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Matrices

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32 views24 pages

Matrices

Uploaded by

arif.zainal200203
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MAT 423

Chapter 1: Matrices
Prepared by Dr. Nur Syazana Anuar
Subtopic
01 Introduction to
Matrices

02 Types of Matrices

03 Basic Operations on
Matrices

04 Properties of Matrix
Operations
Introduction to Matrices
A matrix is a rectangular array of rows and ROWS
columns. Matrices are denoted by capital
letters as A, B, C etc
COLUMNS
The numerical values within a matrix are called elements or entries of the matrix.
The entries of the matrix are often denoted by the lower case letter of it’s
assigned name with a pair of subscripts denoting the row, column position of
the entry.
The size of a matrix is denoted by listing the number of rows followed by the
number of columns. Matrix B is 2 × 3;
*The number of rows is always stated first.
B is a matrix of order m x n (m rows and n columns).

m x n matrix B can also be represented by Bmxn. A shorter way of representing


n

the matrix B is by writing B = (aij)mxn or simply B = (aij)

What is the size of the given matrices?

 2 −1 
0 2 3
1 0  −3
0   7 
     
 −4 1 −1
Equal Matrices

Two matrices

are equal when they have the same dimension (m x n) and all of their
corresponding entries are equal

Example:
Transpose of a Matrix
Transpose – ( AT ) of the matrix A is the matrix obtained by
interchanging the rows and columns of matrix A.

Example:
Types of Matrices
1. A column matrix consists of 2. A row matrix consists of a single
any number of rows and a single row and any number of columns.
column.

3. A zero matrix is a matrix where all the elements in that matrix are zero

0 0  0  0 0 0 
0 0  0  0 0 0 
     
4. A square matrix has the same number of rows as column.

5. A diagonal matrix is a square matrix in which the non-diagonal entries


are all zero.
6. A diagonal matrix with all diagonal entries equal to 1 is called an
identity matrix.

Denoted I2 and I3 respectively.


The n × n identity is denoted In.

7. A Triangular Matrix must be a square matrix. There are two types of


triangular matrix:
• An upper triangular matrix is a square matrix with all zero entries
below the diagonal.
• A lower triangular matrix is a square matrix with all zero entries
above the diagonal.

8. Symmetrical Matrix - a square matrix where the transpose of the


matrix is equal to the matrix itself (𝐴𝑇 = 𝐴)
Basic Operations on Matrices
• Matrix Addition
• Scalar Multiplication
• Matrix Multiplication
ADDING AND SUBSTRACTING MATRICES

If are matrices of dimension m x n, then their


sum and difference is the m x n matrix given by

*The sum of two matrices of different dimensions is undefined


Example:

a)
b)

c) Find the sum of


SCALAR MULTIPLICATION

If is an m x n matrix and c is the scalar, then the scalar


multiple of A by c is the m x n matrix given by

*Scalars will always be real numbers

Example:
Example:
−1 2 3 1 0 −4
Given that A = and C = , find 2C − A
0 −4 7 4 −3 −1
MATRIX MULTIPLICATION
In order to multiply two matrices the columns of the first
matrix must be equal to the rows of the second matrix.

Example:
Example: Find the following matrix multiplication:

1 0 6 1
a)
2 −1 −2 4

2 −3 0 1 0
b)
−1 1 −1 2 −1
PROPERTIES OF MATRICES
Example:
Example:
Example:
Example:

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