TEST FOR FUNCTIONAL GROUP-1

EXP:8.1
Aim: To identify the functional group present in the given organic compound.
Experiment Observation Inference
1. Bromine water test Decolourization of bromine presence of unsaturation in
Dissolve 5 drops of organic compound in 2 mL of carbon solution organic compound
tetrachloride in a test tube and add 2% solution of bromine in
carbon tetrachloride or bromine water drop by drop with
continuous shaking.
2. Bayer’s test Decolourization of potassium presence of unsaturation in
Dissolve 25-30 mg of organic compound in 2 mL of water and add permanganate solution organic compound is
1% potassium permanganate solution containing equal volume of confirmed
1% sodium carbonate solution.

RESULT: The given organic compound contains unsaturation.

TEST FOR FUNCTIONAL GROUP-2

EXP:8.2
Aim: To identify the functional group present in the given organic compound.
Experiment Observation Inference
1. Ester test: A fruity smell evolves. Presence of alcohol.
To 1 ml of the given liquid in a clean dry test tube, 1 ml of glacial
acetic acid and a few drops of conc. Sulphuric acid is added.The
mixture is warmed on a water bath for about 10 minutes. This is
then poured into a beaker containing cold water.
2. Ceric ammonium nitrate test: A pink / red colour appears. Presence of alcohol is
To 1 ml of the given compound in a clean dry test tube, a few drops confirmed.
of ceric ammonium nitrate reagent is added and shaken well.

RESULT: The given organic compound contains functional group alcohol.

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 TEST FOR FUNCTIONAL GROUP-3
EXP:8.3
Aim: To identify the functional group present in the given organic compound.
Experiment Observation Inference
1. Ferric chloride test Appearance of violet colour Presence of phenolic -OH
Take 2 mL of aqueous or alcoholic solution of the organic group.
compound in a test tube, add neutral ferric chloride solution
dropwise and note the colour change.
2. Phthalein dye test Appearance of pink colour Presence of phenolic -OH
Take 0.1 g of organic compound and 0.1 g of phthalic anhydride group is confirmed.
in a clean dry test tube and add 1-2 drops of conc. H2SO4. Heat the
test tube for about 1 minute in an oil bath. Cool and pour the
reaction mixture carefully into a beaker containing 15 mL of dilute
sodium hydroxide solution
RESULT: The given organic compound contains Phenolic – OH as functional group.

TEST FOR FUNCTIONAL GROUP-4

EXP:8.4
Aim: To identify the functional group present in the given organic compound.
Experiment Observation Inference
1. Test for Carbonyl: Yellow / Presence of
2,4-Dinitrophenyl Hydrazine test: orange crystals phenolic
A small amount of the given compound is taken in a clean, dry test tube and rectified spirit is added are formed. carbonyl
until the compound dissolves. A few drops of 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine solution is added in drops. group.
The test tube is corked, shaken well and allowed to stand for 5 minutes.
2. Test for Aldehydes: Appearance of Presence of
a)Schiff’s Test: pink colour aldehyde.
A small amount of the given compound is dissolved in alcohol in a clean test tube and 1 ml of
Schiff’s reagent is added and shaken well.
b)Tollen’s test: A shiny mirror Presence of
1ml of silver nitrate solution is taken in a clean test tube and 3ml of dil.NaOH solution is added.To is formed on aldehyde is
the brown precipitate formed, dil. Ammonia solution is added dropwise until the brown precipitate the walls of the confirmed.
dissolves .To this 4 drops of given liquid is added,warmed on water bath for 5 minutes. test tube.

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c)Fehling’s test: A red Presence of
1ml each of Fehling’s solution A and B is taken in a test tube and 5 drops of the given organic precipitate aldehyde is
compound is added and warmed on a water bath for 5 minutes. appears confirmed
RESULT: The given organic compound contains aldehyde as functional group.

TEST FOR FUNCTIONAL GROUP-5

EXP:8.5
Aim: To identify the functional group present in the given organic compound.
Experiment Observation Inference
1. Test for Carbonyl: Yellow / orange Presence of
2,4-Dinitrophenyl Hydrazine test: crystals are phenolic carbonyl
A small amount of the given compound is taken in a clean, dry test tube and rectified spirit is formed. group.
added until the compound dissolves. A few drops of 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine solution is
added in drops. The test tube is corked, shaken well and allowed to stand for 5 minutes.
2. Test for Ketones: Violet colour Presence of
a)m-Dinitrobenzene test: appears and ketone is
About 1 ml of the given liquid is taken in a clean test tube and about 0.1g of finely powdered slowly fades. confirmed.
m-dinitrobenzene and 1 ml of dil. NaOH is added and shaken well.
b)Sodium nitroprusside test: A red colour Presence of
A crystal of sodium nitroprusside is dissolved in about 1 ml of distilled water in a clean test appears. ketone is
tube and 0.5 ml of the given compound is shaken well and sodium hydroxide solution is added confirmed.
dropwise.

RESULT: The given organic compound contains ketone as functional group.

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 TEST FOR FUNCTIONAL GROUP-6
EXP:8.6
Aim: To identify the functional group present in the given organic compound.
Experiment Observation Inference
1. Litmus test: A pink / red May be presence
A drop of the given liquid or crystal is placed on a moist blue litmus paper. colour appears of carboxylic acid
2. Sodium hydrogencarbonate test: A brisk Presence of
To 1 ml of the organic liquid in a test tube, a pinch of sodiumhydrogen carbonate is added. effervescence carboxyl group.
evolves.
3. Ester test: A fruity smell Presence of
To about 0.1g of the given substance, 1 ml of ethyl alcohol and a few drops of conc. Sulphuric evolves. carboxyl group is
acid is added.The mixture is warmed on a water bath for about 5 minutes. This is then poured confirmed.
into a beaker containing water.
RESULT: The given organic compound contains carboxylic acid as functional group.

TEST FOR FUNCTIONAL GROUP-7

EXP:8.7
Aim: To identify the functional group present in the given organic compound.
Experiment Observation Inference
1. Solubility test: The compound is May be presence
A small amount of the given compound is taken in a clean test tube and 3 ml of dil.HCl is soluble. of primary amine
added and shaken well.
2. Carbylamine test: An unpleasant Presence of
About 0.2g of solid potassium hydroxide is taken in a clean dry test tube and 2 ml of ethanol odour evolves primary amine.
is added. The test tube is warmed until the pellets dissolve. To this, few drops of chloroform
and the given compound is added and warmed gently
3. Azo dye test A red colour dye Presence of
(i) Dissolve nearly 0.2 g of the compound in 2 mL of dilute hydrochloric acid in a test tube. forms primary aromatic
Cool the content of the test tube in ice. amine is
(ii) To the ice cooled solution add 2 mL of 2.5% cold aqueous sodium nitrite solution. confirmed
(iii) In another test tube, dissolve 0.2 g of β-naphthol in dilute sodium hydroxide solution.
(iv) Add diazonium chloride solution prepared in step (ii) into the cold β-naphthol solution
slowly with shaking.
RESULT: The given organic compound contains primary amine as functional group.