Class 12 Maths 2024-25 Notes Chapter 5. Continuity and Differentiability
Class 12 Maths 2024-25 Notes Chapter 5. Continuity and Differentiability
Resource Material
For Session 2024-25
Best Notes
CBSECLASS 12 Maths
Top Definitions
4. A function f is differentiable at a point c if Left Hand Derivative (LHD) = Right Hand Derivative
(RHD),
10. Chain Rule of Differentiation: If f is a composite function of two functions u and v such that
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f = v(t) and
11. Logarithm of a to the base b is x, i.e., logba = x if bx = a, where b > 1 is a real number.
Logarithm of a to base b is denoted by logba.
12. Functions of the form x = f(t) and y = g(t) are parametric functions.
13. Rolle’s Theorem: If f : [a, b] → R is continuous on [a, b] and differentiable on (a, b) such that
f(a) = f(b), then there exists some c in (a, b) such that f’(c) = 0.
14. Mean Value Theorem: If f : [a, b] → R is continuous on [a, b] and differentiable on (a, b),
Top Concepts
1. A function is continuous at x = c if the function is defined at x = c and the value of the function
at x = c equals the limit of the function at x = c.
4. The greatest integer function [x] is not continuous at the integral values of x.
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i. Constant function
ii. Identity function
iii. Polynomial function
iv. Modulus function
v. Exponential function
vi. Sine and cosine functions
The above functions are continuous everywhere.
i. Logarithmic function
ii. Rational function
iii. Tangent, cotangent, secant and cosecant functions
The above functions are continuous in their domains.
1
8. If f is a continuous function, then |f| and are continuous in their domains.
𝑓
9. Inverse functions sin-1x, cos-1x, tan-1x, cot-1 x, cosec-1 x and sec-1x are continuous functions
on their respective domains.
12. Every differentiable function is continuous, but the converse is not true.
16. The derivative of an even function is an odd function and that of an odd function is an even
function.
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If it is not possible to separate the variables x and y, then the function f is known as an
implicit function.
19. Exponential function: A function of the form y = f(x) = b x, where base b > 1.
1.Domain of the exponential function is R, the set of all real numbers.
2.The point (0, 1) is always on the graph of the exponential function.
3.The exponential function is ever increasing.
y = ax
Taking logarithm on both sides
log y = log ax.
Using the property of logarithms
log y = x log a
Now differentiating the implicit function
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27. The sum, difference, product and quotient of two differentiable functions are
differentiable.
29. A relation between variables x and y expressed in the form x = f(t) and y = g(t) is the
parametric form with t as the parameter. Parametric equation of parabola y2 = 4ax is x = at2,
y = 2at.
32. Let u = f(x) and v = g(x) be two functions of x. Hence, to find the derivative of f(x) with
respect g(x), we use the following formula:
𝑑𝑦
33. If y = f(x) and = 𝑓′(𝑥) and if f’(x) is differentiable, then
𝑑𝑥
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Top Formulae
2. Properties of logarithms
3. Derivatives of Functions
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(9)
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(10)
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(11)
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Important Questions
Multiple Choice questions-
1. The function
(a) 3
(b) 2
(c) 1
(d) 1.5.
2. The function f(x) = [x], where [x] denotes the greatest integer function, is continuous
at:
(a) 4
(b)-2
(c) 1
(d) 1.5.
continuous at x = 0 is
(a) -8
(b) 1
(c) -1
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1−x2 𝑑𝑦
5. If y = log ( ) then is equal to:
1+x2 𝑑𝑥
6.
2x 2x 𝑑𝑦
7. If u = sin-1 ( ) and u = tan-1 ( ) then is
1+x2 1−x2 dx
(a) 12
(b) x
1−x2
(c)
1+x2
(d) 1
d2 𝑦
8. If x = t², y = t³, then is
dx2
3
(a)
2
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3
(b)
4𝑡
3
(c)
2t
3𝑡
(d)
2
9. The value of ‘c’ in Rolle’s Theorem for the function f(x) = x³ – 3x in the interval [0, √3]
is
(a) 1
(b) -1
3
(c)
2
1
(d)
3
10. The value of ‘c’ in Mean Value Theorem for the function f(x) = x (x – 2), x ∈ [1, 2] is
3
(a)
2
2
(b)
3
1
(c)
2
3
(d)
4
5.
