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Tutorial 3

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jayyh200414
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© © All Rights Reserved
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DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

Indian Institute of Science Education & Research (IISER) Tirupati


PHY 111: Foundations of Physics I – Mechanics & Waves
Tutorial 3

1. Consider the region enclosed by the points ABCD and PQRS in the figure below. The
region enclosed by these 8 points will be referred to as the ‘inner’ region and the one
outside the same as the ‘outer’ region. Write the expressions for the area elements for
(i) ABCD, (ii) APSD, (iii) PQRS, (iv) CDSR and (v) BCRQ in terms of spherical
polar coordinates, indicating their outward orientations in each case using the unit
vectors in spherical coordinate, (êr, êq, êj). (vi) Find out the volume element for the
inner region.

2. A particle of mass m is moving in a spiral trajectory. At time t, the polar coordinates


are given by
r = aebt and f = bt
where a and b are positive constants of appropriate dimensions. Find the velocity and
acceleration vectors at time t and determine the angle between these vectors.

3. A particle is moving along a path given by ρ = ae bφ where b is a positive constant of


appropriate dimensions. If the angular component of the acceleration is zero, then
write the angular speed in terms of r. What is the path of the particle ?

4. The origin of a reference frame is set to be at the center of a centrifuge that is rotating
!"
with angular velocity ω = ω êz . The position vector of a particle of mass m in this
!
reference frame is given by, r = aêρ + bêz , where a and b are the positive constants of
length dimension, [L]. Obtain the components of the centrifugal force that is acting on
the particle along êρ , êϕ and êz directions (in cylindrical polar coordinates).
5. A box of chocolates of mass m is dropped from a height H (= 1 km) from a helicopter
above IISER Tirupati. Find the horizontal displacement of the box due to the rotation
of the earth. (Latitude of Tirupati is 13o 40’).

6. A shooter stands on the equator and shoots at two targets 1000 meters away, one
towards east and other towards the north. Both the times he misses and the bullet hits
the board below the target. Did he misses the target due to the Coriolis effect ?

7. A bullet is fired horizontally in the north direction with a velocity of 500 m/s at 30o N
latitude. Calculate the horizontal component of the Coriolis acceleration and the
resulting deflection of the bullet as it hits the target at 500 m away.

8. The potential in a region of space is given by U( ρ, ϕ ) = ρ 2 + 4 ρ cos ϕ + 5 , where


constants have appropriate dimensions.
(a) Find the force corresponding to the given potential.
(b) If the same potential is represented in Cartesian co-ordinate system as U(x, y) ,
sketch the equipotential corresponding to U(x, y) = 5

9. Two bodies of masses m1 and m2 are placed at a distance d. Show that, the potential, V
at the point, where the gravitational field due to them is zero, is given by,
G
V =− ( m1 + m2 )2 G: gravitational constant
d

10. A uniform circular ring of mass M and radius R lies on the x-y plane with its center at
the origin. A particle of mass m is located at a distance z, vertically up from the center
of mass of the ring.
(a) Find the gravitational force exerted by the ring on the particle.
(b) Find the potential energy of the particle as a function of z assuming the potential
to be zero at z ®¥.
(c) Find the value of z for which the gravitational force is maximum and the
magnitude of the gravitational force at that point.

11. Show that the time period of satellite moving in a circular orbit of radius R around the
R3
Earth is given by T = 2π , where G is the gravitational constant and M is the
GM
mass of the Earth.

12. For a central force field, prove that the Laplace-Runge-Lenz (LRL) vector,
"
!" !" !" r 1
A = p × L − mk is a constant in time if and only if the force varies as 2 .
r r
13. By expressing the Laplace-Runge-Lenz vector in cylindrical polar coordinates, show
!" κ
that it is a constant of motion, for the law of force, F = − 2 êρ .
ρ
κ
14. A particle is moving under a central potential, V (r) = − along a circular orbit. Show
r
κ2
that the energy of the particle is E = − , where H is the specific angular
2H 2
momentum.

15. A satellite is moving in an elliptical orbit with the Earth at one of its foci. At perigee,
the speed of the satellite is v and its distance from the center of the Earth is r. Show
v(1+ ε )
that the speed of the satellite at apogee is .
(1− ε )

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