program on dealing with array

// Name: Syed Saad

// Roll No: 16
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int numbers[5] = {7, 5, 6, 12, 35};
cout << "The numbers are: ";
for (const int &n : numbers)
{
cout << n << " ";
}
cout << "\nThe numbers are: ";
for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
{
cout << numbers[i] << " ";
}
return 0;
}
Output:
The numbers are: 7 5 6 12 35
The numbers are: 7 5 6 12 35

Program on classes : string and math

// Name: Syed Saad
// Roll No: 16
#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
double x = 2.3;
cout << "Sine value of x=2.3 : " << sin(x) << endl;
cout << "Cosine value of x=2.3 : " << cos(x) << endl;
cout << "Tangent value of x=2.3 : " << tan(x) << endl;
double y = 0.25;
cout << "Square root value of y=0.25 : " << sqrt(y) <<
endl;
int z = -10;
cout << "Absolute value of z=-10 : " << abs(z) << endl;
cout << "Power value: x^y = (2.3^0.25) : " << pow(x, y)
<< endl;
x = 3.0;
y = 4.0;
cout << "Hypotenuse having other two sides as x=3.0 and"
<< " y=4.0 : " << hypot(x, y) << endl;
x = 4.56;
cout << "Floor value of x=4.56 is : " << floor(x) <<
endl;
x = -4.57;
cout << "Absolute value of x=-4.57 is : " << fabs(x) <<
endl;
x = 1.0;
cout << "Arc Cosine value of x=1.0 : " << acos(x) <<
endl;
cout << "Arc Sine value of x=1.0 : " << asin(x) << endl;
cout << "Arc Tangent value of x=1.0 : " << atan(x) <<
endl;
y = 12.3;
cout << "Ceiling value of y=12.3 : " << ceil(y) << endl;
x = 57.3; // in radians
cout << "Hyperbolic Cosine of x=57.3 : " << cosh(x) <<
endl;
cout << "Hyperbolic tangent of x=57.3 : " << tanh(x) <<
endl;
y = 100.0;
// Natural base with 'e' cout << "Log value of y=100.0
is : " << log(y) << endl;
return 0;
}
Output:
Sine value of x=2.3 : 0.745705
Cosine value of x=2.3 : -0.666276
Tangent value of x=2.3 : -1.11921
Square root value of y=0.25 : 0.5
Absolute value of z=-10 : 10
Power value: x^y = (2.3^0.25) : 1.23149
Hypotenuse having other two sides as x=3.0 and y=4.0 : 5
Floor value of x=4.56 is : 4
Absolute value of x=-4.57 is : 4.57
Arc Cosine value of x=1.0 : 0
Arc Sine value of x=1.0 : 1.5708
Arc Tangent value of x=1.0 : 0.785398
Ceiling value of y=12.3 : 13
Hyperbolic Cosine of x=57.3 : 3.83746e+24
Hyperbolic tangent of x=57.3 : 1
Log value of y=100.0 is : 4.60517

Program on inheritance and polymorphism

inheritance
// Name: Syed Saad
// Roll No: 16
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
// base class
class Animal {
public:
void eat() {
cout << "I can eat!" << endl;
}
void sleep() {
cout << "I can sleep!" << endl;
}
};
// derived class
class Dog : public Animal {
public:
void bark() {
cout << "I can bark! Woof woof!!" << endl;
}
};
int main() {
// Create object of the Dog class
Dog dog1;
// Calling members of the base class
dog1.eat();
dog1.sleep();
// Calling member of the derived class
dog1.bark();
return 0;
}
Output:
i can eat!
i can sleep!
i can bark!woof woof!!

Polymorphism
// Name: Syed Saad
// Roll No: 16
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Complex {
private:
int real, imag;
public:
Complex(int r = 0, int i =0) {real = r; imag = i;}
// This is automatically called when '+' is used with
// between two Complex objects
Complex operator + (Complex const &obj)
{
Complex res;
res.real = real + obj.real;
res.imag = imag + obj.imag;
return res;
}
void print() { cout << real << " + i" << imag << endl;
}
};
int main()
{
Complex c1(10, 5), c2(2, 4);
Complex c3 = c1 + c2;
// An example call to "operator+" c3.print();
}
Output:
12+i9

Programs on garbage collection, packaging, access

modifiers, as well as static and abstract modifiers.
Garbage collection
// Name: Syed Saad
// Roll No: 16
#include <iostream>
class A {
int x;
public:
A() { x = 0; ++x; }
};
int main() {
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; ++i) {
A *a = new A();
delete a;
}
std::cout << "DING!" << std::endl;
}
Output:
DING!
 Packaging
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
void binPacking(int *a, int size, int n) {
int binCount = 1;
int m = size;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (m - *(a + i) > 0) {
m -= *(a + i);
continue;
} else {
binCount++;
m = size;
i--;
}
}
cout << "Number of bins required: " << binCount;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
cout << "Enter the number of items in Set: ";
int n;
cin >> n;
cout << "Enter " << n << " items:";
int a[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
cin >> a[i];
cout << "Enter the bin size: ";
int size;
cin >> size;
binPacking(a, size, n);
}
Output:
Enter the number of items in Set: 3
Enter 3 items:4
6
7
Enter the bin size: 26
Number of bins required: 1

