Faculty of Engineering and Technology

BTech Programme

Semester II

Linear Algebra

Course Code: 2601201 Course Credit: 4

PO 1 : The graduate will be able to apply the knowledge of mathematics, basic science,
engineering fundamentals to solve the engineering problems.
PO 2 : The graduate will be able Identify, formulate and solve computer or IT related
problems using acquired knowledge.
PO 3 : The graduate will be able to design software solutions or hardware components as
per given specifications.
PO 4 : The graduate will be able to analyse, interpret, conduct investigations using
engineering knowledge and provide valid conclusions.
PO 5 : The graduate will be able to use and demonstrate the use of the modern tools and
technologies related to the latest trends in the computer industry.
PO 6 : The graduate will be able to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues
and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.
PO 7 : The graduate will be able to understand the impact of the engineering solutions in
societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need
for sustainable development.
PO 8 : The graduate will be able to apply ethical principles and commit to professional
ethics and responsibilities.
PO 9 : The graduate will be able to function effectively as an individual, as a member or as
a leader in a team.
PO 10 : The graduate will demonstrate competent Communication skills with respect to
verbal communication and technical writing like effective reports, documentation
and presentations.
PO 11 : The graduate will be able to demonstrate knowledge of Engineering and
management principles and will be able to apply to manage projects in
multidisciplinary environments.
PO 12 : The Graduates will be able to recognize the need for, and will have the ability to
engage in self learning as per real world requirements.
❖ Introduction
Linear algebra is central to almost all areas of mathematics. For instance, linear algebra is
fundamental in modern presentations of geometry, including for defining basic objects such
as lines, planes and rotations. Linear algebra is also used in most sciences and fields of
engineering, because it allows modeling many natural phenomena, and computing efficiently
with such models. This course offers a comprehensive introduction to linear algebra, an
essential mathematical subject. It covers a wide range of topics, starting with fundamental
concepts such as matrices and determinants, arithmetic operations, and matrix inverses.
Moreover, the rank of matrices, various types of linear equations, and techniques for solving
them, including row reduction and Echelon forms are explored. Moving forward, the course
delves into vector spaces, subspaces, linear independence, basis, and coordinate vectors,
shedding light on the core principles of vector analysis. Inner product spaces will be another
key focus, with discussions on inner products, orthogonality, orthogonal sets, and the
practical Gram-Schmidt process. Furthermore, eigenvalues, eigenvectors, diagonalization,
and quadratic forms are calculated. The course concludes with a thorough examination of
linear transformations, their properties, and the effect of changing bases on linear operators.
Throughout this journey, valuable insights into the applications of linear algebra across
various fields will be gained.

❖ Course Objectives:
1. To acquire basic knowledge of matrix theory.
2. To comprehend basic concept of vector space and linear transformation.
3. To apply the knowledge of linear algebra in engineering problems.

❖ Course Duration:
The course duration is 40 sessions of 60 minutes each.

❖ Course Content:

Module Modules/Sub-Modules No. of %

No. Sessions Weightage
System of Linear Equations: Introduction to
Matrices and determinants, Arithmetic Operations
I and properties, Inverse of a Matrix, Rank of a 8 20%
matrix, Systems of Linear Equations (homogeneous
and non homogeneous), Solution of linear
 equations, Row reduction and Echelon form,
Applications of Systems of Linear Equations.
Vector Space: Vector space and subspaces, Linearly
independent sets, Basis, Rank, Coordinate vector
II 8 20%
relative to basis, Change of Basis, Null space, Row
space and column space, Rank and Nullity
Inner Product Space: Inner product, length and
orthogonality, Orthogonal sets, orthogonal
III 8 20%
projections, The Gram-Schmidt process,
Orthogonal compliments, Least-Squares Problems
Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors: Eigenvectors and
Eigenvalues, The characteristic equation, Cayley
IV 8 20%
Hamilton theorem, Similarity of matrices,
Diagonalization, quadratic form
Linear Transformations: Linear Transformations,
Properties of linear transformations, Linear
Operators, Kernel and Range of linear
V 8 20%
transformations, Inverse linear transformations,
Matrix of Linear Transformation, Effect of change
of basis on Linear Operator

