2 Erratic, Intermittent, or Incorrect inoperable.
5334- Swing Motor Angle Sensor Signal #2: The swing functions may be
-
3 Voltage Above Normal inoperable.
5334- Swing Motor Angle Sensor Signal #2: The swing functions may be
-
4 Voltage Below Normal inoperable.
Swing Motor Angle Sensor Signal #2:
5334- The swing functions may be
- Abnormal Frequency, Pulse Width, or
8 inoperable.
Period
5352- Right Travel Pedal Position Sensor: The right travel functions may be
-
2 Erratic, Intermittent, or Incorrect inoperable.
5352- Right Travel Pedal Position Sensor: The right travel functions may be
-
3 Voltage Above Normal inoperable.
5352- Right Travel Pedal Position Sensor: The right travel functions may be
-
4 Voltage Below Normal inoperable.
Right Travel Pedal Position Sensor:
5352- The right travel functions may be
- Abnormal Frequency, Pulse Width, or
8 inoperable.
Period

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is a technique for controlling analog circuits with digital outputs.
PWM is employed in various applications ranging from measurement to communication with the
Electronic Control Module (ECM). The duty cycle of a square wave is modulated to encode a
specific analog signal level. The duty cycle is the ratio of the on-time to the period. The modulating
frequency is the inverse of the period. The duty cycle is programmed into the software of the ECM.
The engineer (or programmer) sets the period in the on-chip timer counter that provides the
modulating square wave. The engineer sets the direction of the PWM output along with the on-time
in the PWM control register.

One of the advantages of the PWM sensor is that the signal is digital from the ECM to the controlled
system. No digital to analog conversion is necessary. By using a digital signal, noise effects are
minimized. Noise affects a digital signal if the noise can change a logic 1 to a logic 0 or a logic 0 to
a logic 1.

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Illustration 1 g06322373
Machine ECM 1 PWM Sensors

The preceding diagrams are simplified schematics of the Machine ECM 1 connections. The
schematic is electrically correct. However, not all the possible harness connectors are shown. Refer
to the latest revision of the Electrical Schematic to view the entire circuitry of the machine.

Machine ECM 2
The following is a list of Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) that are associated with the solenoid
valves of the machine.

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Table 2

Machine ECM 2 (MID J1939 432 - CDL 145)

