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MAT112 Lec The Circle

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17 views20 pages

MAT112 Lec The Circle

Uploaded by

davidiruene
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Circles

Circles

Objectives

In this lesson, you will learn to


• recognise the equation of a circle,
• write the equation of a circle given its center and radius
• find the center and radius of a circle given its equation,
• graph circles.
THE CIRCLE
GEOMETRICAL DEFINITION OF A CIRCLE
A circle is the set of all points in a plane equidistant
from a fixed point called the center.
6
Circle
Circle

-5 5

Center
-2

-4

-6
A radius is the segment whose endpoints are
the center of the circle, and any point on the
circle.
6

-5
radius 5

-2

-4

-6
Developing the Standard Forms of the Equation of a Circle

Note: OP is the radius of the circle.

P(x, y) (x2 − x1 ) + ( y2 − y1 ) = dOP


2 2

(x − 0) + (y − 0) = r
2 2

O(0, 0)
x + y =r
2 2

x +y =r
2 2 2

The standard form of the equation of


a circle with its centre at the origin (0, 0)
is x2 + y2 = r2.
Developing the Standard Forms of the Equation of a Circle

P(x, y)

(x2 − x1 ) + ( y2 − y1 ) = dCP
2 2

C(h, k)

This is the
(x − h) + (y − k) = r
2 2
standard form of
the equation of a
circle with the
(x − h) + (y − k) = r
2 2 2
centre at (h, k).
Ex. 1: Writing a Standard
Equation of a Circle
• Write the standard equation of the circle
with a center at (-4, 0) and radius 7.

(x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2 Standard equation of a circle.

[(x – (-4)]2 + (y – 0)2 = 72 Substitute values.

(x + 4)2 + (y – 0)2 = 49 Simplify.


Ex. 2: Writing a Standard
Equation of a Circle
• The point (1, 2) is on a circle whose center is
(5, -1). Write a standard equation of the
circle.

r= ( x2 − x1 ) 2 + ( y2 − y1 ) 2 Use the Distance Formula

r= (5 − 1) 2 + (−1 − 2) 2 Substitute values.

r= (4) 2 + (−3) 2 Simplify.

r= 16 + 9 Simplify.
r= 25 Addition Property
r=5 Square root the result.
Ex. 2: Writing a Standard
Equation of a Circle
• The point (1, 2) is on a circle whose center is
(5, -1). Write a standard equation of the
circle.
(x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2 Standard equation of a circle.

[(x – 5)]2 + [y –(-1)]2 = 52 Substitute values.

(x - 5)2 + (y + 1)2 = 25 Simplify.


Finding the Equation of a Circle
Determine the equation of a circle with centre C(-5, 2)
(h, k)
and passing through the point P(-8, 7).
(x, y)
From the general form: Substitute the values of h and k
(x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2 from C(-5, 2):
(x - (-5))2 + (y - 2)2 = r2
(x + 5)2 + (y - 2)2 = r2

(x + 5)2 + (y - 2)2 = r2 Use the point P(-8, 7) to


(-8 + 5)2 + (7 - 2)2 = r2 find the value of r2:
9 + 25 = r2
34 = r2
Therefore, the equation of the circle in standard form is
(x + 5)2 + ( y - 2)2 = 34.
Ex. 4:
Find the equation whose diameter has endpoints of
(-5, 2) and (3, 6).

First find the midpoint of the diameter using the


midpoint formula. This will be the center.

MIDPOINT
 x 1 + x 2 y1 + y2 
M(x,y) = , 
 2 2 
 −5 + 3 2 + 6 
M(x,y) = , 
 2 2 
M(x,y) = (−1, 4)
Find the equation whose diameter has endpoints of
(-5, 2) and (3, 6).

Then find the length distance between the midpoint


and one of the endpoints. This will be the radius.

DISTANCE FORMULA
D = (x − x ) + (y − y )
2 2
2 1 2 1

(−1− 3) + (4 − 6)
2 2
D=

(−4) + (−2)
2 2
D=

D = 16 + 4
D = 20
Find the equation whose diameter has endpoints of
(-5, 2) and (3, 6).

Therefore the center is (-1, 4)


The radius is 20
2
(x - -1)2 + (y - 4)2 = 20
(x + 1)2 + (y - 4)2 = 20

5
Writing the General Form of the Equation of a Circle

The general form of the equation is


Ax2 + Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0.
Write the following equation in general form:
(x + 5)2 + (y - 2)2 = 34

(x + 5)2 + (y - 2)2 = 34
x2 + 10x + 25 + y2 - 4y + 4 = 34
x2 + y2 + 10x - 4y + 29 = 34
x2 + y2 + 10x - 4y - 5 = 0
Finding the Centre and the Radius
Find the centre and the radius of each circle:
1. x2 + y2 - 8x + 10y - 14 = 0
To find the centre and radius, write the equation in standard form.
To do this, you must complete the square:

x2 + y2 - 8x + 10y - 14 = 0
(x2 - 8x + _____
16 ) + (y2 + 10y + _____)
25 = 14 + _____
16 + _____
25
(x - 4)2 + (y + 5)2 = 55
The centre is (4, -5) and the radius is 7.4.
2. 3x2 + 3y2 + 6x + 12y + 5 = 0

(3x2 + 6x) + (3y2 + 12y) = -5


3(x2 + 2x + _____)
1 + 3(y2 + 4y + _____)
4 = -5 + _____
3 + _____
12
3(x + 1)2 + 3(y + 2)2 = 10
1
0
3
The centre is (-1, -2) and the radius is .
Graphing Circles
• If you know the equation of a circle,
you can graph the circle by
identifying its center and radius.
Ex. 5: Graphing a circle
• The equation of a • (x+2)2 + (y-3)2 = 9
circle is • [x – (-2)]2 + (y – 3)2=32
(x+2)2 + (y-3)2 = 9. • The center is (-2, 3) and
Graph the circle. the radius is 3.
First rewrite the
equation to find
the center and its
radius.
Ex. 5: Graphing a circle
• To graph the 6

circle, place the


point of a compass 4

at (-2, 3), set the


radius at 3 units, 2

and swing the


compass to draw a -5

full circle. -2
Acknowledgement

• Newton South High School


• Robert Spitz
• Jim Fensom
• Hornsby/Lial/Rockswold

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