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PDLC Computer Science

Program development life cycle

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50 views

PDLC Computer Science

Program development life cycle

Uploaded by

boomexploder.com
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Program development life cycle(PDLC)

The program development life cycle is divided into five stages:


analysis, design, coding, testing and maintenance.
Analysis
This chapter and Chapter 8 will discuss the four stages listed below:

» analysis

» design Maintenance Design


» coding

» testing

» maintenance

Testing Coding
Fig: 5 pillar of PDLC
Phases of program development life cycle

1. Analysis:
Clearly define your problem
Requirement specification
Decomposition –Breaking down a problem in smaller parts

2. Design
Formal documentation
Structure chart
Flow chart 4. Testing
Pseudocode Whole program will be tested using different sets of test
3. Coding data
Programing language to build program Validation
Verification
Error correction
5. Maintenance
Documentation
Computer System, Sub System and decomposing a problem
What is Computer System?

A computer system is made up of software, data, hardware,


communications and people; for example: alarm app is a
computer system
Big Task

What is Sub system?


Task 1 Task 2

Each computer system can be divided up into a set of sub-


systems; for example: set alarm is a sub system of alarm app
Task 1 Task 2 Task 1 Task 2 Task 3

And how can we categorize computer system to sub system? Task 1

Basic structure diagram of decomposing a problem


The method we call decomposing. Top-down design is the
decomposition of a computer system into a set of sub systems,
then breaking each sub-system down into a set of smaller sub-
systems, until each sub-system just performs a single action.
Decomposing a problem

Components in which a problem can be decomposed:


1. INPUTS → Data used by the system That needs to be entered while the system is active
2. Process → Task that are needed to be performed using the input data and any other previously stored
data
3. OUTPUTS →Information that needs to be displayed
4. Storage → Data that needs to be stored in files on an appropriate medium for use in the future

For example, the alarm app can be decomposed into:

» inputs – time to set the alarm, remove a previously set alarm time, switch an alarm off, press snooze button
» processes – continuously check if the current time matches an alarm time that has been set, storage and
removal of alarm times, management of snooze
» outputs – continuous sound/tune (at alarm time or after snooze time expired)
» storage – time(s) for alarms set.
Visualization of decomposition with an example

An Alarm App

INPUT Processes OUTPUT Storage

1. Time to set alarm 1. Clock time= 1. Make Sound/tune 1. Times for alarm
2. Remove previous Alarm time [at alarm time and set
alarm 2. Store and Remove after snooze expires]
3. Switching off alarm time
alarm 3. Management of
4. Press snooze snooze
button
Methods used to design and construct a solution to a problem

In computer science, we can use these 3 ways to solve a particular


problem.
• structure diagrams
• flowcharts
• pseudocode.

Structure diagrams: Structure diagrams can be used to show top-


down design in a diagrammatic form. Structure diagrams are
hierarchical, showing how a computer system solution can be divided
into sub-systems with each level giving a more detailed breakdown.

Structure diagram of Alarm app system


Flowcharts and Pseudocode

A flowchart shows diagrammatically the steps required to complete a task and the
order that they are to be performed. These steps, together with the order, are
called an algorithm.
Pseudocode is a simple method of showing an algorithm. It describes what the
Begin algorithm does by using English key words that are very similar to those used in
a high-level programming language.

START
GET current time
WHILE TRUE
GET current time
Decision IF current time equals alarm time THEN
SOUND alarm
ELSE
WAIT for 30 seconds
Process END WHILE
STOP
End

Flowchat of Alarm app system Pseudocode of Alarm app system


Flowcharts components

This indicates the starts


and stops within a
sequence.

indicate decisions that need


to be made.
indicates an input or output.

indicate process actions. Flow lines and arrows


represent the directions taken
in the sequence.

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