Access modifiers
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Circle
{
public:
double radius;
double compute_area()
{
return 3.14*radius*radius;
}
};
int main()
{
Circle obj;
obj.radius = 5.5;
cout << "Radius is: " << obj.radius << "\n";
cout << "Area is: " << obj.compute_area();
return 0;
}
Output:
Radius is: 5.5
Area is: 94.985
 Static modifiers
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
class Base {
public : static int val;
static int func(int a) {
cout << "Static member function called";
cout << "The value of a : " << a;
}
};
int Base::val=28;
int main() {
Base b;
Base::func(8);
cout << "The static variable value : " << b.val;
return 0;
}
Output:
Static member function called
The value of a : 8The static variable value:28

Abstract modifiers
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Shape {
public:
virtual int getArea() = 0;
void setWidth(int w) {
width = w;
}
void setHeight(int h) {
height = h;
}
protected:
int width;
int height;
};
class Rectangle: public Shape {
public:
int getArea() {
return (width * height);
}
};
class Triangle: public Shape
{
public:
int getArea() {
return (width * height)/2;
}
};
int main(void)
{
Rectangle Rect;
Triangle Tri;
Rect.setWidth(5);
Rect.setHeight(7);
cout << "Total Rectangle area: " << Rect.getArea() <<
endl;
Tri.setWidth(5);
Tri.setHeight(7);
cout << "Total Triangle area: " << Tri.getArea() <<
endl;
return 0;
}
Output:
Total Rectangle area: 35
Total Triangle area: 17

Program on file handling and stream

// Name: Syed Saad
// Roll No: 16
ing namespace std;
int main()
{
fstream new_file;
new_file.open("new_file",ios::out);
if(!new_file)
{
cout<<"File creation failed";
}
else
{
cout<<"New file created”;
new_file.close(); // Step 4: Closing file
}
return 0;
}
Output:
new file

Program on dynamic polymorphism

// Name: Syed Saad
// Roll No: 16
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Shape {
public:
virtual void draw(){
cout<<"drawing..."<<endl;
}
};
class Rectangle: public Shape
{
public:
void draw()
{
cout<<"drawing rectangle..."<<endl;
}
};
class Circle: public Shape
{
public:
void draw()
{
cout<<"drawing circle..."<<endl;
}
};
int main(void) {
Shape *s;
Shape sh;
Rectangle rec;
Circle cir;
s=&sh;
s->draw();
s=&rec;
s->draw();
s=&cir;
s->draw();
}
Output:
drawing... drawing rectangle... drawing circle...

Programs on dynamic memory management

// Name: Syed Saad
// Roll No: 16
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
int* p = NULL;
p = new(nothrow) int;
if (!p)
cout << "allocation of memory failed\n";
else
{
*p = 29;
cout << "Value of p: " << *p << endl;
}
float *r = new float(75.25);
cout << "Value of r: " << *r << endl;
int n = 5;
int *q = new(nothrow) int[n];
if (!q)
cout << "allocation of memory failed\n";
else
{
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
q[i] = i+1;
cout << "Value store in block of memory: ";
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
cout << q[i] << " ";
}
delete p;
delete r;
delete[] q;
return 0;
}
Output:
Value of p: 29
Value of r: 75.25
Value store in block of memory: 1 2 3 4 5

Programs on exception handling

// Name: Syed Saad
// Roll No: 16
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int x = -1;
cout << "Before try \n";
try {
cout << "Inside try \n";
if (x < 0)
{
throw x;
cout << "After throw (Never executed) \n";
}
}
catch (int x ) {
cout << "Exception Caught \n";
}
cout << "After catch (Will be executed) \n";
return 0;
}
Output:
Before try
Inside try
Exception Caught
After catch (Will be executed)
 Programs on exception handling
// Name: Syed Saad
// Roll No: 16
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int x = -1;
cout << "Before try \n";
try {
cout << "Inside try \n";
if (x < 0)
{
throw x;
cout << "After throw (Never executed) \n";
}
}
catch (int x ) {
cout << "Exception Caught \n";
}
cout << "After catch (Will be executed) \n";
return 0;
}
Output:
Before try
Inside try
Exception Caught
After catch (Will be executed)
 Programs on STL containers and iterators
// Name: Syed Saad
// Roll No: 16
STL containers
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main() {
// initialize a vector of int type
vector<int> numbers = {1, 100, 10, 70, 100};
// print the vector
cout << "Numbers are: ";
for(auto &num: numbers) {
cout << num << ", ";
}
return 0;
}
Output:
Numbers are: 1, 100, 10, 70, 100,

Iterators

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
vector<int> v1 = { 10, 20, 30, 40 };
vector<int>::iterator itr;
cout << "Traversing without iterator : ";
for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
cout << v1[j] << " ";
}
cout << "\n";
cout << "Traversing using iterator ";
for (itr = v1.begin(); itr != v1.end(); ++itr) {
cout << *itr << " ";
}
cout << "\n\n";
v1.push_back(50);
cout << "Traversing without iterator : ";
for (int j = 0; j < 5; ++j) {
cout << v1[j] << " ";
}
cout << "\n";
cout << "Traversing using iterator ";
for (itr = v1.begin(); itr != v1.end(); ++itr) {
cout << *itr << " ";
}
cout << "\n\n";
return 0;
}
Output:
Traversing without iterator : 10 20 30 40
Traversing using iterator 10 20 30 40
Traversing without iterator : 10 20 30 40 50
Traversing using iterator 10 20 30 40 50