J1939 CDL Diagnostic Trouble Code Description System Response
1130- Left Side Attachment Pedal Sensor: Voltage The left side attachment pedal
-
3 Above Normal functions may be inoperable.
1130- Left Side Attachment Pedal Sensor: Voltage The left side attachment pedal
-
4 Below Normal functions may be inoperable.
1130- Left Side Attachment Pedal Sensor: Abnormal The left side attachment pedal
-
8 Frequency, Pulse Width, or Period functions may be inoperable.
1970- Bucket Cylinder Rod End Pressure Sensor: The bucket open functions may
-
3 Voltage Above Normal be inoperable.
1970- Bucket Cylinder Rod End Pressure Sensor: The bucket open functions may
-
4 Voltage Below Normal be inoperable.
1970- Bucket Cylinder Rod End Pressure Sensor: The bucket open functions may
-
8 Abnormal Frequency, Pulse Width, or Period be inoperable.
1971- Bucket Cylinder Head End Pressure Sensor: The bucket close functions may
-
3 Voltage Above Normal be inoperable.
1971- Bucket Cylinder Head End Pressure Sensor: The bucket close functions may
-
4 Voltage Below Normal be inoperable.
1971- Bucket Cylinder Head End Pressure Sensor: The bucket close functions may
-
8 Abnormal Frequency, Pulse Width, or Period be inoperable.
1980- Attachment #1 Cylinder Rod End Pressure The attachment #1 rod end
-
3 Sensor: Voltage Above Normal functions may be inoperable.
1980- Attachment #1 Cylinder Rod End Pressure The attachment #1 rod end
-
4 Sensor: Voltage Below Normal functions may be inoperable.
Attachment #1 Cylinder Rod End Pressure
1980- The attachment #1 rod end
- Sensor: Abnormal Frequency, Pulse Width, or
8 functions may be inoperable.
Period
1981- Attachment #1 Cylinder Head End Pressure The attachment #1 head end
-
3 Sensor: Voltage Above Normal functions may be inoperable.
1981- Attachment #1 Cylinder Head End Pressure The attachment #1 head end
-
4 Sensor: Voltage Below Normal functions may be inoperable.
Attachment #1 Cylinder Head End Pressure
1981- The attachment #1 head end
- Sensor: Abnormal Frequency, Pulse Width, or
8 functions may be inoperable.
Period
5235- Right Joystick Thumbwheel #1 Position The right joystick thumbwheel
-
3 Sensor: Voltage Above Normal #1 functions may be inoperable.
5235- Right Joystick Thumbwheel #1 Position The right joystick thumbwheel
-
4 Sensor: Voltage Below Normal #1 functions may be inoperable.
- 5235- Right Joystick Thumbwheel #1 Position The right joystick thumbwheel
8 Sensor: Abnormal Frequency, Pulse Width, or #1 functions may be inoperable.
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Period
5236- Right Joystick Thumbwheel #2 Position The right joystick thumbwheel
-
3 Sensor: Voltage Above Normal #2 functions may be inoperable.
5236- Right Joystick Thumbwheel #2 Position The right joystick thumbwheel
-
4 Sensor: Voltage Below Normal #2 functions may be inoperable.
Right Joystick Thumbwheel #2 Position
5236- The right joystick thumbwheel
- Sensor: Abnormal Frequency, Pulse Width, or
8 #2 functions may be inoperable.
Period
5237- Left Joystick Thumbwheel #1 Position Sensor: The left joystick thumbwheel #1
-
3 Voltage Above Normal functions may be inoperable.
5237- Left Joystick Thumbwheel #1 Position Sensor: The left joystick thumbwheel #1
-
4 Voltage Below Normal functions may be inoperable.
5237- Left Joystick Thumbwheel #1 Position Sensor: The left joystick thumbwheel #1
-
8 Abnormal Frequency, Pulse Width, or Period functions may be inoperable.
5238- Left Joystick Thumbwheel #2 Position Sensor: The left joystick thumbwheel #2
-
3 Voltage Above Normal functions may be inoperable.
5238- Left Joystick Thumbwheel #2 Position Sensor: The left joystick thumbwheel #2
-
4 Voltage Below Normal functions may be inoperable.
5238- Left Joystick Thumbwheel #2 Position Sensor: The left joystick thumbwheel #2
-
8 Abnormal Frequency, Pulse Width, or Period functions may be inoperable.
5881- Blade Lift Lever Position Sensor: Voltage The blade functions may be
-
3 Above Normal inoperable.
5881- Blade Lift Lever Position Sensor: Voltage The blade functions may be
-
4 Below Normal inoperable.
5881- Blade Lift Lever Position Sensor: Abnormal The blade functions may be
-
8 Frequency, Pulse Width, or Period inoperable.

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is a technique for controlling analog circuits with digital outputs.
PWM is employed in various applications ranging from measurement to communication with the
Electronic Control Module (ECM). The duty cycle of a square wave is modulated to encode a
specific analog signal level. The duty cycle is the ratio of the on-time to the period. The modulating
frequency is the inverse of the period. The duty cycle is programmed into the software of the ECM.
The engineer (or programmer) sets the period in the on-chip timer counter that provides the
modulating square wave. The engineer sets the direction of the PWM output along with the on-time
in the PWM control register.

One of the advantages of the PWM sensor is that the signal is digital from the ECM to the controlled
system. No digital to analog conversion is necessary. By using a digital signal, noise effects are
minimized. Noise affects a digital signal if the noise can change a logic 1 to a logic 0 or a logic 0 to
a logic 1.

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PIP
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4 7 / 2
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Illustration 2 g06624045
Machine ECM 2 PWM Sensors

The preceding diagram is a simplified schematic of the Machine ECM 2 connections. The schematic
is electrically correct. However, not all the possible harness connectors are shown. Refer to the
latest revision of the Electrical Schematic to view the entire circuitry of the machine.

Diagnostic Trouble Code Procedure

Table 3
Required Tools
Tool Part Number Description Qty
T1 237-5130 Digital Multimeter Group 1
8T-3224 Needle Tip Group 1

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7X-1710 Multimeter Probe Group 1

8T-8726 Cable Assembly (Three Pin) (3-Pin Breakout) 1
JERD2129 Cat® Electronic Technician (ET) 1
T2 Windows-based PC 1
538-5051 Communication Adapter Gp 1
T3 6V-4148 Connector Repair Kit (Sure Seal) 1
T4 190-8900 Connector Field Repair Kit (Deutsch) 1
T5 175-3700 Connector Repair Kit Deutsch DT 1

Prior to beginning this procedure, use Cat® Electronic Technician (Cat ET) Service Tool or the
machine monitors to check for an active DTC 41 code. The DTC 41 indicates a failure of the 8 VDC
power supply on the ECM. If the code is present, refer to the Sensor Supply - Test chapter to
correct this problem before continuing. For transducers powered via the fuse panel, check the
condition of the appropriate fuse before beginning the troubleshooting procedure.