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10.
Short Questions:
1. Discuss the continuity of the function: f(x) = |x| at x = 0. (N.C.E.R.T.)
𝑑
2. If f(x) = x + 1, find (fof)(x). (C.B.S.E. 2019)
𝑑𝑥
cosx−sinx
3. Differentiate tan−1 ( ) with respect to x. (C.B.S.E. 2018 C)
cosx+sinx
1+cosx
4. Differentiate: tan-1 ( ) with respect to x. (C.B.S.E. 2018)
sinx
6.
7.
8.
Long Questions:
1. Find the value of ‘a’ for which the function ‘f’ defined as:
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4. For what values of ‘a’ and ‘b\ the function ‘f’ defined as:
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Assertion(A): is continuous at x = 0.
2. Two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason
(R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes(a), (b), (c) and (d) as
given below.
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(20)
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Based on the above information, find the derivative of functions w.r.t. x in the following
questions.
(21)
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(22)
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Answer Key-
Multiple Choice questions-
1. Answer: (b) 2
4. Answer:
5. Answer:
6. Answer:
7. Answer: (d) 1
3
8. Answer: (b)
4𝑡
9. Answer: (a) 1
3
10. Answer: (a)
2
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= – ex tan ex
2. Solution:
𝑑𝑦
= – sin {sin (x)2}. cos(x)2 (x2)
𝑑𝑥
3. Solution:
Let y = sin2(x2).
𝑑𝑦
∴ = 2 sin (x2) cos (x2) = sin (2x2).
𝑑𝑥
4. Solution:
𝑑𝑦
(1 + cos y) = -sin x
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 sin 𝑥
Hence, =−
𝑑𝑥 1+cos 𝑦
5. Solution:
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Put 3x = sin θ.
= 2 sin-1 3x
6. Solution:
= log x . 1 = log x
⇒ y = x.
7. Solution:
Let y = 3x + 2.
𝑑𝑦 𝑑
= 3x + 2.log3. (x + 2)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= 3x + 2 .log3.(1 + 0)
8. Solution:
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9. Solution:
Here y = xx …(1)
⇒ log y = x log x.
= 1 + log x.
𝑑𝑦
Hence, = y (1 + log x) dx
𝑑𝑥
10. S
olution:
Squaring, y2 = 2x + y
⇒ y2 – y = 2x.
𝑑𝑦
Diff. w.r.t. x, (2y -1) = 2x log 2.
𝑑𝑥
Short Answer:
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1. Solution:
2. Solution:
= (x + 1) + 1 = x + 2.
𝑑 𝑑
∴ (fof)(x).) = (x + 2) = 1 + 0 = 1.
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3. Solution:
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4. Solution:
5. Solution:
(tan-1 y – x) dy = (1 + y2) dx
6. Solution:
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7. Solution:
8. Solution:
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Long Answer:
1. Solution:
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For continuity,
⇒ a = 1/2 = a
Hence, a = ½
2. Solution:
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(32)
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3. Solution:
⇒ k = -1 = -1
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Hence k = -1
4. Solution:
= 3a(1 – 0) + b
= 3a + b
= 5a (1+0) – 2b
= 5a – 2b
Also f(1) = 11
⇒ 3a + b = 5a – 2b = 11.
3a + b = 11 …………… (1)
5a – 2b = 11 …………… (2)
Multiplying (1) by 2,
6a + 2b = 22 ………….. (3)
11a = 33
⇒ a = 3.
Putting in (1),
3(3) + b = 11
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⇒ b = 11 – 9 = 2.
Hence, a = 3 and b = 2.
(35)
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2. Answer :
(36)
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