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SQL Cheat Sheet

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14 views

SQL Cheat Sheet

Uploaded by

k28anjali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SQL Cheat Sheet

1. Creating and Managing Databases


In [ ]: CREATE DATABASE db_name; -- Create a new database
DROP DATABASE db_name; -- Delete a database
USE db_name; -- Select a database
SHOW DATABASES; -- List all databases
SHOW TABLES; -- List all tables in a database

2. Creating and Managing Tables


Creating Tables
In [ ]: CREATE TABLE table_name (
id INT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(100),
age INT,
salary DECIMAL(10, 2)
);

Modifying Tables
In [ ]: ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name VARCHAR(100); -- Add a new column
ALTER TABLE table_name DROP COLUMN column_name; -- Delete a column
ALTER TABLE table_name MODIFY COLUMN column_name INT; -- Modify a column

Deleting Tables
In [ ]: DROP TABLE table_name; -- Delete a table
TRUNCATE TABLE table_name; -- Remove all rows from a table

3. Inserting Data
In [ ]: INSERT INTO table_name (id, name, age, salary)
VALUES (1, 'John Doe', 30, 50000.00);

INSERT INTO table_name (id, name, age, salary)


VALUES
(2, 'Jane Doe', 25, 60000.00),
(3, 'Sam Smith', 40, 70000.00);
4. Querying Data
Basic Select Statements
In [ ]: SELECT * FROM table_name; -- Select all columns
SELECT name, age FROM table_name; -- Select specific columns
SELECT DISTINCT name FROM table_name; -- Select distinct values

Filtering Data
In [ ]: SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE age > 30; -- Simple condition
SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE name = 'John Doe'; -- String comparison
SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE age BETWEEN 25 AND 35; -- Range condition
SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE name LIKE 'J%'; -- Pattern matching
SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE age IN (25, 30, 35); -- List of values
SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE age IS NULL; -- Null values
SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE age IS NOT NULL; -- Not null values

Combining Conditions
In [ ]: SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE age > 30 AND salary > 50000; -- AND condition
SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE age > 30 OR salary > 50000; -- OR condition

Sorting and Limiting Results


In [ ]: SELECT * FROM table_name ORDER BY age ASC; -- Ascending order
SELECT * FROM table_name ORDER BY age DESC; -- Descending order
SELECT * FROM table_name ORDER BY age, salary DESC; -- Multiple columns
SELECT * FROM table_name LIMIT 10; -- Limit number of rows
SELECT * FROM table_name LIMIT 5 OFFSET 10; -- Limit with offset

5. Aggregating Data
Aggregate Functions
In [ ]: SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table_name; -- Count rows
SELECT AVG(salary) FROM table_name; -- Average salary
SELECT SUM(salary) FROM table_name; -- Sum of salaries
SELECT MIN(age) FROM table_name; -- Minimum age
SELECT MAX(age) FROM table_name; -- Maximum age

Grouping Data
In [ ]: SELECT age, COUNT(*) FROM table_name GROUP BY age; -- Group by age
SELECT age, AVG(salary) FROM table_name GROUP BY age; -- Group and aggregate
Filtering Groups
In [ ]: SELECT age, AVG(salary)
FROM table_name
GROUP BY age
HAVING AVG(salary) > 50000; -- Filtering groups

6. Joining Tables
In [ ]: SELECT *
FROM table1
INNER JOIN table2 ON table1.id = table2.id;

SELECT *
FROM table1
LEFT JOIN table2 ON table1.id = table2.id;

SELECT *
FROM table1
RIGHT JOIN table2 ON table1.id = table2.id;

SELECT *
FROM table1
FULL OUTER JOIN table2 ON table1.id = table2.id;

7. Subqueries
Subquery in WHERE Clause
In [ ]: SELECT *
FROM table_name
WHERE age > (SELECT AVG(age) FROM table_name);

Subquery in FROM Clause


In [ ]: SELECT *
FROM (SELECT age,
AVG(salary) AS avg_salary
FROM table_name
GROUP BY age) AS subquery;
8. Advanced SQL Concepts
Window Functions
In [ ]: SELECT name, age, salary,
RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY age ORDER BY salary DESC) as rank
FROM table_name;

Common Table Expressions (CTEs)


In [ ]: WITH cte AS (
SELECT name, age, salary
FROM table_name
WHERE age > 30
)
SELECT *
FROM cte
WHERE salary > 50000;

Indexes
In [ ]: CREATE INDEX idx_name ON table_name (column_name); -- Create an index
DROP INDEX idx_name ON table_name; -- Drop an index

Views
In [ ]: CREATE VIEW view_name AS
SELECT name, age, salary
FROM table_name
WHERE age > 30;

SELECT * FROM view_name; -- Query the view


DROP VIEW view_name; -- Drop the view

User-defined Functions
In [ ]: CREATE FUNCTION function_name (@param1 INT, @param2 INT)
RETURNS INT
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @result INT;
SET @result = @param1 + @param2;
RETURN @result;
END;

SELECT dbo.function_name(1, 2); -- Call the function

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