Inspect the harness connectors that are involved in this circuit. Poor connections can often be the
cause of a problem in an electrical circuit. Verify that all connections in the circuit are clean, secure,
and in good condition. If a problem with a connection is found, correct the problem and verify that
the diagnostic code is active before performing a troubleshooting procedure. For sensors powered
via the fuse panel, check the condition of the appropriate fuse before beginning the troubleshooting
procedure.

1. Identify the active FMI code associated with the components.

2. Determine which code is present and use the list below to determine which procedure to follow.

FMI 2 diagnostic code, proceed to "FMI 2".

FMI 3 diagnostic code, proceed to "FMI 3".

FMI 4 diagnostic code, proceed to "FMI 4".

FMI 8 diagnostic code, proceed to "FMI 8".

FMI 2
Table 4
Inspect The Harness Connections
Troubleshooting Test Steps Values Results

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1. Turn start switch and disconnect switch

OFF. Result: The machine
harness connectors are
2. Inspect the harness connection to the tight and free of
sensor. Make sure that the connectors are corrosion.
clean and tight.
Proceed to "Verify The
3. Check the connectors for proper mating. Hardware And The
Ensure that all the seals are present and in Software Part Numbers"
place. Table 5.
The machine harness
4. Check the harness for signs of damage or connectors are tight Result: The machine
abrasion. and free of corrosion. harness connectors are
in need of repair.
5. Check the wires at the connector. Ensure
that the wires are secured tightly into the Repair: Repair or
connector. Take care not to pull the wire out replace the machine
of the connector. harness.

6. Check the exposed wires at the connectors Proceed to "Check If The

for nicks or signs of abrasion. Diagnostic Code
Remains" Table 6.
7. Check for moisture inside the connector.

Table 5

Verify The Hardware And The Software Part Numbers

Troubleshooting Test
Values Results
Steps
Result: All the part numbers are correct.

Proceed to "Check If The Diagnostic Code Remains"

Table 6.
1. Verify that the following
information is correct:
Result: All the part numbers are not correct.
The part number of the
All the part Repair: The ECM or the sensors have the wrong part
flash software for the
numbers are number or incorrect flash software is installed. Flash
ECM is correct.
correct. the correct software or replace the incorrect ECM or
The part number of the
the sensor with a module that has the correct part
ECM is correct.
number.
The part numbers of the
Refer to the Troubleshooting ECM Software - Install
sensors are correct.(1)
section for additional information.

Proceed to "Check If The Diagnostic Code Remains"

Table 6.
(1) Consult your Caterpillar Authorized Dealer for the correct part numbers of the flash software.

Table 6
Check If The Diagnostic Code Remains

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Troubleshooting Test
Values Results
Steps
Result: The diagnostic code does not exist
currently. The initial diagnostic code may have
been caused by poor electrical connection or short
at one of the harness connections. Resume
1. Turn the start switch and
machine operation.
the disconnect switch to
the ON position.
STOP.
2. Clear all diagnostic
Result: The diagnostic trouble code has not been
codes.
corrected. If the diagnostic code has not been
The diagnostic
corrected after performing the procedure a second
3. Operate the machine. code is no
time, the ECM may require replacement.
longer present.
4. Stop the machine and
Prior to replacing the ECM, always contact the
engage the safety lock
Technical Communicator at your dealership for
lever.
possible consultation with Caterpillar. This
consultation may effect repair time.
5. Check if the diagnostic
code is active.
Follow the steps in Troubleshooting ECM - Replace
if the ECM needs to be replaced.

STOP.

FMI 3
Table 7
Check The Voltage At The Sensor
Troubleshooting Test Steps Values Results
Result: The voltage reading is correct
for the sensor.
1. Turn start switch and disconnect
switch ON.
Proceed to "Check The Harness For An
Open" Table 8.
2. Refer to the schematic to determine
the voltage source for the sensor.
Result: The voltage is NOT correct for
Voltage
the sensor.
3. At the machine harness connector for reading is
the sensor, insert 7X-1710 multimeter correct for
Repair: Examine all the connectors that
probes along the contact of the sensor the sensor.
are in the circuit. Ensure that the
supply and along frame ground.
connections are clean, secure, and are
in good condition. Repair or replace the
4. At the sensor harness connector,
machine harness.
measure voltage between the sensor
supply and frame ground.
Proceed to "Check If The Diagnostic
Code Remains" Table 10.

