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Tutorial Questions

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19 views4 pages

Tutorial Questions

Uploaded by

lemi.tereka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TUTORIAL QUESTION ONE

1) Amessage signal 𝑚(𝑡 ) = cos 2000𝜋𝑡 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠4000𝜋𝑡 m(t) = cos 2000πt+2 cos
4000πt modulates the carrier c(t) =𝑐(𝑡 ) = 100𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡 where 𝑓𝑐 = 1𝑀𝐻𝑧 to
produce the DSB signal 𝑚(𝑡 )𝑐(𝑡)
a) Determine the expression for the upper sideband (USB) signal.
(u(t) = 50 cos(2π(fc + 1000)t) + 100 cos(2π(fc + 2000)t)
b) Determine and sketch the spectrum of the USB signal.
{(Write down the Fourier transform of the expression in a)}
[Uu(f) = 25(δ(f − (fc + 1000)) + δ(f + (fc + 1000)))
+50 (δ(f − (fc + 2000)) + δ(f + (fc + 2000)))]
2) Show that in a DSB-modulated signal, the envelope of the resulting bandpass
signal is proportional to the absolute value of the message signal. This means
that an envelope detector can be employed as a DSB demodulator if we know
that the message signal is always positive.

The modulated signal can be written as


u(t) = m(t) cos(2πfct + φ)= m(t) cos(2πfct) cos(φ) − m(t) sin(2πfct) sin(φ)
= uc(t) cos(2πfct) − us(t) sin(2πfct)
where we identify uc(t) = m(t) cos(φ) as the in-phase component and us(t) =
m(t) sin(φ) as the quadrature component. The envelope of the bandpass signal is

𝑉𝑢(𝑡) = √𝑢𝑐2 (𝑡 ) + 𝑢𝑠2 (𝑡) = √𝑚2 (𝑡 )𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜑 + 𝑚2 (𝑡 )𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜑 = 𝑚(𝑡)

Hence, the envelope is proportional to the absolute value of the message signal.

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3) An AM signal is generated by modulating the carrier 𝑓𝑐 = 800𝑘𝐻𝑧 by the
signal 𝑚(𝑡 ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2000𝜋𝑡 + 5𝑐𝑜𝑠4000𝜋𝑡. The AM signal 𝑢(𝑡 ) =
100[1 + 𝑚(𝑡)] cos 2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡 is fed to a 50Ω load.
a) Determine and sketch the spectrum of the AM signal.
b) Determine the average power in the carrier and in the sidebands.
c) What is the modulation index?
d) What is the peak power delivered to the load?
4) The output signal from an AM modulator is 𝑢(𝑡 ) = 5 cos 1800𝜋𝑡 +
20𝑐𝑜𝑠200𝜋𝑡 + 5𝑐𝑜𝑠2200𝜋𝑡
a) Determine the modulating signal m(t) and the carrier c(t).
b) Determine the modulation index.
c) Determine the ratio of the power in the sidebands to the power in the
carrier.
5) A SSB AM signal is generated by modulating an800 − 𝑘𝐻𝑧 carrier by the signal
𝑚(𝑡 ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠200𝜋𝑡 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2000𝜋𝑡m(t) = cos 2000πt + 2 sin 2000πt. The
amplitude of the carrier is 𝐴𝑐 = 100.
a) Determine the signal mˆ (t).
b) Determine the (time domain) expression for the lower sideband of the SSB
AM signal.
c) Determine the magnitude spectrum of the lower sideband SSB signal.

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6) The modulating system shown in Fig.1 is used to generate an AM signal.
The modulating signal 𝑚(𝑡) has zero mean and its maximum(absolute)
value is 𝐴𝑚 = max(𝑚(𝑡 )). The non-linear device has an input-output
characteristic
𝑦(𝑡 ) = 𝑎𝑥(𝑡 ) + 𝑏𝑥 2 (𝑡)
a) Express 𝑦(𝑡) in terms of the modulating signal 𝑚(𝑡) and the carrier
𝑐(𝑡 ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡
b) Obtain the modulation index
c) Specify filter characteristics that yield a AM signal at its output

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7) Figure Q8 is the block diagram of an Armstrong modulator involving two
stages of frequency multiplication. The message signal vm(t) contains
frequencies in the range 50 Hz to 15 kHz. The WBFM output signal has a
carrier frequency f c =96MHz and a minimum frequency deviation f d =75
kHz. The NBFM modulator uses a carrier frequency f c1 =100 kHz, with a
modulation index 𝛽1 =0.2. Determine the frequency

WBFM

First Downconverter Second


message Narrowband fc2 n1β1
frequency (Frequency frequency PA
frequency
multiplier changer) multiplier
modulator
n1 n2

fc
n1fc 1
fc1, β1 β
n1β1

fc1 fLO
Figure Q81

8) The output signal from an AM modulator is 𝑢(𝑡) = 4 cos 1800𝜋𝑡 + 16𝑐𝑜𝑠2000𝜋𝑡 +


4𝑐𝑜𝑠2200𝜋𝑡. Determine the:
a) Modulating signal
b) Carrier signal
c) Modulation index

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