❖ Course Outcomes
At the end of the course the students should be able to:
1. CO 1: Recall and apply fundamental concepts of matrices, vector spaces, inner product
spaces, eigenvalues, eigenvectors, and linear transformations throughout the
syllabus.
2. CO 2: Explain the interrelationships between matrix properties, vector spaces, inner product
spaces, eigenvalues, and linear transformations within the context of the entire
course.
3. CO 3: Apply the collective knowledge and skills acquired to solve a variety of real-world
problems involving systems of linear equations, least-squares problems, and linear
transformations.
4. CO 4: Analyze and evaluate the structural properties of matrices, including rank, nullity,
and eigenvalue-related concepts, in a comprehensive manner.
5. CO 5: Design and implement solutions for complex problems that encompass the entire
syllabus, demonstrating creativity and a deep understanding of linear algebra
principles and applications.

❖ Teaching Scheme
Teaching Scheme (Hours) : 40
Course Credit: 4
Theory Tutorial Practical
35 5 -
❖ Examination Scheme
Examination Scheme
CEC Total Marks
External Internal
Assignment Attendance

50 20 20 10 100

❖ Teaching Methods:
The following pedagogical tools will be used to teach this course:
1. Lectures
2. Discussions
3. Assignments
4. Presentations

❖ Supplementary Readings:
1. Lay, D. C., Lay, S. R., McDonald, J. J. (2017). Linear Algebra and its Applications.
Pearson Education.
2. Anton, H., Rorres, C. (2013). Elementary Linear Algebra: Applications Version. John
Wiley & Sons Inc.

❖ List of Journals / Periodicals / Magazines / Newspapers/ etc.:

The students can refer to the link below to get relevant information pertaining to the
subject.
1. https://archive.nptel.ac.in/courses/111/104/111104137/
2. https://archive.nptel.ac.in/courses/111/106/111106135/

❖ Session Plan:

Session Topics
1 System of Linear Equations: Introduction to Matrices and determinants
2 Arithmetic Operations and properties
3 Inverse of a Matrix
4 Rank of a matrix
5 Systems of Linear Equations (homogeneous and non homogeneous)
6 Solution of linear equations
7 Row reduction and Echelon form
8 Applications of Systems of Linear Equations
9 Vector Space: Vector space and subspaces
10 Linearly independent sets
 11 Basis
12 Rank
13 Coordinate vector relative to basis
14 Change of Basis, Null space
15 Row space and column space
16 Rank and Nullity
17 Inner Product Space: Inner product
18 Length and orthogonality
19 Orthogonal sets, orthogonal projections
20 The Gram-Schmidt process
21 The Gram-Schmidt process
22 Orthogonal compliments
23 Orthogonal compliments
24 Least-Squares Problems
25 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors
26 The characteristic equation
27 The characteristic equation
28 Cayley Hamilton theorem
29 Similarity of matrices
30 Diagonalization
31 Diagonalization
32 Quadratic form
33 Linear Transformations
34 Properties of linear transformations
35 Linear Operators
36 Kernel and Range of linear transformations
37 Inverse linear transformations
38 Matrix of Linear Transformation
39 Effect of change of basis on Linear Operator
40 Effect of change of basis on Linear Operator

❖ Suggested theory Distribution

The suggested theory distribution as per Bloom’s taxonomy is as per follow.

Distribution of theory for Course delivery and evaluation

Remember Understand Apply Analyse Evaluate Create
25% 25% 20% 10% 20% -

❖ Instructional Method:

1. The teacher in addition to conventional teaching methods by black board also uses tools
such as Quiz, brainstorming, etc.
2. The internal evaluation will be done on the basis of a theory exam and a continuous
evaluation of students.
3. Students will use supplementary resources such as online videos, NPTEL videos, E
courses.