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8 views2 pages

10 A)

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Uploaded by

arulredmi2004
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Classical Data Analysis:

Classical data analysis, also known as frequentist statistics, focuses on deriving


insights from data using fixed, objective methods. It involves analyzing data
through hypothesis testing, estimation, and other statistical techniques based
on long-run frequencies of events. The main goal is to draw conclusions about
populations or processes based on sample data.

Key components of classical data analysis include:

1. Hypothesis testing: This involves setting up a null hypothesis (H₀) and an


alternative hypothesis (H₁) to make decisions about data. The p-value is
used to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis.
2. Estimation: Parameters (like means or proportions) are estimated using
techniques like confidence intervals, which provide a range of plausible
values for a population parameter.
3. Assumptions: Classical methods often assume normality, independence,
and homoscedasticity (constant variance) of data.
4. Frequentist Approach: Classical statistics doesn’t incorporate prior
knowledge or beliefs but relies solely on the data at hand for inference.

Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) vs. Bayesian Data Analysis (BDA)

Aspect Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) Bayesian Data Analysis (BDA)

EDA involves visualizing, summarizing, BDA integrates prior beliefs with data
Definition and understanding data patterns before using Bayes’ Theorem to update
formal modeling. probabilities.

EDA is used to discover underlying BDA is used to infer parameters and


Purpose patterns, spot anomalies, check make probabilistic predictions,
assumptions, and generate hypotheses. accounting for uncertainty.
Aspect Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) Bayesian Data Analysis (BDA)

Non-inferential and descriptive; focuses Inherently inferential; incorporates


Statistical
on understanding the data without prior knowledge and updates it based
Philosophy
drawing firm conclusions. on new evidence.

Fewer formal assumptions; aims to Relies on the specification of a prior


Assumptions uncover patterns without strict statistical distribution and likelihood function to
rules. model uncertainty.

Focuses on graphical methods like


Approach histograms, box plots, scatter plots, and Based on Bayes’ Theorem: P(θ
summary statistics.

Insights, trends, and hypothesis Posterior distributions that provide


Outcome generation for further analysis or updated beliefs about parameters
modeling. after considering data.

Plotting distributions, calculating MCMC (Markov Chain Monte Carlo),


Example
summary statistics (mean, median, conjugate priors, hierarchical
Techniques
variance), detecting outliers. modeling.

Key Differences:

1. Purpose: EDA is more about initial exploration and pattern recognition,


while BDA is about parameter estimation with uncertainty quantification.
2. Philosophy: EDA is non-inferential, focusing on visual insights, while BDA
is inferential, incorporating prior beliefs and uncertainty through Bayes'
Theorem.
3. Assumptions: EDA doesn’t require formal prior knowledge, whereas BDA
requires specifying prior distributions.
4. Approach: EDA uses graphical summaries, while BDA applies
mathematical models to update prior beliefs with observed data.

In summary, EDA helps you understand the data before conducting any formal
analysis, while Bayesian analysis provides a framework for making probabilistic
inferences based on both prior information and the data at hand.

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