Table 8

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Check The Harness For An Open

Troubleshooting Test Steps Values Results
Result: The diagnostic code
changes from an FMI 3 to an
1. The start switch and the disconnect
FMI 4. The sensor has
switch remain in the OFF position.
failed.
2. Disconnect the machine harness
Repair: Replace the sensor.
connector from the sensor.
Proceed to "Check If The
3. At the machine harness connector for the The diagnostic code
Diagnostic Code Remains"
sensor, connect a jumper wire between the changes from an FMI
Table 10.
sensor return contact and signal contact. 3 to an FMI 4.
Result: The diagnostic code
4. Turn the switch and disconnect switch
does not change from an
ON.
FMI 3 to an FMI 4.
5. Observe the status of the diagnostic
Proceed to "Check Signal
code.
Circuit For A Short to
+Battery" Table 9.

Table 9
Check Signal Circuit For A Short to +Battery
Troubleshooting Test Steps Values Results
Result: Each resistance is greater than
5K Ω. The harness circuit is correct.

1. Turn the start switch and the Proceed to "Check If The Diagnostic
disconnect switch to the OFF position. Code Remains" Table 10.

2. Disconnect the ECM harness Result: The resistance is less than 5 Ω.

connectors. The sensor harness
connector remains disconnected. Repair: A short exists in the harness
Each
between the signal circuit and the circuit
resistance is
3. Remove the jumper wire that was with the low-resistance measurement.
greater than
installed in the previous test step. Repair or replace the machine harness.
5K Ω.
4. At the ECM harness connector, Note: A resistance greater than 5 Ω but
measure the resistance between the less than 5K Ω indicates a loose or
signal contact and all other +battery corroded connection in the circuit. A
circuits used in the ECM harness resistance measurement greater than 5K
connectors. Ω indicates an open in the circuit.

Proceed to "Check If The Diagnostic

Code Remains" Table 10.

Table 10
Check If The Diagnostic Code Remains

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Troubleshooting Test
Values Results
Steps
Result: The diagnostic code does not exist
currently. The initial diagnostic code may have
been caused by poor electrical connection or
1. Reconnect all harness
short at one of the harness connections. Resume
connectors. Return machine
machine operation.
to normal operating
condition.
STOP.
2. Turn the start switch and
Result: The diagnostic trouble code has not been
the disconnect switch ON.
corrected. If the diagnostic code has not been
The diagnostic
corrected after performing the procedure a
3. Clear all diagnostic codes. code is no
second time, the ECM may require replacement.
longer present.
4. Operate the machine.
Prior to replacing the ECM, always contact the
Technical Communicator at your dealership for
5. Stop the machine and
possible consultation with Caterpillar. This
engage the safety lock lever.
consultation may effect repair time.
6. Check if the diagnostic
Follow the steps in Troubleshooting ECM -
code is active.
Replace if the ECM needs to be replaced.

STOP.

FMI 4
Table 11
Check The Sensor
Troubleshooting Test Steps Values Results
Result: The code changes from an
FMI 4 to an FMI 3 when the sensor
is disconnected. The sensor has
failed.
1. Turn the disconnect switch
Repair: Replace the sensor.
and the start switch to the ON
position.
Proceed to "Check If The
The code changes from an
Diagnostic Code Remains" Table
2. Disconnect the sensor from FMI 4 to an FMI 3 when
13.
the machine harness. the sensor is
disconnected.
Result: The FMI 4 diagnostic code
3. Observe the status of the
remains active when sensor is
diagnostic code as the sensor is
disconnected. The sensor is not
disconnected from the harness.
the cause of the problem.

Proceed to "Check The Signal

Circuit For A Short To Ground"
Table 12.

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Table 12
Check The Signal Circuit For A Short To Ground
Troubleshooting Test Steps Values Results
Result: All resistance values are greater
than 5K Ω. The harness circuit is correct.

Proceed to "Check If The Diagnostic Code

1. Turn the start switch and the Remains" Table 13.
disconnect switch to the OFF
position. Result: One or more readings are less
than 5 Ω. A short circuit exists between the
2. Disconnect the harness signal circuit .
All resistance
connectors from the ECM. The
values are
sensor remains disconnected from Repair: Repair or replace the machine
greater than 5K
the machine harness. harness.
Ω.
3. At the ECM harness connector, Note: A resistance greater than 5 Ω but
measure the resistance between less than 5K Ω indicates a loose or
the sensor signal contact and all corroded connection in the circuit. A
possible sources of ground. resistance measurement greater than 5K
Ω indicates an open in the circuit.

