Mathematics AA HL

Functions
Worksheet 3 MARKSCHEME

21. (a) f(x) = x  3 (x 2  1) 2 

 
1.5

1
max

max 0.5
zero

–1 –0.5 zero
0.5 1
–0.5
min
min zero
–1

–1.5 (A4) 4
Notes: Award (A1) for the shape, including the two
cusps (sharp points) at x = ±1.
(i) Award (A1) for the zeros at x = ±1 and x = 0.
(ii) Award (A1) for the maximum at x = –1 and the
minimum at x = 1.
(iii) Award (A1) for the maximum at approx. x = 0.65 ,
and the minimum at approx. x = –0.65
There are no asymptotes.
The candidates are not required to draw a scale.

 
2
(b) (i) Let f(x) = x x 2  1 3
1 2
4 2 2 
Then f(x) = x ( x  1) 3  ( x 2  1) 3 (M1)(A2)
3
1
 4 
f(x) = ( x 2  1) 3  x 2  ( x 2  1)
 3 
1
3
 7
f(x) = ( x  1)  x 2  1 (or equivalent)
2

3 

7x 2  3
1
3( x 2  1) 3

f(x) = (or equivalent)

The domain is –1.4 ≤ x ≤ 1.4, x  ±1 (accept –1.4 < x < 1.4, x  ±1)(A1)
(ii) For the maximum or minimum points let f(x) = 0
i.e. (7x2 – 3) = 0 or use the graph. (M1)
Therefore, the x-coordinate of the maximum point is
3
x= (or 0.655) and (A1)
7
 3
the x-coordinate of the minimum point is x = - (or –0.655). (A1) 7
7
Notes: Candidates may do this using a GDC, in that case
award (M1)(G2).
(c) The x-coordinate of the point of inflexion is x = ±1.1339 (G2)
OR
4 x(7 x 2  9)
f(x) = , x  ±1 (M1)
93 ( x 2  1) 4
For the points of inflexion let f(x) = 0 and use the graph,
9
i.e. x = = 1.1339. (A1) 2
7
Note: Candidates may do this by plotting f(x) and
finding the x-coordinate of the minimum point. There are
other possible methods.
[13]

22. The remainder when divided by (x – 2) is

f(2) = 8 + 12 + 2a + b = 2a + b + 20 (M1)
and when divided by (x + 1), the remainder is
f(–1) = –1 + 3 – a + b = 2 – a + b. (M1)
These remainders are equal when 2a + 20 = 2 – a
giving a = – 6. (A1) (C3)
[3]
2y 1
23. Let x = (M1)
y 1
 xy – x = 2y + 1
 y(x – 2) = x + 1
x 1
Therefore, f–1 : x  , (A1) (C2)
x2
Domain x  ,x2 (A1) (C1)
[3]

24. METHOD 1
5 – 3xx + 1
 25 – 30x + 9x2  x2 + 2x + 1 (M1)
 8x2 – 32x + 24  0
 8(x – 1)(x – 3)  0 (M1)
1x3 (A1) (C3)
METHOD 2
 y
y=|5–3x|

y=|x+1| A

x
0 –53 (G1)
We obtain A = (1, 2) and B = (3, 4) (G1)
Therefore, 1  x  3. (A1) (C3)
METHOD 3
Sketch the graph of y = 5 – 3x–x + 1.
y

4 y=|5–3x|–|x + 1|
x
0 1 3
(G2)
From this graph we see that y  0 for 1  x  3. (A1) (C3)
[3]

25. (a) The equation of (AB) is y = mx + 1. (M1)(C1)

1 1
When y = 0, x = – and when y = x, y = x = .
m 1 m
 1   1 1 
Therefore, A =   , 0  , and B =  , . (C2) 4
 m  1  m 1  m 
2 2
 1 1  1 
(b) 2
l =      (M1)
1  m m  1  m 
2 2 1
=   2 (C1)
(1  m) 2
m(1  m) m
2m 2  2m(1  m)  (1  m) 2
= (C1)
m 2 (1  m) 2
m2  1
= . (AG) 3
m 2 (1  m) 2

x2 1
(c) The graph of y = is as follows:
x 2 (1  x) 2
 y

20

(0.453, 19.6)

x
0 1

x=1 (A2)(A2) 4
Note: Award (A1) for both asymptotes at x = 0 and x =
1, and (A1) for y = 0.
Award (A1) for each correct coordinate for the minimum
point.
(d) From part (c), l is a minimum when m = 0.453 as 0 < m < 1, (C1)
and then the minimum value of l = 4.43 19.63 .   (A1) 2
[13]

 1 
26. (a) A =  – , 2 (A1)(A1) (C2)
 2 
2x – 1
(b) y= (A1)
x2
 yx + 2y = 2x –1 (M1)
 = 2y +1 = 2x – yx = x(2 – y) (M1)
1 2y
x=
2– y
1  2x
 f–1(x) = (A1) (C4)
2–x
[6]
27. e – 7e + 6  0  (e – l)(e – 6)  0
2x x x x
(M1)(A1)
 1  ex  6 (A1)(A1)
0  x  ln 6 (or 1.79) (A1)(A1) (C6)
[6]

2 x – 1x 2  x  1 – 2 x  1x 2 – x  1
x 
28. (a) (i) f '(x) = 2
(M1)(A1)
2
 x 1

2 x2 – 1
x  x  1
= 2
(A1)
2

(ii) f (x) = 0 => x = ±1

 1   1 
A 1,  B(–1, 3)  or A (–1, 3) B1,   (A1)(A1) 5
 3  3  
(b) (i)
 y

–1 1 x

–2

(G2)
Note: Award (G1) for general shape
and (G1) for indication of scale.
(ii) The points of inflexion can be found by locating the max/min
on the graph of f'.
This gives x = –1.53,–0.347,1.88 . (G3)
OR

f (x) =

– 4 x3 – 3x – 1 
x  3
(M1)
2
 x 1
f (x) = 0  x3 – 3x – 1 = 0 (A1)
 x = 1.53, –0.347, 1.88 (G1) 5

(c) The graph of y = f(x) helps:

 3

1/3
–1 +1

1 
(i) Range of f is  ,3 . (A1)(A1)
3 
1 
(ii) We require the image set of  ,3 .
3 
1 1
– 1
 
1 7 9 – 3 1 7
f   9 3 = , f(3) = = (M1)
 3  1  1  1 13 9  3  1 13
9 3
1 7 
Range of g is  ,  . (A1)(A1) 5
 3 13 
Note: Since the question did not specify exact ranges
accept open intervals or numerical approximations
(e.g. [0.333, 0.538]).
[15]

29. f(x) = x4 + ax + 3
f(1) = 8 (M1) (A1)
1+a+3=8 (M1) (A1)
a=4 (A2) (C6)
[6]

30. g(x) = f(x – 1) – 1 (M1) (M1)

= 2(x – 1)3 – 3(x – 1)2 + (x – 1) +1 – 1 (M1) (A1)
= 2x3 – 9x2 + 13x – 6 (A1)(A1) (C6)
[6]