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    L29 Adder

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    Saksham Malhotra

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    L29 Adder

    Uploaded by

    Saksham Malhotra
    3 views9 pages

    Original Title

    L29_adder

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    3 views9 pages

    L29 Adder

    Uploaded by

    Saksham Malhotra

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    ESc201 : Introduction to Electronics

    Digital Circuits

    Vipul Arora
    Dept. of Electrical Engineering
    IIT Kanpur
    April 6, 2022
    1
    Comparator

    A = A3 A2 A1 A0
    𝐴𝒊 𝐵𝒊 𝒙 𝒚

    B = B3 B2 B1 B0 0
    0
    0
    1
    1 0

    ( A = B ) = x3 x2 x1 x0 1 1

    ( A  B ) = A3 B3 + x3 A2 B2 + x3 x2 A1 B1 + x3 x2 x1 A0 B0

    ( A  B ) = A3 B3 + x3 A2 B2 + x3 x2 A1B1 + x3 x2 x1 A0 B0
    2
    Comparator

    A = A3 A2 A1 A0 xi = Ai .Bi + Ai .Bi for i = 0,1,2,3


    where xi = 1 only if the pair of bits in position i are
    B = B3 B2 B1 B0 equal (i.e., if both are 1 or both are: 0).

    ( A = B ) = x3 x2 x1 x0 all xi variable must be equal to 1

    ( A  B ) = A3 B3 + x3 A2 B2 + x3 x2 A1 B1 + x3 x2 x1 A0 B0

    ( A  B ) = A3 B3 + x3 A2 B2 + x3 x2 A1B1 + x3 x2 x1 A0 B0
    3
    ( A  B ) = A3 B3 + x3 A2 B2
    + x3 x2 A1 B1 + x3 x2 x1 A0 B0

    ( A  B ) = A3 B3 + x3 A2 B2
    + x3 x2 A1 B1 + x3 x2 x1 A0 B0

    ( A = B ) = x3 x2 x1 x0 4
    Adder
    a
    S a b S C S
    b
    0 0 0 0
    0 1 1 0
    C Half Adder C
    1 0 1 0
    1 1 0 1
    S = a.b + a.b ; C = a.b
    a b
    a b Cin S Cout
    S 0 0 0 0 0
    1
    0 0 1 1 0
    111 0 1 0 1 0
    110 Cout Full Adder Cin 0 1 1 0 1
    --------- 1 0 0 1 0
    1101 1 0 1 0 1
    a b 1 1 0 0 1
    1 1 1 1 1

    S = a.b.cin + a.b.cin + a.b.cin + a.b.cin ;


    Cout = a.b.cin + a.b.cin + a.b.cin + a.b.cin 5
    S = a.b.cin + a.b.cin + a.b.cin + a.b.cin S = Cin  (a  b)
    Cout = a.b.Cin + a.b.Cin + a.b.Cin + a.b.Cin
    a b Cin S Cout

    Cout = Cin (a.b + a.b) + a.b = Cin .(a  b) + a.b 0 0 0 0 0


    0 0 1 1 0
    0 1 0 1 0
    a ab Cin  (a  b) 0 1 1 0 1

    b S 1 0 0 1 0
    1 0 1 0 1
    Cin .(a  b) 1 1 0 0 1
    a.b 1 1 1 1 1

    Cout

    Cin

    6
    4-bit Adder
    S(0:3) A 3 A 2 A 1 A 0 B 3 B 2 B 1 B 0 S 3 S 2 S 1S 0 Cout C3 C2 C1
    0000 0000 0000 0
    1 A 3 A 2 A 1A 0
    0000 0001 0001 0
    0001 0000 0001 0
    B 3 B 2 B 1B 0
    Cout 4-bit adder

    C 4 S 3 S 2 S 1S 0
    A(0:3) B(0:3)

    S3 S1 S0
    S2

    C3 C2 C1 0
    C4
    FA FA FA FA

    A3 B3 A2 B2 A1 B1 A0 B0

    FA = Full Adder
    7
    Subtraction
    A - B = A + 2’s complement of B
    A − B = A + B +1
    A - B = A + 1’s complement of B+1

    FA FA FA FA 1

    B3 B2 B1 B0
    A3 A2 A1 A0

    B3 B2 B1 B0

    B0  1 = B0 .1 + B0 .1 = B0

    8
    Adder/Subtractor
    FA FA FA FA 1

    FA FA FA FA 01 A3 A2 A1 A0

    A3 B3 A2 B2 A1 B1 A0 B0 1

    B3 B2 B1 B0

    FA FA FA FA

    A3 A2 A1 A0

    M=1

    B3 B2 B1 B0

    B0  0 = B0 .0 + B0 .0 = B0 M = 0 for Adder
    B0  1 = B0 .1 + B0 .1 = B0 M=1 for Subtractor
    9

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