Proceed to "Check If The Diagnostic Code

Remains" Table 13.

Table 13
Check If The Diagnostic Code Remains
Troubleshooting Test
Values Results
Steps
1. Reconnect all harness The diagnostic Result: The diagnostic code does not exist
connectors. Return machine code is no currently. The initial diagnostic code may have
to normal operating longer present. been caused by poor electrical connection or
condition. short at one of the harness connections. Resume
machine operation.
2. Turn the start switch and
the disconnect switch to the STOP.
ON position.
Result: The diagnostic trouble code has not been
3. Clear all diagnostic codes. corrected. If the diagnostic code has not been
corrected after performing the procedure a
4. Operate the machine. second time, the ECM may require replacement.

5. Stop the machine and Prior to replacing the ECM, always contact the
engage the safety lock lever. Technical Communicator at your dealership for
possible consultation with Caterpillar. This
6. Check if the diagnostic consultation may effect repair time.
code is active.
Follow the steps in Troubleshooting ECM -
Replace if the ECM needs to be replaced.
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STOP.

FMI 8
Table 14

Check The Signal Of The Sensor

Troubleshooting Test Steps Values Results
1. Turn the start switch and disconnect
switch to the OFF position.
Result: The signal from
the sensor responds
2. At the back of the harness connector
correctly. The sensor is
for the sensor, insert multimeter probes
operating correctly.
along the signal contact and return
contact.
Proceed to "Check For An
Open In The Signal
Note: Use Cat® Electronic Technician
Circuit" Table 15.
(Cat® ET) Service Tool if access to the
sensor while operating the machine, is The signal from the
Result: The signal from
not safe. sensor responds in the
the sensor does not
manner that is within
respond correctly. The
3. Turn the disconnect switch and the specifications.
sensor is not operating
start switch to the ON position.
correctly.
4. Monitor the signal of the sensor with a
Repair: Replace the
digital multimeter.
sensor.
5. Without disconnecting the sensor or
Proceed to "Check If The
the hardware that is associated with the
Diagnostic Code
sensor from the machine, take the sensor
Remains" Table 16.
through the full operating range.

Table 15
Check For An Open In The Signal Circuit
Troubleshooting Test Steps Values Results
1. The start switch and the disconnect switch The reading Result: The measurement is less
remain in the OFF position. is less than 5 than 5 Ω. The signal and return
Ω. circuit are correct.
2. Disconnect the machine harness connector
from the sensor. Proceed to "Check If The
Diagnostic Code Remains" Table
3. At the machine harness connector for the 16.
sensor, connect a jumper wire between the
return contact and signal contact . Result: The measurement is
greater than 5K Ω. The signal
4. Disconnect the machine harness circuit in the harness is open.
connectors J1 and J2 from the ECM.

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PIP SIS 2.0

5. At the ECM harness connector, measure

the resistance between the signal contact and
-
202 1071
Repair: Repair or replace the
machine harness.

return contact.

19: 4 /0 3 795 Proceed to "Check If The

4 7 / 2
Diagnostic Code Remains" Table
16.

M0 :12- 9
2
0
Table 16

©2 8 1 0 4:0
1
Check If The Diagnostic Code Remains
Troubleshooting Test
Steps 024 62
Values 0 Results

Cat Result: The diagnostic code does not exist

1. Reconnect all harness erp currently. The initial diagnostic code may have
been caused by poor electrical connection or
connectors. Return machine
illa short at one of the harness connections. Resume
to normal operating
condition. rI machine operation.

STOP. nc.
2. Turn the start switch and
the disconnect switch to the Result: The diagnostic trouble code has not been
ON position. corrected. If the diagnostic code has not been
The diagnostic
corrected after performing the procedure a
code is no
3. Clear all diagnostic codes. second time, the ECM may require replacement.
longer present.
4. Operate the machine. Prior to replacing the ECM, always contact the
Technical Communicator at your dealership for
5. Stop the machine and possible consultation with Caterpillar. This
engage the safety lock lever. consultation may effect repair time.

6. Check if the diagnostic Follow the steps in Troubleshooting ECM -

code is active. Replace if the ECM needs to be replaced.

STOP.

PIP-10713795
2024/07/29
19:41:51-04:00
i08311337
© 2024 Caterpillar Inc.

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