Scribd
Upload
12 views14 pages

MTH111 Lec2c Intervals

Uploaded by

addisondre6
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
12 views14 pages

MTH111 Lec2c Intervals

Uploaded by

addisondre6
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Understanding Intervals

MTH111/MAT111

2024/2025 Session

October 28, 2024

MTH111/MAT111 (2024/2025 Session) Understanding Intervals October 28, 2024 1 / 14


Introduction to Intervals

Intervals are a way to represent all numbers between two endpoints.

An interval represents a range of numbers.

An interval is a set of real numbers that lie between two numbers.

Intervals can be open, closed, or a combination of both.

MTH111/MAT111 (2024/2025 Session) Understanding Intervals October 28, 2024 2 / 14


Types of Intervals

Open Interval (a, b): All values between a and b, excluding a and b.

Closed Interval [a, b]: All values between a and b, including a and b.

Half-Open Intervals:
[a, b): Includes a, excludes b - - Half-closed interval
(a, b]: Excludes a, includes b - - Half-open interval

Infinite Intervals: For example, (−∞, b] or [a, ∞).

MTH111/MAT111 (2024/2025 Session) Understanding Intervals October 28, 2024 3 / 14


Notation and Set Builder Form

Intervals can be represented using inequalities.

Example: [a, b] is equivalent to {x | a ≤ x ≤ b} or

{x ∈ R | a ≤ x ≤ b}

MTH111/MAT111 (2024/2025 Session) Understanding Intervals October 28, 2024 4 / 14


Example 1: Identifying Intervals
Question: Identify the type of interval represented by the following set:
{x | 2 < x < 5}
Solution:
The set {x | 2 < x < 5} includes all real numbers x such that x is
greater than 2 and less than 5.
This means the interval starts at 2 and ends at 5, but does not
include the endpoints 2 and 5.
An interval that does not include its endpoints is known as an open
interval.

Conclusion:
Therefore, {x | 2 < x < 5} represents an open interval.
In interval notation, we write this as:
(2, 5)
MTH111/MAT111 (2024/2025 Session) Understanding Intervals October 28, 2024 5 / 14
Example 2: Writing an Interval in Set Notation
Question: Write the interval (−∞, 3] in set notation.

Solution :

The interval (−∞, 3] represents all real numbers x that are less than
or equal to 3.
In set notation, we can express this as:

{x | x ≤ 3}

Conclusion:
Therefore, the interval (−∞, 3] in set notation is written as:

{x | x ≤ 3} or {x | −∞ < x ≤ 3}

MTH111/MAT111 (2024/2025 Session) Understanding Intervals October 28, 2024 6 / 14


Classwork

1. Determine the type of interval and write it in interval notation.


(a) x ≥ 1
(b) −3 < x ≤ 4
2. Express the following intervals in set notation.
(a) [0, ∞)
(b) (−5, −2]

MTH111/MAT111 (2024/2025 Session) Understanding Intervals October 28, 2024 7 / 14


Classwork Solutions

1. Determine the type of interval and write it in interval notation.


(a) x ≥ 1
This inequality represents a closed interval starting from 1 and
extending to infinity.
In interval notation, we write it as:

[1, ∞)

(b) −3 < x ≤ 4
This inequality represents a half-open interval, starting from −3 (not
included) and ending at 4 (included).
In interval notation, we write it as:

(−3, 4]

MTH111/MAT111 (2024/2025 Session) Understanding Intervals October 28, 2024 8 / 14


2. Express the following intervals in set notation.
(a) [0, ∞)
This interval includes all real numbers starting from 0 (included) and
extending to infinity.
In set notation, we write it as:

{x ∈ R | x ≥ 0}

(b) (−5, −2]


This interval includes all real numbers greater than −5 and up to −2
(included).
In set notation, we write it as:

{x ∈ R | −5 < x ≤ −2}

MTH111/MAT111 (2024/2025 Session) Understanding Intervals October 28, 2024 9 / 14


Take-Home Assignment

Question 1: Write the interval notation for the set {x | −1 < x ≤ 4}.

Question 2: Identify if the following intervals are open, closed, or


half-open:
(a) [3, 6]
(b) (0, ∞)
(c) (−∞, 0)

MTH111/MAT111 (2024/2025 Session) Understanding Intervals October 28, 2024 10 / 14


Operations on Intervals

We commonly perform operations on intervals, including:


Union: A ∪ B
Intersection: A ∩ B
Complement: Ac
Difference: A − B

MTH111/MAT111 (2024/2025 Session) Understanding Intervals October 28, 2024 11 / 14


Take-Home Assignment

1 Find the union (1, 4) ∪ [3, 6] and explain your solution.


2 Determine the intersection (2, 5) ∩ [4, 7] with a step-by-step
explanation.
3 Compute the complement of [0, 3) in R.
4 Solve (1, 6) − [3, 5] and provide detailed steps.

MTH111/MAT111 (2024/2025 Session) Understanding Intervals October 28, 2024 12 / 14


Summary

An interval represents a set of real numbers between two endpoints.

Types include open, closed, half-open, and infinite intervals.

MTH111/MAT111 (2024/2025 Session) Understanding Intervals October 28, 2024 13 / 14


Questions

Any Questions?

MTH111/MAT111 (2024/2025 Session) Understanding Intervals October 28, 2024 14 / 14

You might also like